140 research outputs found

    Identification of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper as a key regulator of tumor cell proliferation in epithelial ovarian cancer

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known about the molecules that contribute to tumor progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), currently a leading cause of mortality from gynecological malignancies. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ), an intracellular protein widely expressed in immune tissues, has been reported in epithelial tissues and controls some of key signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. However, there has been no report on GILZ in EOC up to now. The objectives of the current study were to examine the expression of GILZ in EOC and its effect on tumor cell proliferation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GILZ expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining in tissue sections from 3 normal ovaries, 7 benign EOC and 50 invasive EOC. GILZ was not detected on the surface epithelium of normal ovaries and benign tumors. In contrast, it was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 80% EOC specimens. GILZ immunostaining scores correlated positively to the proliferation marker Ki-67 (Spearman test in univariate analysis, <it>P </it>< 0.00001, r = 0.56). They were also higher in tumor cells containing large amounts of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) (unpaired t test, <it>P </it>< 0.0001). To assess the effect of GILZ on proliferation and AKT activation, we used the BG-1 cell line derived from ovarian tumor cells as a cellular model. GILZ expression was either enhanced by stable transfection or decreased by the use of small interfering (si) RNA targeting GILZ. We found that GILZ increased cell proliferation, phospho-AKT cellular content and AKT kinase activity. Further, GILZ upregulated cyclin D1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb), downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and promoted the entry into S phase of cell cycle.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study is the first to identify GILZ as a molecule produced by ovarian cancer cells that promotes cell cycle progression and proliferation. Our findings clearly indicate that GILZ activates AKT, a crucial signaling molecule in tumorigenesis. GILZ thus appears as a potential key molecule in EOC.</p

    Influence of the stroma and the mesenchymal stem cells on the epithelial ovarian cancer spreading and resistance to treatment

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    Le cancer Ă©pithĂ©lial de l’ovaire (EOC) a la particularitĂ© d’ĂȘtre diagnostiquĂ© Ă  un stade avancĂ© chez 75% des patientes et de rĂ©cidiver dans un grand nombre de cas malgrĂ© une bonne rĂ©ponse initiale Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie, expliquant ainsi son pronostic sombre. Le rĂŽle du microenvironnement tumoral semble ĂȘtre de premier plan dans le dĂ©veloppement et la survie des cellules cancĂ©reuses mais il existe encore peu de donnĂ©es concernant les cellules mĂ©senchymateuses souches (MSC). Dans ce travail nous avons donc cherchĂ© Ă  dĂ©terminer les mĂ©canismes molĂ©culaires entre les MSC et les cellules tumorales ovariennes. Dans la premiĂšre partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence l’émergence d’un profile pro-mĂ©tastatique des cellules tumorales ovariennes aprĂšs contact avec les MSC. Nous avons ensuite dĂ©veloppĂ© un modĂšle d’infiltration tumorale 3D rĂ©vĂ©lant que les MSC augmentaient la dissĂ©mination tumorale ovarienne par la sĂ©crĂ©tion d’IL6. Enfin nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que les MSC Ă©taient capables d’induire chez les cellules tumorales ovariennes un phĂ©notype thermotolĂ©rant liĂ© Ă  la sĂ©crĂ©tion CXCL12. Ces donnĂ©es vont donc toutes dans le mĂȘme sens en dĂ©montrant les propriĂ©tĂ©s pro-tumorales des MSC et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de thĂ©rapies ciblant les interactions entre le stroma et la tumeur.Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are diagnosed with advanced stage in 75% of cases and most of them will relapse despite a good primary response to chemotherapy, thus explaining the bad prognosis of EOC. While tumor microenvironment seems to play an important role for the development and survival of cancer cells, there is only few data regarding the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in EOC. In this work we therefore aimed at identifying the molecular determinant between MSC and ovarian cancer cells. In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells acquired pro-metastatic profile upon contact with MSC. We then showed that MSC could enhance ovarian cancer cells infiltration through IL6 secretion in an amniochorionic membrane based 3D model. Finally we showed that MSC could protect ovarian cancer cells from hyperthermia through CXCL12 secretion. Taken together, our data are concordant to reveal the pro-tumoral properties of MSC. Cytokine inhibitors interrupting the cross-talk between OCC and MSC should now be tested as new therapies for EOC

