Projeção continental do Brasil

3 ed.FINEPUFRJFUJBIBEPFAPERJME

FLORÍSTICA E ECOLOGIA DE SAMAMBAIAS E LICÓFITAS COMO INDICADORES DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL

O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a diversidade florística e os padrões ecológicos de samambaias e licófitas do Parque Ecológico Gunnar Vingren como elementos indicadores a conservação ambiental. Foi analisada a composição florística e os padrões ecológicos pela forma de vida, tipo de substrato e habitat. Foram registradas 12 famílias, 22 gêneros e 28 espécies, sendo Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco & Vasc., a única representante das licófitas. Pteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae e Polypodiaceae apresentaram o maior número de espécies e Thelypteris Schmidel, Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm, Didymoglossum Desv. e Microgramma C. Presl com mais espécies. A forma de vida epífita foi dominante em 46,5% das espécies; o tipo de substrato mais comum foi o corticícola com 46,5% e a floresta de várzea registrou 32% do total das espécies. A composição de espécies exclusivas em determinado habitat contribuiu como indicativo do grau de conservação e perturbação no ambiente, portanto, necessários para o planejamento ambiental do Parque.Palavras-chave: epífitas, parque urbano, ecossistemas amazônicos.The objective of the research was to characterize the floristic diversity and ecological patterns of ferns and lycophytes Ecological Park Gunnar Vingren as elements bookmarks environmental conservation. Floristic composition and ecological standards for the way of life, type of substrate and habitat was analyzed. 12 families, 22 genera and 28 species being Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco &Vasc were recorded. The only representative of the lycophytes. Pteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Polypodiaceae had the highest number of species and Thelypteris Schmidel, Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm, Didymoglossum Desv. and Microgramma C. Presl and more species. The form of epiphytic life was dominant in 46.5% of the species; the most common type of substrate corticícola with 46.5% and floodplain forest with 32% of total species. The unique composition of species in a given habitat contributes to indicate the level of disturbance in conservation and environment, so necessary for environmental planning of the Park.Keywords: epiphytes; urban park; amazonian ecosystems.

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis acquired in an HIV-positive patient

The disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare genodermatosis, autosomal recessive in most cases, characterized by susceptibility to infection by types of HPV of the genus β (EV-HPV) that do not occur in immunocompetent clinics. With the increased survival of immunosuppressed patients, especially with AIDS, a form of the disease called epidermodysplasia verruciformis acquired from a clinician similar to the genetic disease has been reduced, but challenging to manage, since an antiretroviral therapy leads to a cutaneous one, making patients more resistant to any treatment modality

An Epidemic of Sylvatic Yellow Fever in the Southeast Region of Maranhao State, Brazil, 1993–1994: Epidemiologic and Entomologic Findings

Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil/ Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement. Marseille, France.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil / Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement. Marseille, France.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Yellow fever virus transmission was very active in Maranhao State in Brazil in 1993 and 1994. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of the epidemic. In 1993, a total of 932 people was examined for yellow fever from Maranhao: 70 were positive serologically, histopathologically, and/or by virus isolation, and another four cases were diagnosed clinically and epidemiologically. In Mirador (17,565 inhabitants), the incidence was 3.5 per 1,000 people (case fatality rate [number of deaths/number of cases diagnosed] = 16.4 percent), while in a rural yellow fever risk area (14,659 inhabitants), the incidence was 4.2 and the case-fatality rate was 16.1 percent (10 of 62). A total of 45.2 percent (28 of 62) asymptomatic infections were registered. In 1994, 49 serum samples were obtained and 16 cases were confirmed (two by virus isolation, two by seroconversion, and 12 by serology). No fatal cases were reported. In 1993, 936 potential yellow fever vectors were captured in Mirador and a single strain was isolated from a pool of Haemagogus janthinomys (infection rate = 0.16 percent). In 1994, 16 strains were isolated from 1,318 Hg. janthinomys (infection rate = 1.34 percent) and one Sabethes chloropterus (infection rate = 1.67 percent). Our results suggest that this was the most extensive outbreak of yellow fever in the last 20 years in Brazil. It is also clear that the lack of vaccination was the principal reason for the epidemic, which occurred between April and June, during the rainy season, a period in which the mosquito population in the forest increases

