Seawater carbonate chemistry and community calcification during Reunion Island coral reef community study, 2006

Coral reefs are very productive ecosystems. Soft-sediment plays generally a role in storing place, in transforming and in producing of matter, and therefore it could play a key role in coral reefs ecosystems. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of soft-bottom compartment during the transfer of matter and energy in the reef of La Saline (Reunion Island). Three main lines of research were developed: the physicochemical characterisation of studied site, the metabolism of soft bottom in view to estimate the trophic production and its status and finally, the characterisation of biological component by the study of macrobentos and megabentos (i.e. Holothurians). A limited disturbance was detected by physicochemical data although locally enrichment of freshwater by nutrients (nitrates+nitrites+silicates) were measured (reef back hollow of Planch'Alize and Grand Trou d'Eau). At the reef scale (9 stations and 2 seasons), the soft-sediment was found heterotrophic (net production = 31.6, respiration R = 109.6, gross production Pg = 77.9 mmolC m-2 d-1 et PgR = 0.7). Opposite to the two holothurians studied population Holothuria atra et H. leucospilota, macrobenthos (> 1 mm) did not constitute a major group in the food web (134 taxa, with a mean of 32.86 individuals per 0.2 m-2 et 0.059 gPS 0.2m-2. compared to Echinoderm biomass that could reach 7.92 gPS m-2. At the station scale, spatial heterogeneity of metabolism was in agreement with the physicochemical characteristics of environment reflecting the double influence of both ocean and continent (freshwater enrichment). The most productive and heterotrophic stations were located in the reef back hollow where the oceanic influence was the lowest. Finally, macrofauna was under hydrodynamic influence although holothurians are growing in the most productive area. The soft-bottom sediment played a key role in filtrating organic matter provided from the back reef. This mechanism was deeply influenced by the high hydrodynamism (narrow reef and low water level), which modulated the loss of mater and energy of the reef. These losses were however limited by the action of holothurians (high density ind m-2), which store organic matter such as biomass and enhanced probably local production via excretion and bioturbation. To conclude, at the ecosystem scale, soft-bottom was responsible of recycling, which was reinforced by holothurians that limited the loss of matter and energy due to hydrodynamism

TRANSFERT DE MATIERE ET DENERGIE DANS LES SEDIMENTS DUN COMPLEXE RECIFAL ANTHROPISE (ÎLE DE LA RÉUNION, OCEAN INDIEN)