    Influence du stroma et des cellules souches mésenchymateuses sur la dissémination et la résistance au traitement des carcinomes ovariens épithéliaux

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    Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are diagnosed with advanced stage in 75% of cases and most of them will relapse despite a good primary response to chemotherapy, thus explaining the bad prognosis of EOC. While tumor microenvironment seems to play an important role for the development and survival of cancer cells, there is only few data regarding the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in EOC. In this work we therefore aimed at identifying the molecular determinant between MSC and ovarian cancer cells. In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells acquired pro-metastatic profile upon contact with MSC. We then showed that MSC could enhance ovarian cancer cells infiltration through IL6 secretion in an amniochorionic membrane based 3D model. Finally we showed that MSC could protect ovarian cancer cells from hyperthermia through CXCL12 secretion. Taken together, our data are concordant to reveal the pro-tumoral properties of MSC. Cytokine inhibitors interrupting the cross-talk between OCC and MSC should now be tested as new therapies for EOC.Le cancer Ă©pithĂ©lial de l’ovaire (EOC) a la particularitĂ© d’ĂȘtre diagnostiquĂ© Ă  un stade avancĂ© chez 75% des patientes et de rĂ©cidiver dans un grand nombre de cas malgrĂ© une bonne rĂ©ponse initiale Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie, expliquant ainsi son pronostic sombre. Le rĂŽle du microenvironnement tumoral semble ĂȘtre de premier plan dans le dĂ©veloppement et la survie des cellules cancĂ©reuses mais il existe encore peu de donnĂ©es concernant les cellules mĂ©senchymateuses souches (MSC). Dans ce travail nous avons donc cherchĂ© Ă  dĂ©terminer les mĂ©canismes molĂ©culaires entre les MSC et les cellules tumorales ovariennes. Dans la premiĂšre partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence l’émergence d’un profile pro-mĂ©tastatique des cellules tumorales ovariennes aprĂšs contact avec les MSC. Nous avons ensuite dĂ©veloppĂ© un modĂšle d’infiltration tumorale 3D rĂ©vĂ©lant que les MSC augmentaient la dissĂ©mination tumorale ovarienne par la sĂ©crĂ©tion d’IL6. Enfin nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que les MSC Ă©taient capables d’induire chez les cellules tumorales ovariennes un phĂ©notype thermotolĂ©rant liĂ© Ă  la sĂ©crĂ©tion CXCL12. Ces donnĂ©es vont donc toutes dans le mĂȘme sens en dĂ©montrant les propriĂ©tĂ©s pro-tumorales des MSC et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de thĂ©rapies ciblant les interactions entre le stroma et la tumeur

    Impact de la chirurgie de clÎture sur les complications et la survie des stades localement avancés de cancer du col utérin

