Comparison of Iris Fixated and Scleral Fixated intra Ocular Lens for Correction of Aphakia in Traumatic Cataract with no Proper Capsular Support

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes and complications of iris fixated and scleral fixated intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients suffering from traumatic cataract with no proper capsular support.Patients and Methods: This prospective interventional study was performed in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between May 2015 and May 2016. Twenty five patients with traumatic cataract and no proper capsular support for IOL implantation in the bag or sulcus were included and randomly underwent either iris fixated or sulcus fixated IOL implantation. Follow up visits were performed one day, one week, four weeks, three months and six months after surgery. In each visit visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, placement of IOL and anterior chamber reaction were studied. Results: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients underwent iris fixation and 12 eyes of 12 patients underwent scleral fixation of IOL. The average patient age at presentation was 29.12 ± 16.32. In the follow up visit one week after IOL fixation three patients in each group had significant anterior chamber inflammation. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of patients with elevated IOP (P = 0.96), dislocated IOL (P = 0.480) and complications such as wound dehiscence and iridocorneal adhesion. Also no statistically significant difference regarding the mean BCVA three months after surgery was observed (P = 0.55).Conclusion: We did not observe any significant difference in outcome of iris and scleral fixation of IOL in traumatic eye injuries with no effective capsular support.&nbsp

The Effect of Contact Lens Induced Myopia and Hyperopia on Retinal Thickness and Volume Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose:To determine the effect of induced myopia and hyperopia in emmetropic eyes using soft contact lenses on retinal parameters, measured by optical coherence tomography.Patients and Methods: In this quasi-experimental self-controlled study 57 emmetropic participants, 18 - 42 years of age, were studied. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmic examinations including, measurement of best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, dry and cycloplegic refractions, and axial length. Optical coherence tomography scans to measure foveal thickness, parafoveal thickness and perifoveal thickness were performed while different refraction powers were induced in each eye by wearing soft contact lenses of five different diopter (- 10.00, - 5.00, plano, + 5.00, + 10.00).Results: Fifty seven normal emmetropic participants with a mean age of 25.78 ± 6.50 years participated in the present study. Average foveal thickness was 246.02 ± 22.03 μm, 245.47 ± 22.78 μm, 246.47 ± 24.38 μm, 246.42 ± 22.96 μm, and 246.18 ± 22.46 μm in high-induced- myopic (CL: + 10.00 D), mild-induced-myopic (CL: + 5.00 D), emmetropic (CL: Plano), mild-induced-hyperopic (CL: - 5.00 D), and high-induced-hyperopic (CL: - 10.00 D) groups, respectively. Average parafoveal thickness was 329.21 ± 16.31 μm, 329.24 ± 16.36 μm, 328.86 ± 16.46 μm, 328.92 ± 16.57 μm, and 328.80 ± 16.76 μm in high-induced-myopic, mild-induced-myopic, emmetropic, mild-induced-hyperopic, and high-induced-hyperopic groups, respectively. Corresponding numbers for perifoveal thickness was 312.25 ± 14.39 μm, 311.84 ± 14.91 μm, 312.46 ± 16.55 μm, 311.57 ± 14.88 μm, and 311.77 ± 14.96 μm. Conclusion: Contact lens induced myopia and hyperopia had no significant effect on foveal thickness,parafovealthickness and perifoveal thickness readings in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.Keywords: Optical coherence tomography; myopia; hyperopia; retinal parameters; contact lens.

Radioprotective Effect of Beta D-Glucan and Vitamin E on Gamma Irradiated Mouse

Introduction: It is shown that beta-D-glucan is an immunologic system booster with radioprotectory effects. Radioprotectors are chemical components that can alleviate biological damage produced by ionizing radiation. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the synergistic radioprotectory effects of beta-D-glucan and vitamin E on irradiated mice with 60Co source. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 female mice were arranged in four, equal population groups of control group (C), treated group with beta D-glucan (G), treated group with vitamin E (E), and treated group with both beta D-glucan and vitamin E (G+E). Each group was divided into three equal population groups of D6, D7 and D8 exposed to 60Co radiation with prescribed total body dose of 6, 7 and 8 Gray (Gy), respectively. After the exposure, the number of survived animals was counted by time, then Lethal Dose50/30 (LD50/30), Lethal Dose50/60 (LD50/60) and Dose Reduction Factor (DRF) were calculated in all groups and corresponding groups. R esults: Based on the results of current study, treatment of the animals with vitamin E did not change values of LD50/30 and LD50/60, in comparison to control group. LD50/30 and LD50/60 of treated groups with beta D-glucan and beta D-glucan + vitamin E showed significant difference with those of control group (p<0.01). The DRF values in groups E, G and G + E, were calculated respectively as 1, 1.25 and 1.375 based on LD50/30, and respectively as 1, 1.17 and 1.33 based on LD50/60. While values of DRF in groups G and G + E showed significant difference in comparison to that of control group (p<0.01), but the difference between DRF of groups G and G + E was not significant (p=0.395). C onclusion: The findings of study obviously showed that, presence of beta D-glucan in the body of mice, during exposure to ionizing radiation, leads to DRF of higher than one, proving the radioprotectory effect of this agent. Also, we demonstrated that, while vitamin E had no radioprotectory effect on irradiated mice, beta D-glucan in combination with vitamin E increased resistance of mice against ionizing radiation