Contextual and individual factors associated with dental services utilisation by Brazilian adults: A multilevel analysis

BACKGROUND: Inequalities in the utilisation of dental services in Brazil are remarkable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of contextual and individual factors with the utilisation of dental services by Brazilian adults using the Andersen's behavioural model. METHODS: Individual-level data from 27,017 adults residents in the State capitals who were interviewed in the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey were pooled with contextual city-level data. The outcomes were non-utilisation of dental services and last dental visit over 12 months ago. Individual predisposing variables were age, sex, race/skin colour, schooling and social network. Individual enabling variables included income, health insurance and registration in primary health care. Individual need variables were self-perceived dental health and self-reported missing teeth. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the association of contextual and individual predisposing, enabling and need-related variables with dental services outcomes. RESULTS: Predisposing (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and enabling (OR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.96) contextual factors were associated with non-utilisation of dental services. Individual predisposing (sex, race/skin colour, schooling), enabling (income, health insurance) and need (self-perceived oral health, missing teeth) were associated with non-utilisation of dental services and last dental visit over 12 months ago. The latter was also associated with other individual predisposing (age, social network) and need (eating difficulties due to oral problems) characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Individual and contextual determinants influenced dental services utilisation in Brazilian adults. These factors should be on the policy agenda and considered in the organisation of health services aiming to reduce oral health inequalities related to access and utilisation of dental services

Planning oral health care using the sociodental approach and the index of family living conditions: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Oral health care needs assessment is frequently restricted to clinical measures. Combining normative assessment, behavioural propensity, oral health-related quality of life and information of family living conditions may provide a better comprehensive approach of adolescent's oral health needs assessment. The aim of this study was to compare normative methods of dental caries need with the sociodental approach in 12-year-old adolescents according to family's living conditions in a deprived community in Brazil. In addition, dental caries need assessment using the normative method and the sociodental approach was compared between adolescents living in different living conditions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Manguinhos community in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A weighted sample of 159 participants was randomly selected to represent the population of 2004 12-year-old adolescents. Socioeconomic characteristics and living conditions of the family were assessed using the Family Development Index (FDI). Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the generic and CS-Child-OIDP, and adolescent's propensity to adopt oral health promoting behaviours was verified through interviews. Dental caries and treatment need were assessed normatively by clinical oral examinations (DMFT Index) and adolescents were classified into two groups (non severe or severe caries). The sociodental approach included clinical measures of caries, propensity to adopt oral health promoting behaviors and OHRQoL. Families were classified based on the FDI as 'not severe', 'severe' and 'very severe'. Measures of caries, OHRQoL and propensity outcomes were compared between FDI groups using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In addition, dental treatment needs using normative method and sociodental approach were compared for the whole sample and according to FDI groups. RESULTS: Dental caries, OHRQoL and lower propensity needs were positively associated with FDI severity. The percentages of adolescents with normative dental needs from families with 'very severe', 'severe' and 'not severe' FDI were 59.3, 48.4 and 17.2 % (P < 0.05). Using the sociodental approach, the treatment needs for the three FDI groups decreased to 8.8, 13.6 and 8.6 %, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using a combination of sociodental approach and the index of family living conditions was useful for defining dental care priorities in adolescents living in deprived communities and can optimise the use of resources in dental services

The different effects of neighbourhood and individual social capital on health-compromising behaviours in women during pregnancy: A multi-level analysis

Background: This study assessed clustering of three health-compromising behaviours and explored the association of neighbourhood and individual social capital with simultaneous health-compromising behaviours and patterns of those behaviours in women in the first trimester of pregnancy (baseline) and during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (follow-up). Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on a representative sample of women recruited in antenatal care units grouped in 46 neighbourhoods from Brazil. Neighbourhood-level measures (social capital and socioeconomic status), individual social capital (social support and social networks) and socio-demographic variables were collected at baseline. Smoking, alcohol consumption and inadequate diet were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Clustering was assessed using an observed to expected ratio method. The association of contextual and individual social capital with the health-compromising behaviours outcomes was analyzed through multilevel multivariate regression models. Results: Clustering of the three health-compromising behaviours as well as of smoking and alcohol consumption were identified at both baseline and follow-up periods. Neighbourhood social capital did not influence the occurrence of simultaneous health-compromising behaviours. More health-compromising behaviours in both periods was inversely associated with low levels of individual social capital. Low individual social capital predicted smoking during whole pregnancy, while high individual social capital increased the likelihood of stopping smoking and improving diet during pregnancy. Maintaining an inadequate diet during pregnancy was influenced by low individual and neighbourhood social capital. Conclusions: Three health-compromising behaviours are relatively common and cluster in Brazilian women throughout pregnancy. Low individual social capital significantly predicted simultaneous health-compromising behaviours and patterns of smoking and inadequate diet during pregnancy while low neighbourhood social capital was only relevant for inadequate diet. These findings suggest that interventions focusing on reducing multiple behaviours should be part of antenatal care throughout pregnancy. Individual and contextual social resources should be considered when planning the interventions

"Pavement Layer Thickness Evaluation"

The following report demonstrates the accuracy of using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to determine both the surface layer thickness for asphalt, and concrete pavements. In addition tests were conducted to identify GPR&rsquo;s repeatability on dry pavements, GPR&rsquo;s ability to determine pavement layer thicknesses in wet conditions, and an attempt was made to determine the number of actual field cores necessary to accurately post-process radar data into thickness values. The equipment used to perform these evaluations was Geophysical Survey Systems Inc.&rsquo;s model SIR 10B with the model 4108 (1 GHz.) air-launched horn antenna. Preliminary results indicate that when ground truth cores were used, GPR calculated thicknesses varied from actual core thicknesses by: Asphalt less than two inches: o +/-10.32% to +/-0.40% o +/-0.20 to +/-0.01 inches Asphalt bases of eight to nine inches: o +/-2.73% to +/-1.34% o +/-0.24 to +/-0.12 inches Concrete nine to twelve inches: o +/-14.24 to +/-0.05% o +/-1.66 to +/-0.01 inches The results from the additional test mentioned above may be found inside this report

Investigação da estrutura fatorial da Escala de Dimensão Causal II (CDS II)

Las atribuciones de causa influyen decisivamente en la motivación y el rendimiento de los atletas. Entre las escalas desarroladas para medir las atribuciones de causa de los altetas, la Escala de Dimensión Causal II (CDS II) ha sido ampliamente utilizada, mostrando buen nivel de validez y confiabilidad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la estructura factorial de la versión brasileña de la CDS II. Doscientos y un atletas federados, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 12 y 17 años (Media de 14,7 ) y de cuatro modalidades deportivas diferentes, evaluaron sus rendimientos utilizando la versión en português de la CDS II. Fue realizado incialmente um análisis de los Componentes Principales (PC) seguido de la extracción y rotación de tres y cuatro factores por el Método de los Ejes Principales (PAF) y del critério de rotación oblicua (Direct OBLIMIN). Diferente de la estructura de cuatro factores hallada en la versión original de la CDS II, la versión brasileña reveló tres factores: control personal, control externo y estabilidad. Mientras los factores control externo y estabilidad se mentuvieron como los originales, el factor control personal de la versión brasileña integró parcialmente items de los factores control personal y causalidad de la versión original. La estructura factorial encontrada en la versión brasileña es semejante a la propuesta por la Teoría de Atribucional de Weiner. Los resultados muestran que la escala CDS II tiene una consistencia interna y validez de constructo tales que permiten la evaluación de como los indivíduos perciben las causas de su conducta