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    Introduction : L objectif de ce travail Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer les complications et les facteurs pronostiques des patientes traitĂ©es par une chirurgie de clĂŽture aprĂšs radiochimiothĂ©rapie concomitante (RCC) pour un cancer du col de stade avancĂ©.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Les patientes ayant les critĂšres d inclusion suivant ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es : un cancer du col de stade IB2-IVA ; une tumeur initialement radiologiquement limitĂ©e Ă  la cavitĂ© pelvienne ; une RCC comprenant une radiothĂ©rapie externe de 45 Gy dans la cavitĂ© pelvienne associĂ©e Ă  une chimiothĂ©rapie (cisplatine 40 mg/m /semaine) suivi d une curiethĂ©rapie utĂ©ro-vaginale ; une chirurgie de clĂŽture dans les 2 mois aprĂšs la RCC avec au minimum une hystĂ©rectomie.RĂ©sultats : Cent cinquante patientes traitĂ©es entre 1997 et 2007 ont Ă©tĂ© incluses dans cette Ă©tude. Trente sept patientes (25%) ont eu 55 complications post-opĂ©ratoires dont 17 ayant nĂ©cessitĂ© une reprise radiologique ou chirurgicale et 2 dĂ©cĂšs. La prĂ©sence d un rĂ©sidu tumoral histologique et le type de chirurgie (Ă©largissement de l hystĂ©rectomie et l utilisation de la cƓlioscopie) Ă©taient statistiquement associĂ©s Ă  un taux plus important de complications en analyse multivariĂ©e. Un envahissement ganglionnaire pelvien a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© chez 19 patientes et un envahissement ganglionnaire lombo-aortique chez 19 patientes Ă©galement. Une stĂ©rilisation complĂšte du col a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e chez 72 patientes (48%). La survie Ă©tait de 91% Ă  1 et 71% Ă  5 ans. Les facteurs pronostiques majeurs tant en survie globale que sans rĂ©cidive Ă©taient la rĂ©ponse histologique et l envahissement ganglionnaire. Conclusion : Dans cette sĂ©rie, la morbiditĂ© de la chirurgie de clĂŽture est trĂšs importante, alors que l impact thĂ©rapeutique de cette chirurgie n est toujours pas prouvĂ©. La prĂ©sence et la taille du rĂ©sidu tumoral ainsi que la prĂ©sence d un envahissement ganglionnaire Ă©taient les facteurs pronostiques les plus importants. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l allongement de la survie des patientes traitĂ©es par RCC pour un cancer du col utĂ©rin de stade avancĂ© pourrait ĂȘtre obtenue si le taux de rĂ©ponse complĂšte dans les zones irradiĂ©es (cervicales et ganglionnaires) pouvait ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morbidity rate and prognostic factors of patients undergoing completion surgery for locally advanced stage cervical cancer after an initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Patients and methods: Patients fulfilling following inclusion criteria were studied: stage IB2-IVA cervical carcinoma; tumor confined radiologically initially to the pelvic cavity during conventional imaging; pelvic external radiation therapy with delivery of 45 Gy in pelvic cavity with concomitant chemotherapy (cisplatin 40 mg/m /week) followed by utero-vaginal brachytherapy; completion surgery after the end of radiation therapy including at least a hysterectomy. Results: One-hundred and fifty patients treated between 1998 and 2007 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven (25%) patients had 55 post-operative complications (in whom 17 severe morbidity requiring surgical or radiological treatment). Two deaths related to postoperative morbidity were observed. During the multivariate analysis of risk factors of postoperative complications, the presence of histological residual disease and the type of surgery (radicality of the hysterectomy and the use of laparoscopic approach) were statistically associated with overall complication rate. Nineteen patients had pelvic nodes involved and 19 had para-aortic nodes involved. Seventy two patients (48%) had complete sterilization of the cervix, 38 had residual disease (RD) 1 cm. Prognostic factors in multivariate analysis was the presence of nodal spread (and the level of nodal spread) and the presence and size RD in the cervix. Conclusion: In the present series, the morbidity of completion surgery is very high in this group of patients treated using initial CRT for locally advanced cervical cancer whereas the therapeutic value of such surgery still remains unproved today. The presence and size of RD and histologic nodal involvement were strongest prognostic factors. Such results suggest that improvement of the survival of patients treated using CRT for locally advanced cervical cancer could be potentially observed trying to improve the rate of complete response in irradiated area (cervix or pelvic nodes)PARIS12-CRETEIL BU MĂ©decine (940282101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Auto-évaluation des internes de médecine générale de l Université Paris Est Créteil (en fin de cursus dans des situations types gynécologie-obstétrique)