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Medication Adherence among Patients with Diabetes Referred to a Diabetes Center in Zarand, Kerman

Background: Medication adherence in patients with diabetes is one of the main factors in diabetic patients care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence in patients with diabetes referred to a diabetes center in Zarand, Iran, in 2014. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 patients with diabetes. The patients were divided into two groups (intervention and control). Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables, constructs of HBM, and the Morisky self-report questionnaire. The intervention group were divided into 5 groups including 8-12 patients, and according to the HBM, education was performed in four 60-90 minute sessions during one month. One month after the intervention, data were collected again and analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: There was a significant difference in mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived efficacy, and cues to action between intervention and control groups after the intervention. Medication adherence was significantly related to the level of education (P=0.006). Among constructs of HBM, perceived self-efficiency was the strongest predicting factor (P=0.03). After the intervention, the mean scores of perceived sensitivity (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived benefits (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P<0.001), perceived self-efficiency (P<0.0001), cue to action (P<0.0001), and medication adherence (P<0.0001) increased significantly. Conclusion: Education based on the HBM was effective in increasing adherence to medical instructions in patients with type 2 diabetes

Elevated factor VIII activity and venous thromboembolism in patients referred to the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization: A case control study

ObjectiveA high plasma level of factor eight (FVIII) is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since, there was no report about the association of elevated FVIII and VTE in Iranian population, the incidence of elevated FVIII and its association to VTE was evaluated.Materials and methods152 consecutive idiopathic VTE patients referred to the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) and 130 healthy matched blood donors were studied. At least one confirmed idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) was found among all cases. The blood samples were collected at least 3 months after DVT/PE diagnosis. The normal reference range was determined by using the Control samples of the donors. FVIII levels were measured using PTT based one-staged assay.ResultsThe FVIII levels in the cases and controls were 157.3±53.4 and 111.8±29.7, respectively. In cases, the lowest and the highest levels of FVIII were 66IU/dl and 364IU/dl, while they were 42IU/dl and 195IU/dl for the controls.There was no relation between gender, age and FVIII level in either group. The normal reference range for the controls was 52–171IU/dl. Considering the cut-off point as 180IU/dl, the elevated values were seen in 28.9% of the case group vs. 3.1% of the control group.ConclusionElevated factor VIII is likely to be a risk factor for VTE. Moreover, a new normal reference range for the Iranian population was defined

Breast Self – examination Predictors based on Precede Model: a study on female active health volunteers in Zarand City

Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is still the most common malignancy leading to women mortality worldwide and late diagnosis of breast cancer is still one of the main causes of death in affected women. One of the ways of early detection of breast cancer is breast self – examination. The aim of this study was to determine predicting factors of breast self - examination in female active health volunteers of Zarand/ Iran based on Precede model. Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, all participants of active heath volunteer program in health centers of zarand (110 women) were recruited. Data were collected using a researcher – made questionnaire consisted of two sections of demographic information and constructs of Precede model. Data were analyzed through SPSS22 and by using descriptive statistics (distribution and central tendency, frequency and percent) and analytic statistics (logistic regression). Results: Mean age of participants was 37.76 ± 9.75 years and 81.8 % of them were married. Among Precede constructs, predisposing factors (self-efficacy: OR=1.46 and knowledge: OR=1.30) had the highest predicting role. Performing breast self - examination showed significant relationship with level of education (OR=0.01), family history of breast cancer (OR=0.02) and marital status (OR=0.04). Conclusion: Since predisposing factors were the most important predicting factors for breast - self-examination, in planning health education programs, more attention should be paid to improving women's self - efficacy and increasing their awareness about breast self – examination. Key¬words: Breast Self - Examination, Precede Model, Predicting, Health Volunteers Citation: Khaleghi Mahani H, Fadakar MM, Ahmadi Tabatabaei SV, Mirzai M, Poursharifei A. Breast Self – examination Predictors based on Precede Model: a study on female active health volunteers in Zarand City. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 3(1): 71-85

Factors contributing to the burnout of the faculties of a medical university in Iran: A cross‐sectional study

