In vitro evaluation of veneering composites and fibers on the color of fiber-reinforced composite restorations.

OBJECTIVE Color match between fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) restorations and teeth is an imperative factor in esthetic dentistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of veneering composites and fibers on the color change of FRC restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glass and polyethylene fibers were used to reinforce a direct microhybrid composite (Z250, 3M ESPE) and a microfilled composite (Gradia Indirect, GC). There were eight experimental groups (n=5 disks per group). Four groups were used as the controls (non-FRC control) and the others were used as experimental groups. CIELAB parameters (L*, a* and b*) of specimens were evaluated against a white background using a spectrophotometer to assess the color change. The color difference (ΔE*) and color coordinates were (L*, a* and b*) analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Both types of composite and fiber influenced the color parameters (ΔL*, Δa*). The incorporation of fibers into the composite in the experimental groups made them darker than the control groups, except in the Gradia Indirect+ glass fibers group. Δb* is affected by types of fibers only in direct fiber reinforced composite. No statistically significant differences were recognized in ΔE* among the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that the tested FRC restorations exhibited no difference in color in comparison with non-FRC restoration. Hence, the types of veneering composites and fibers did not influence the color change (ΔE*) of FRC restorations

WWFedCBMIR:World-Wide Federated Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval

The paper proposes a federated content-based medical image retrieval (FedCBMIR) tool that utilizes federated learning (FL) to address the challenges of acquiring a diverse medical data set for training CBMIR models. CBMIR is a tool to find the most similar cases in the data set to assist pathologists. Training such a tool necessitates a pool of whole-slide images (WSIs) to train the feature extractor (FE) to extract an optimal embedding vector. The strict regulations surrounding data sharing in hospitals makes it difficult to collect a rich data set. FedCBMIR distributes an unsupervised FE to collaborative centers for training without sharing the data set, resulting in shorter training times and higher performance. FedCBMIR was evaluated by mimicking two experiments, including two clients with two different breast cancer data sets, namely BreaKHis and Camelyon17 (CAM17), and four clients with the BreaKHis data set at four different magnifications. FedCBMIR increases the F1 score (F1S) of each client from 96% to 98.1% in CAM17 and from 95% to 98.4% in BreaKHis, with 11.44 fewer hours in training time. FedCBMIR provides 98%, 96%, 94%, and 97% F1S in the BreaKHis experiment with a generalized model and accomplishes this in 25.53 fewer hours of training

Quantum Correlations in Neutrino Oscillation: Coherence and Entanglement

In this paper, we consider the quantum correlations, coherence and entanglement, in neutrino oscillation. We find that the $l_{1}$-norm as a coherence measure is equal to sum of the three possible concurrences for measuring the entanglement among different flavor modes which were calculated in the paper by (M. Blasone et al., Europhys. Lett., {\bf 112}, 20007). Our result shows that the origin of the flavor entanglement in neutrino oscillation is the same as that of quantum coherence. Furthermore, in the wave packet framework, the variation of $l_{1}$-norm is investigated by varying the wave packet width $\sigma_{x}$. As it is expected the amount of coherence increases by $\sigma_{x}$ due to the increase in the overlapping of the mass eigenstates.Comment: 12 pages; 1 figur

Cross-Cultural Adaptations of the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment in Iran

Background: According to general ethical and legal principles, valid consent must be obtained before starting any procedure. Objectives: Due to the lack of a standard tool for assessing patients’ capacity to consent to medical treatment in Iran, the present study was carried out aiming to devise a Persian version of a cross-cultural adaptation of the MacArthur competence assessment tool. Patients and Methods: By reviewing different methods of cultural translation and adaptation for assessment tools, and due to the lack of consensus on its processes, we selected Wild’s model as one of the most comprehensive methods in this regard. Wild’s (2005) 10-stage model includes preparation, forward translation, reconciliation of the forward translation, back translation of reconciliation, back translation review, cognitive debriefing and cognitive review, and finalization, proofreading and final reporting. Using this model, we translated the MacArthur assessment tool and made it adaptable to Iranian patients. Results: The MacArthur assessment tool is not dependent on any specific culture and language. As a result, if translation and its scientific adaptation are done based on an integrated and detailed model, the tool can be used for every culture and language. In other words, this tool is not culture-specific; so, it is applicable in cases where a translation is needed, and it can be culturally adapted to suit different societies. Conclusions: In the present study, we are able to focus on and prove the efficacy and benefits of this measurement tool

Dietary intake and lifestyle behavior in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case-control study

Objective: To compare dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Methods: 160 healthy women (partner with male infertility) were recruited to a control group; 168 women with PCOS (diagnosed on ultrasound) were recruited to a case study group for this cross-sectional comparative study. The case group was classified into three phenotypes based on presence or absence of menstrual disorder (M), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovary according to sonography (PCO): HA+PCO (n=53), PCO+M (n=57) and M+HA+PCO (n=66). Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour were measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire (LQ). Results: The mean energy (P<0.001) and fat intake (P<0.001) were greater in PCOS groups compared with the control group. The average energy and fat intake were greater in HA+M+PCO group after age and BMI adjustment compared with other phenotypes (P<0.001). In comparison with the control group, lifestyle scores were lower in the PCOS group in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control after age and BMI adjustment (P<0.001). The average score of lifestyle in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control, and psychological health was lower in the phenotype HA+M+PCO compared with other phenotypes (P<0.001). Conclusions: Limited energy and fat intake is strongly recommended in Iranian women with PCOS especially in phenotype HA+M+PCO. Consultation on improvement of psychological health and the importance of weight and nutrition control, and appropriate physical activity in patients especially in HA+M+PCO is advocated. Keywords: Lifestyle, polycystic ovarian syndrome, die

Corrigendum to �HIV-1 Tat protein attenuates the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)� Int. Immunopharmacol. 78 (2020) 105943 (International Immunopharmacology (2020) 78, (S1567576919316698), (10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105943))

The authors regret to inform that there was an inadvertent error in the section of �2.1. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction� and the correct text is provided below: Ten-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the Pasteur Institute (Tehran, Iran). All animals were kept in a sterile facility according to the Guidelines of the Iran University of Medical Science. All animal procedures were in accordance with the Ethics Committee of the Iran University of Medical Science (IR.IUMS.FMD.REC 1396.9321540002). The EAE model was provided by �Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD)�. To this aim, the animals were anesthetized by the intraperitoneal administration of ketamine and xylazine. Then, 300 µg of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35�55; SICBD) peptide was emulsified with complete Freund�s adjuvant (500 µg Mycobacterium tuberculosis; CFA; Sigma, F5881, USA) and subcutaneously injected into both hind flanks of each mouse. All mice received two doses of 0.3 µg pertussis toxin (List Biological Lab, Campbell, CA, USA) through the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection about two hours and forty-eight hours after immunization. All authors are aware of the errors and have agreed to the correction. The authors would also like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 202

A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; A comparative analysis of six definitions

Introduction To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO's STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016. Materials and methods The prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicityspecific values of waist circumference for the country. Results National prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4-39.1), 43.5% (42.7-44.4), 40.9% (40.1-41.8), 47.6% (46.8-48.5), 32.0% (31.2-32.9), and 40.8% (40.0-41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65-69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity. Conclusion High prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors