Ocjena apsorpcije, djelotvornosti protiv bakterije Escherichia coli i citotoksičnosti krutih lipidnih nanočestica s moksifloksacinom

Moxifloxacin (MOX) is an important antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of recurrent Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate its antibacterial efficiency when used with solid lipid nanoparticles (SNLs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as delivery vehicles. For this purpose we designed two SLNs (SLN1 and SLN2) and two NLCs (NLC1 and NLC2) of different characteristics (particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency) and loaded them with MOX to determine its release, antibacterial activity against E. coli, and their cytotoxicity to the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage-like cell line in vitro. With bacterial uptake of 57.29 %, SLN1 turned out to be significantly more effective than MOX given as standard solution, whereas SLN2, NLC1, and NLC2 formulations with respective bacterial uptakes of 50.74 %, 39.26 %, and 32.79 %, showed similar activity to standard MOX. Cytotoxicity testing did not reveal significant toxicity of nanoparticles, whether MOX-free or MOX-loaded, against RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings may show the way for a development of effective lipid carriers that reduce side effects and increase antibacterial treatment efficacy in view of the growing antibiotic resistance.Moksifloksacin je važan antibiotik koji se često rabi za liječenje rekurentne infekcije bakterijom Escherichia coli (E. coli). Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ocijeniti njegovu djelotvornost u formulaciji s krutim lipidnim nanočesticama (engl. solid lipid nanoparticles, krat. SNL) i nanostrukturiranim lipidnim nosačima (engl. nanostructured lipid carriers, krat. NLC) kao njegovim vehikulima. U tu smo svrhu osmislili dva SLN-a (SLN1 I SLN2) te dva NLC-a (NLC1 i NLC2) različitih svojstava (veličine čestice, raspodjele veličina, zeta potencijala i sposobnosti enkapsulacije) te ih obogatili moksifloksacinom kako bismo utvrdili njegovo otpuštanje, djelovanje protiv E. coli i citotoksičnost za makrofagnu staničnu liniju RAW 264.7 in vitro. S bakterijskom apsorpcijom od 57,29 %, SLN1 se pokazao značajno djelotvornijim vehikulom moksifloksacina od njegove standardne formulacije (otopine), a formulacije s SLN2, NLC1 odnosno NLC2 s odgovarajućim apsorpcijama od 50,74 %, 39,26 % odnosno 32,79 % iskazale su djelotvornost sličnu onoj standardnog antibiotika. Test citotoksičnosti nije pokazao značajnu toksičnost nanočestica bez obzira na to jesu li sadržavale moksifloksacin ili nisu. Naši rezultati upućuju na mogući smjer razvoja djelotvornih lipidnih nosača kojima bi se mogle smanjiti nuspojave i povećati antibakterijska djelotvornost liječenja s obzirom na sve veću bakterijsku rezistentnost

Adherence to systemic therapy in patients with psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter study

Background: Adherence to treatment is important in chronic dermatological diseases. There are limited data regarding the adherence to treatment in patients with psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: We aimed to determine the rates of adherence to systemic treatments in patients with psoriasis and to identify the causes of non-adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional multicenter study from May 2021 to August 2021. A questionnaire including items regarding sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, disease-related characteristics, and treatment-related characteristics were filled out by the physicians. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index were calculated. The rate of adherence and non-adherence to treatment and reasons for non-adherence to treatment were examined. Results: A total of 342 patients with psoriasis were included (182 male/160 female) in the study. The mean age of the patients was 45.9 ± 14.2 years. The average duration of psoriasis was 192 ± 134.7 months. While the rate of adherence to treatment was 57.6%, the rate of non-adherence to treatment was 42.4%. There were no significant differences with respect to adherence to treatment in comparison with oral and injection-therapy groups. The most frequent reasons for non-adherence to treatment were inability to go to the hospital (19.2%), concern about the COVID-19 infection (16.3%), discontinuation of the treatment by the doctor (13.7%), inability to reach the doctor (7.3%), and inability to have access to the medication (7.3%). Conclusion: Adherence to oral and injection therapies was fairly high among our patients with psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psoriasis severity and duration of medication use had a negative impact on adherence to treatment

The positioning performance of low-cost GNSS receivers in the Precise Point Positioning method

Satellite-based positioning, which started being developed in the mid-1960s for military purposes, is now used in almost every area. For the studies single and/or double frequency receivers are used. The cost of a receiver and antenna couple that have capable of high coordinate accuracies ranges from $3000 to$15000. With the production of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) receivers, the cost of satellite-based location determination decreases to approximately one in 10 for the civilian user compared to the operations performed with geodetic receivers and antennas. However, although these receivers collect data in multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and frequencies, the accuracy of the coordinate values estimated is not as high as geodetic receivers and antennas. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an accuracy study to obtain information about which studies can be used in. In this study, measurements were made at the UZEL point located on the roof of the Yıldız Technical University Geomatics Engineering Department by using the ZED-F9P-02B OEM multi GNSS receiver and ANN-MB L1/L2 multi-band GNSS patch antenna. The performance of the test results has been examined by comparing the results from CSRS(Canadian Spatial Reference System)-PPP with the coordinates of the UZEL point. As a result of the comparison, the difference between the coordinate determined with collected 3.5 hr data and the coordinates of the UZEL point has been determined as – 1.4 cm, 2.8 cm, and 9.3 cm in the East, North, and Height directions, respectivel