Background and aims: Faculty members confront a variety of obstacles over time, the most recent of which is the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which may increase their vulnerability to burnout (BO). This study aims to examine BO in medical school faculties, as well as the factors that lead to BO and well‐being in them. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2021 using online questionnaires completed by 222 faculty members of a medical university in Iran. The Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS) and the Well‐being index (WBI) were used. Additionally, we gathered individual‐level profiles (demographic, well‐being) and occupational information (job profile, attitude toward work). Results: A total of 60 (27%) faculties reported having high BO, and 112 (50.5%) reported having low well‐being. Being female (odds ratio, OR = 2.69), having time to spend with the family (OR = .26), the intent of turnover (OR = 8.65), job recommendation to the offspring (OR = .26), and experiencing violence last year (OR = 2.97) were some of the individual‐level factors and job‐related attitudes associated with a higher BO. In the neural network for BO, the most important variables were the intention of turnover, followed by adequate family time. Conclusion: One third of the responding faculty reported severe BO, and BO was found to be significantly associated with lower well‐being. The increased levels of BO and a decreased experience of well‐being were both associated with a higher intention of turnover. According to the study, it is important to pay attention to both clinical and nonclinical field faculty members, female faculty members, those who have a high workload, and members who have experienced violence in the workplace. By acknowledging the unique challenges and experiences faced by these individuals, tailored measures can be developed to address their specific concerns and foster a supportive and inclusive environment

Evaluation of polymorphism of P53 protein codon 72 in oral lichen planus by PCR technique

Background. Our research was aimed to study p53 protein codon 72 polymorphism, a single base pair change of either arginine (Arg; CGC) or proline (Pro; CCC) that creates 3 distinct genotypes in reticular oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison to oral SCC which is the most common oral mucosal malignancy as positive control and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) lesion as negative control. Methods. Seventy paraffin-embedded tissue samples (30 OLP, 20 OSCC and 20 IFH) were studied. DNA was purified and amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect polymorphism. The final amplified products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test and odds ratio. Results. The mean ages in the OLP, OSCC and IFH groups were 43.28, 58.2 and 53.47 years, respectively, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in gender between the three groups (P=0.413); however, the differences in genotypes and alleles were significant between the three groups (P=0.021 and P=0.030, respectively). By considering IFH as a reference, the frequency of proline allele in OLP and OSCC was significantly higher than that of arginine allele (P=0.015 and P=0.028, respectively). In addition, by considering OSCC as a reference and at P=1, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between OSCC and OLP. Conclusion. The results might indicate the premalignant potential of OLP, and such polymorphism might be a genetic predisposing factor for conversion of OLP to OSCC. In addition, in the subjects evaluated the proline allele was considered a risk factor

Predicting successful trading in the West Texas Intermediate crude oil cash market with machine learning nature-inspired swarm-based approaches

The subject of predicting global crude oil prices is well recognized in academic circles. The notion of hybrid modeling suggests that the integration of several methodologies has the potential to optimize advantages while reducing limitations. Consequently, hybrid techniques are extensively used in contemporary research. In this paper, a novel decompose-ensemble prediction approach is proposed by integrating various optimization algorithms, namely biography-based optimization (BBO), backtracking search algorithm (BSA), teaching-learning-based algorithm (TLBO), cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), multi-verse optimization (MVO), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Furthermore, the aforementioned approaches, namely BBO-MLP, BSA-MLP, and TLBO-MLP, include the de-compose-ensemble technique into the individual artificial intelligence model in order to enhance the accuracy of predictions. In order to validate the findings, the forecast is conducted using the authoritative data on oil prices. This study will use three primary indicators, including EMA 20, EMA 60, EMA 100, ROC, and AUC assessments, to assess and evaluate the efficacy of the five methodologies under investigation. The below findings are derived from the conducted research: Based on the achieved AUC values of 0.9567 and 0.9429, it can be concluded that using a multi-verse optimization technique is considered the most suitable strategy for effectively handling the dataset pertaining to crude oil revenue. The next four approaches likewise have a significant AUC value, surpassing 0.8. The AUC values for the BBO-MLP, BSA-MLP, TLBO-MLP, and COA-MLP approaches were obtained as follows: (0.874 and 0.792) for training and testing stages, (0.809 and 0.792) for training and testing stages, (0.9353 and 0.9237) for training and testing stages, and (0.9092 and 0.8927) for training and testing stages, respectively. This model has the potential to contribute to the resolution of default probability and is very valuable to the credit card industry. Broadly speaking, this novel forecasting approach serves as a notable predictor of crude oil prices

Substance Abuse and its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Southeast of Iran

Background: The data on the prevalence of substance abuse in Iranian pregnant women is scarce in the current literature. This study investigated the prevalence of and the factors associated with substance abuse among pregnant women, and compared self-reported use with urine test results. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data for 2000 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital in the southeast of Iran. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics and the patterns of substance use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with opiate use. A subsample (200 women) was randomly selected to provide urine samples for toxicological screening. Findings: The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse and tobacco smoking was 15% and 31%, respectively. Overall, 3.3% of the participants reported using at least one substance during the previous month. One third of pregnant women reported using substances as a home remedy for treatment of pregnancy related health problems. Overall, 23% of the urine screening tests were positive. The agreement between self-reported substance abuse and the results of the urine tests was poor. Factors associated with opiates use in pregnant women were age at the first pregnancy of less than 20 years, living in rural areas, unwanted pregnancy, lack of healthcare during pregnancy, and having a spouse and/or first-degree family member with substance abuse. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of substance abuse among the studied women. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach to provide preventive educational programs during pregnancy, and interviews and urinary screening of all pregnant women is recommended