Coral reefs are very productive ecosystems. Soft-sediment plays generally a role in storing place, in transforming and in producing of matter, and therefore it could play a key role in coral reefs ecosystems. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of soft-bottom compartment during the transfer of matter and energy in the reef of La Saline (Reunion Island). Three main lines of research were developed: the physicochemical characterisation of studied site, the metabolism of soft bottom in view to estimate the trophic production and its status and finally, the characterisation of biological component by the study of macrobentos and megabentos (i.e. Holothurians). A limited disturbance was detected by physicochemical data although locally enrichment of freshwater by nutrients (nitrates+nitrites+silicates) were measured (reef back hollow of Planch'Alizé and Grand Trou d'Eau). At the reef scale (9 stations and 2 seasons), the soft-sediment was found heterotrophic (net production = 31.6, respiration R = 109.6, gross production Pg = 77.9 mmolC m-2 d-1 et Pg/R = 0.7). Opposite to the two holothurians studied population Holothuria atra et H. leucospilota, macrobenthos (> 1 mm) did not constitute a major group in the food web (134 taxa, with a mean of 32.86 individuals per 0.2 m- 2 et 0.059 gPS 0.2m-2) compared to Echinoderm biomass that could reach 7.92 gPS m-2. At the station scale, spatial heterogeneity of metabolism was in agreement with the physicochemical characteristics of environment reflecting the double influence of both ocean and continent (freshwater enrichment). The most productive and heterotrophic stations were located in the reef back hollow where the oceanic influence was the lowest. Finally, macrofauna was under hydrodynamic influence although holothurians are growing in the most productive area. The soft-bottom sediment played a key role in filtrating organic matter provided from the back reef. This mechanism was deeply influenced by the high hydrodynamism (narrow reef and low water level) which modulated the loss of mater and energy of the reef. These losses were however limited by the action of holothurians (high density ind m-2), which store organic matter such as biomass and enhanced probably local production via excretion and bioturbation. To conclude, at the ecosystem scale, soft-bottom was responsible of recycling, whichLes récifs coralliens sont des écosystèmes très productifs. Lieu de stockage, transformation, et production de matière, les sédiments pourraient également jouer un rôle dans le fonctionnement du récif. L'objectif était d'évaluer ce rôle dans le transfert de matière et d'énergie du récif de La Saline (île de la Réunion). Trois axes de recherches ont été développés : la caractérisation de la zone via des analyses physicochimiques, l'étude du métabolisme des sédiments (production et statut trophique), et, de la composante biologique, macrofaune et mégafaune (holothuries). Les mesures physicochimiques ont montré un état de perturbation limité, même si localement, des enrichissements par les eaux douces en éléments nutritifs sont bien réels (arrière-récifs de Planch'Alizé et Grand Trou d'Eau). Á l'échelle du récif (9 stations, 2 saisons), les sédiments sont hétérotrophes (production nette = 31.6, respiration R = 109.6, production brute Pg = 77.9 mmolC m-2 j-1 et Pg/R = 0.7). La macrofaune ne constitue pas un groupe important dans le réseau trophique (134 taxons, avec en moyenne, 32.86 individus 0.2 m-2 et 0.059 gPS 0.2m-2). Par comparaison, les biomasses des populations de Holothuria atra et H. leucospilota, atteignent 7.92 gPS m-2. L'hétérogénéité spatiale du métabolisme des stations est en accord avec des caractéristiques physicochimiques du milieu reflétant la double influence océan - terre (enrichissement par eaux douces). Les stations les plus productives et hétérotrophes se situent dans l'arrière-récif où l'influence océanique est minime. La macrofaune est sous l'influence du facteur hydrodynamisme alors que les holothuries se développent dans les zones très productives. Le compartiment sédimentaire joue donc un rôle essentiel de filtre pour la matière organique importée. Ce fonctionnement est influencé par l'hydrodynamisme qui conditionne les pertes de matière et d'énergie. Ces pertes sont limitées par l'action des holothuries (forte densité 3 ind m-2) qui stockent la matière organique sous forme de biomasse, et stimulent probablement la production locale (excrétion et bioturbation). En conclusion, à l'échelle de l'écosystème, les sédiments assurent un recyclage essentiel, fonction renforcée par les holothuries qui limitent les pertes de matière et d'énergie dues à l'hydrodynamisme

Transfert de matière et d'énergie dans les sédiments d'un complexe récifal anthropisé (île de La Réunion, océan Indien)