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    Introduction La gynĂ©cologie fait partie intĂ©grante de l activitĂ© du mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. Cette activitĂ© tend Ă  augmenter du fait de la pĂ©nurie annoncĂ©e des gynĂ©cologues-obstĂ©triciens. L objectif de ce travail Ă©tait donc de rĂ©aliser une auto-Ă©valuation des compĂ©tences des internes de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale en fin de cursus dans des situations de soins types en gynĂ©cologie-obstĂ©trique. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode Une enquĂȘte d opinion a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e auprĂšs des Ă©tudiants en troisiĂšme cycle des Ă©tudes mĂ©dicales (TCEM3) de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale de l UniversitĂ© Paris-Est CrĂ©teil des promotions 2011/2012 et 2010/2011. Soixante-dix Ă©tudiants ont Ă©tĂ© invitĂ©s Ă  rĂ©pondre au questionnaire via internet, Ă©valuant leur capacitĂ© Ă  faire face Ă  des situations de soins types en gynĂ©cologie-obstĂ©trique. Ce questionnaire se divise en trois parties : (i) situation professionnelle et cursus universitaire des Ă©tudiants ; (ii) une auto-Ă©valuation des compĂ©tences des Ă©tudiants dans six situations de soins se rapportant Ă  la gynĂ©cologie comme la contraception, la mĂ©nopause, la grossesse, le dĂ©pistage et la prĂ©vention du cancer du sein, les infections sexuellement transmissibles, explorĂ©es Ă  travers 12 items ; (iii) un recueil des suggestions visant Ă  amĂ©liorer les compĂ©tences. Une analyse statistique nous a permis de rechercher s il existait des facteurs pouvant influencer les scores de compĂ©tences des Ă©tudiants. Une analyse statistique multivariĂ©e a inclus tous les facteurs significatifs en analyse univariĂ©e. RĂ©sultats Cinquante-sept Ă©tudiants sur 70 (81.4%) ont participĂ© au sondage. Sur les 12 items, les Ă©tudiants se sentent tout Ă  fait ou assez compĂ©tents dans 73% des cas en moyenne. En analyse univariĂ©e, les Ă©tudiants salariĂ©s et les Ă©tudiants ayant effectuĂ© un stage ambulatoire en soins primaires en autonomie supervisĂ©e (SASPAS) influençaient positivement les scores dePARIS12-CRETEIL BU MĂ©decine (940282101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Influence du stroma et des cellules souches mésenchymateuses sur la dissémination et la résistance au traitement des carcinomes ovariens épithéliaux

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    Le cancer Ă©pithĂ©lial de l ovaire (EOC) a la particularitĂ© d ĂȘtre diagnostiquĂ© Ă  un stade avancĂ© chez 75% des patientes et de rĂ©cidiver dans un grand nombre de cas malgrĂ© une bonne rĂ©ponse initiale Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie, expliquant ainsi son pronostic sombre. Le rĂŽle du microenvironnement tumoral semble ĂȘtre de premier plan dans le dĂ©veloppement et la survie des cellules cancĂ©reuses mais il existe encore peu de donnĂ©es concernant les cellules mĂ©senchymateuses souches (MSC). Dans ce travail nous avons donc cherchĂ© Ă  dĂ©terminer les mĂ©canismes molĂ©culaires entre les MSC et les cellules tumorales ovariennes. Dans la premiĂšre partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence l Ă©mergence d un profile pro-mĂ©tastatique des cellules tumorales ovariennes aprĂšs contact avec les MSC. Nous avons ensuite dĂ©veloppĂ© un modĂšle d infiltration tumorale 3D rĂ©vĂ©lant que les MSC augmentaient la dissĂ©mination tumorale ovarienne par la sĂ©crĂ©tion d IL6. Enfin nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que les MSC Ă©taient capables d induire chez les cellules tumorales ovariennes un phĂ©notype thermotolĂ©rant liĂ© Ă  la sĂ©crĂ©tion CXCL12. Ces donnĂ©es vont donc toutes dans le mĂȘme sens en dĂ©montrant les propriĂ©tĂ©s pro-tumorales des MSC et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de thĂ©rapies ciblant les interactions entre le stroma et la tumeur.Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are diagnosed with advanced stage in 75% of cases and most of them will relapse despite a good primary response to chemotherapy, thus explaining the bad prognosis of EOC. While tumor microenvironment seems to play an important role for the development and survival of cancer cells, there is only few data regarding the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in EOC. In this work we therefore aimed at identifying the molecular determinant between MSC and ovarian cancer cells. In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells acquired pro-metastatic profile upon contact with MSC. We then showed that MSC could enhance ovarian cancer cells infiltration through IL6 secretion in an amniochorionic membrane based 3D model. Finally we showed that MSC could protect ovarian cancer cells from hyperthermia through CXCL12 secretion. Taken together, our data are concordant to reveal the pro-tumoral properties of MSC. Cytokine inhibitors interrupting the cross-talk between OCC and MSC should now be tested as new therapies for EOC.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Comparaison de deux scores EHP-5 et SF-36 dans la prédiction de la qualité de vie des patientes atteintes d' endométriose profonde