Les récifs coralliens sont des écosystèmes très productifs. Lieu de stockage, transformation, et production de matière, les sédiments pourraient également jouer un rôle dans le fonctionnement du récif. L objectif était d évaluer ce rôle dans le transfert de matière et d énergie du récif de La Saline (île de la Réunion). Trois axes de recherches ont été développés : la caractérisation de la zone via des analyses physicochimiques, l étude du métabolisme des sédiments (production et statut trophique), et, de la composante biologique, macrofaune et mégafaune (holothuries). Les mesures physicochimiques ont montré un état de perturbation limité, même si localement, des enrichissements par les eaux douces en éléments nutritifs sont bien réels (arrière-récifs de Planch Alizé et Grand Trou d Eau). A l échelle du récif (9 stations, 2 saisons), les sédiments sont hétérotrophes (production nette = 31.6, respiration R = 109.6, production brute Pg = 77.9 mmolC m-2 j-1 et Pg/R = 0.7). La macrofaune ne constitue pas un groupe important dans le réseau trophique (134 taxons, avec en moyenne, 32.86 individus 0.2 m-2 et 0.059 gPS 0.2m-2). Par comparaison, les biomasses des populations de Holothuria atra et H. leucospilota, atteignent 7.92 gPS m-2. L hétérogénéité spatiale du métabolisme des stations est en accord avec des caractéristiques physicochimiques du milieu reflétant la double influence océan - terre (enrichissement par eaux douces). Les stations les plus productives et hétérotrophes se situent dans l arrière-récif où l influence océanique est minime. La macrofaune est sous l influence du facteur hydrodynamisme alors que les holothuries se développent dans les zones très productives. Le compartiment sédimentaire joue donc un rôle essentiel de filtre pour la matière organique importée. Ce fonctionnement est influencé par l hydrodynamisme qui conditionne les pertes de matière et d énergie. Ces pertes sont limitées par l action des holothuries (forte densité 3 ind m-2) qui stockent la matière organique sous forme de biomasse, et stimulent probablement la production locale (excrétion et bioturbation). En conclusion, à l échelle de l écosystème, les sédiments assurent un recyclage essentiel, fonction renforcée par les holothuries qui limitent les pertes de matière et d énergie dues à l hydrodynamisme.Coral reefs are very productive ecosystems. Soft-sediment plays generally a role in storing place, in transforming and in producing of matter, and therefore it could play a key role in coral reefs ecosystems. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of soft-bottom compartment during the transfer of matter and energy in the reef of La Saline (Reunion Island). Three main lines of research were developed: the physicochemical characterisation of studied site, the metabolism of soft bottom in view to estimate the trophic production and its status and finally, the characterisation of biological component by the study of macrobentos and megabentos (i.e. Holothurians). A limited disturbance was detected by physicochemical data although locally enrichment of freshwater by nutrients (nitrates+nitrites+silicates) were measured (reef back hollow of Planch Alizé and Grand Trou d Eau). At the reef scale (9 stations and 2 seasons), the soft-sediment was found heterotrophic (net production = 31.6, respiration R = 109.6, gross production Pg = 77.9 mmolC m-2 d-1 et Pg/R = 0.7). Opposite to the two holothurians studied population Holothuria atra et H. leucospilota, macrobenthos (> 1 mm) did not constitute a major group in the food web (134 taxa, with a mean of 32.86 individuals per 0.2 m-2 et 0.059 gPS 0.2m-2) compared to Echinoderm biomass that could reach 7.92 gPS m-2. At the station scale, spatial heterogeneity of metabolism was in agreement with the physicochemical characteristics of environment reflecting the double influence of both ocean and continent (freshwater enrichment). The most productive and heterotrophic stations were located in the reef back hollow where the oceanic influence was the lowest. Finally, macrofauna was under hydrodynamic influence although holothurians are growing in the most productive area. The soft-bottom sediment played a key role in filtrating organic matter provided from the back reef. This mechanism was deeply influenced by the high hydrodynamism (narrow reef and low water level) which modulated the loss of mater and energy of the reef. These losses were however limited by the action of holothurians (high density ind m-2), which store organic matter such as biomass and enhanced probably local production via excretion and bioturbation. To conclude, at the ecosystem scale, soft-bottom was responsible of recycling, which was reinforced by holothurians that limited the loss of matter and energy due to hydrodynamism.SAINT DENIS/REUNION-Droit Lettre (974112101) / SudocSudocFranceReunionFRR

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Temporal and spatial variability of sediment productivity on a fringing reef (Reunion Island, Western Indian Ocean)

International audiencePoster about Temporal and spatial variability of sediment productivity on a fringing reef (Reunion Island, Western Indian Ocean

Low community photosynthetic quotient in coral reef sediments Un quotient photosynthétique des communautés faible dans les sédiments de récif corallien

International audienceFluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and oxygen at the water-sediment interface were measured at eight coral reef stations (Indian Ocean) in summer and winter. The dark fluxes provided the community respiratory quotient (CRQ = dissolved inorganic carbon release / oxygen uptake) and the diurnal fluxes corrected from the dark fluxes gave the community photosynthetic quotient (CPQ = oxygen gross release / dissolved inorganic carbon gross uptake). The CRQ and the winter CPQ were not significantly different from 1. Summer CPQ (0.79; SD 0.02) was significantly lower than 1 due to the combined effect of the daily evolution of the community respiration and the discrepancy between the daily evolution in community oxygen respiration and community carbon respiration. These results highlight the importance of measuring simultaneously the benthic community production and respiration for long term integrated data sets, instead of the traditional daily or seasonal budget calculations from limited measures of community respiration

Seawater carbonate chemistry and community calcification during Reunion Island coral reef community study, 2007

To assess the contribution of soft-bottoms to the carbon cycle in coral reefs, the net community production (p) was measured in winter at 3 stations on La Saline inner reef flat (Reunion Island). Changes in pH and total alkalinity at different irradiances (I) were assessed using benthic chambers (0.2 m2) during a 1-h incubation. Mean grain size, the silt and clay load and chlorophyll a content of the sediments were analysed in each chamber. Daily community production (P), gross community production (Pg) and community respiration (R) were estimated from p-I curves and daily irradiance variations (PAR, 400-700 nm). Sediment characteristics and chlorophyll a contents did not differ between the three sites, except for the silt and clay fraction at one station. R being higher than Pg (84.88 ± 7.36 and -62.29 ± 3.34 mmolC m-2 d-1 respectively), P value reached 22.59 ± 5.66 mmolC m-2 d-1. The sediments were therefore heterotrophic with a mean Pg/R lower than 1 (0.74 ± 0.05) and appear to be a carbon source. Our data suggested the importance of the degradation process in the functioning of near-reef sediments

Carbon Fluxes at the Water-sediment Interface in Reunion Island Fringing Reef

International audienceTo assess the contribution of soft-bottoms to the carbon cycle in coral reefs, the net community production (p) was measured in winter at 3 stations on La Saline inner reef flat (Reunion Island). Changes in pH and total alkalinity at different irradiances (I) were assessed using benthic chambers (0.2 m²) during a 1-h incubation. Mean grain size, the silt and clay load and chlorophyll a content of the sediments were analysed in each chamber. Daily community production (P), gross community production (Pg) and community respiration (R) were estimated from p-I curves and daily irradiance variations (PAR, 400-700 nm). Sediment characteristics and chlorophyll a contents did not differ between the three sites, except for the silt and clay fraction at one station. R being higher than Pg (84.88 ± 7.36 and -62.29 ± 3.34 mmolC m-2 d-1 respectively), P value reached 22.59 ± 5.66 mmolC m-2 d-1. The sediments were therefore heterotrophic with a mean Pg/R lower than 1 (0.74 ± 0.05) and appear to be a carbon source. Our data suggested the importance of the degradation process in the functioning of near-reef sediments

Diel variation of benthic respiration in a coral reef sediment (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean)

International audienceOxygen and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes at the water–sediment interface were measured using benthic chambers to assess the short-term variations of community respiration (CR) in the back reef sediments of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Benthic CR had a daily cycle of minimal (6:00 AM) and maximal values (6:00 PM), showing increases of oxygen and DIC fluxes of 2.8- and 3.8-fold, respectively. Average CR values were observed at midday and midnight. The evolution of fluxes was positively related to oxygen concentration in ambient water, but not to temperature changes. In the study area, high daytime primary production augments the amount of energy available for community metabolism and increases benthic respiration. The benthic communities are therefore subjected to short-term variable environmental conditions with oxygen supersaturation during the day, and moderately hypoxic conditions at the end of the night