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    Des questionnaires gĂ©nĂ©ralistes et spĂ©cifiques sont actuellement utilisĂ©s pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© de vie des patientes atteintes d endomĂ©triose profonde. Nous ne savons pas Ă  l heure actuelle quel type de questionnaire est le plus pertinent. L objectif de cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© d Ă©valuer deux types de questionnaires sur une population de patientes atteintes d endomĂ©triose profonde.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : cent quatre vingt dix patientes atteintes d endomĂ©triose clinique et radiologique ont rĂ©pondu de maniĂšre prospective Ă  un questionnaire portant sur les symptĂŽmes, le SF-36 et l EHP-5. Nous avons recherchĂ© une corrĂ©lation entre les symptĂŽmes des patientes, les localisations d endomĂ©triose (examen clinique et IRM) et la qualitĂ© de vie Ă©valuĂ©e par les diffĂ©rents questionnaires, et comparĂ© leur pertinence. L analyse statistique a Ă©tĂ© faite Ă  l aide du logiciel R. Les tests de student, wilcoxon, chi 2 et exact de Fisher ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© en fonction des situations. L analyse multivariĂ©e a inclus les facteurs significatifs en analyse univariĂ©e.RĂ©sultats : la composante physique (PCS) du questionnaire gĂ©nĂ©raliste SF-36 Ă©tait la mieux corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la prĂ©sence des diffĂ©rents symptĂŽmes cardinaux d endomĂ©triose. Les questionnaires SF-36 et EHP-5 Ă©taient trĂšs bien corrĂ©lĂ©s, et de maniĂšre Ă©quivalente, Ă  l intensitĂ© des symptĂŽmes. Aucun questionnaire n Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la localisation des lĂ©sions Ă  l IRM. En analyse univariĂ©e, l atteinte rectale Ă  l Ă©cho-endoscopie Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  une diminution de la composante physique du SF-36. En analyse multivariĂ©e, l irradiation postĂ©rieure et le PCS du SF-36 Ă©taient associĂ©s Ă  l atteinte rectale Ă  l Ă©cho-endoscopie.Conclusion : les deux questionnaires de qualitĂ© de vie semblent bien corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la prĂ©sence et Ă  l intensitĂ© des symptĂŽmes d endomĂ©triose. Le PCS du SF-36 semble plus sensible que l EHP-5 Ă  la prĂ©sence de certains symptĂŽmes, ainsi qu en cas d atteinte rectale diagnostiquĂ©e Ă  l Ă©cho-endoscopie rectalePARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): Should we look closer at the microenvironment?

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    International audienceThe age of cancer as an isolated single-cell concept is now behind us. It is now established that epithelial ovarian cancer, like other cancers, interacts with the healthy bystander cells to influence them and takes advantage of their nutritional, immunological, disseminating and other capacities. This interaction has become a therapeutic target, as shown by the numerous studies on this subject. Intraperitoneal chemo-hyperthermia has been part of the therapeutic armamentarium for some time yet its efficiency in ovarian cancer has only been recently proven in a randomized controlled trial. However, its therapeutic performance is not revolutionary and epithelial ovarian cancer maintains a high mortality. In this review, we studied the impact of HIPEC on the microenvironment and vice versa to determine whether it could be the key to this lukewarm efficacy. We began by exploring the modalities of HIPEC and establishing the reasons that make this treatment topical. Then, we examined its impact on each element of the tumor environment to obtain a global view of the resistance mechanisms at work in HIPEC

    Halfway between 2D and Animal Models: Are 3D Cultures the Ideal Tool to Study Cancer-Microenvironment Interactions?

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    An area that has come to be of tremendous interest in tumor research in the last decade is the role of the microenvironment in the biology of neoplastic diseases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises various cells that are collectively important for normal tissue homeostasis as well as tumor progression or regression. Seminal studies have demonstrated the role of the dialogue between cancer cells (at many sites) and the cellular component of the microenvironment in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Using an appropriate system of microenvironment and tumor culture is the first step towards a better understanding of the complex interaction between cancer cells and their surroundings. Three-dimensional (3D) models have been widely described recently. However, while it is claimed that they can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo, it is sometimes hard to decipher their advantage or limitation compared to classical two-dimensional (2D) cultures, especially given the broad number of techniques used. We present here a comprehensive review of the different 3D methods developed recently, and, secondly, we discuss the pros and cons of 3D culture compared to 2D when studying interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment
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