E-ticaretin Geleneksel Perakendecilik Üzerinden Kurumsal Muhafazası

This study analyzes the process of opening traditional, physical retail stores by e-commerce companies as institutional work of maintenance. Past research examines internal mechanisms used to maintain institutions and ignores the question of how an external, alternative institution can contribute to the maintenance of another institution. This study shows that traditional retail as a relatively old institution helps maintain e-commerce as a relatively new institution through eight different mechanisms at four levels including customers, employees, suppliers, and companies themselves. For customers, traditional stores help concretize e-commerce companies and personalize customer experience. For employees, they create new tasks and responsibilities and increase their involvement in both strategic and daily decisions. For suppliers, they develop trust by making e-commerce companies a concrete entity to do business with and promote visibility by expanding sales channels and the product range. Lastly, for companies themselves, they increase brand awareness and result in growth through additional marketing and sales opportunities. Traditional retail thus strengthens the position of e-commerce companies in the market by facilitating better relations with their customers, employees, and suppliers as well as directly contributes to the company image and growth

Institutional maintenance of e-commerce through traditional retail

This study analyzes the process of opening traditional, physical retail stores by e-commerce companies as institutional work of maintenance. Past research examines internal mechanisms used to maintain institutions and ignores the question of how an external, alternative institution can contribute to the maintenance of another institution. This study shows that traditional retail as a relatively old institution helps maintain e-commerce as a relatively new institution through eight different mechanisms at four levels including customers, employees, suppliers, and companies themselves. For customers, traditional stores help concretize e-commerce companies and personalize customer experience. For employees, they create new tasks and responsibilities and increase their involvement in both strategic and daily decisions. For suppliers, they develop trust by making e-commerce companies a concrete entity to do business with and promote visibility by expanding sales channels and the product range. Lastly, for companies themselves, they increase brand awareness and result in growth through additional marketing and sales opportunities. Traditional retail thus strengthens the position of e-commerce companies in the market by facilitating better relations with their customers, employees, and suppliers as well as directly contributes to the company image and growth

Magnetic Properties of Sm1-xTbxNi4B compounds

WOS: 000305222200047Physical properties of the Sm1-x Tb (x) Ni4B (0a parts per thousand currency signxa parts per thousand currency sign0.8) compounds have been investigated by means of the X-ray powder diffraction, AC-susceptibility and DC-magnetization techniques. All the compounds studied crystallize in CeCo4B-type structure with P6/mmm space group. The substitution of Tb for Sm leads to a decrease of the unit-cell parameters a,c and the unit-cell volume V. The magnetic phase transition temperatures are found as 39, 30, 26, 22 and 15 K, for x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. In addition, we have seen the second magnetic phase transition around 230 K, at the ac-susceptibility results. We have concluded that this behavior may arise from the Tb-Tb interaction in crystal structure.Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeyCukurova University [FEF2008YL32]B.O express thanks to Prof. Dr. M. Eyyuphan Yakinci from Inonu University for recording the XRD patterns. This work was supported by the Research Fund of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, under grant contracts No. FEF2008YL32

Rektus kılıf bloğu yönteminin etkinliğinin araştırılması

WOS:000448931700005Objectives: We aimed to retrospectively investigate the efficacy of ultrasound guided rectus sheath block (RSB) method inour study.Methods: We scanned 235 patient files operated for abdominal pathology. Patients meeting the criteria were evaluated forintra-operative rectus sheath block and two different groups were formed. In these two groups of patients visual analoguescale (VAS) values recorded from the postoperative pain follow-up form and analgesic delivery (DEL) and analgesic demand(DEM) values recorded from patient controlled analgesia (PCA) device were compared. In addition, complaints of nausea,vomiting and constipation were evaluated.Results: Postoperative VAS values (Postoperative 1, 12 and 24 hours p0.001), DEM values (Postoperative 1, 12 and 24 hoursp0.001) and total amount of morphine consumed (Postoperative 1, 12 and 24 hours p0.001) were lower in patients withRSB. Also, in patients with RSB nausea (p0.014) and vomiting was less seen postoperatively (p0.007). In the first 24 hoursafter surgery, constipation was seen in 8 patients with RSB and constipation was seen in 30 patients without RSB (p0.00).Conclusion: Ultrasound guided rectus sheath block is an effective method for postoperative pain control.Amaç: Çalışmamızda ultrasonografi eşliğinde yapılan rektus kılıf bloğu (RKB) yönteminin etkinliğini retrospektif olarak araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Abdominal patoloji nedeniyle ameliyat olmuş 235 hasta dosyasını taradık. Kriterleri karşılayan hastalar intraoperatif RKB yapılması yönünden değerlendirildi ve RKB yapılan ve yapılmayan olarak iki farklı grup oluşturuldu. Belirlenenbu iki grup hastada postoperatif ağrı takip formuna kaydedilmiş olan vizuel analog skala (VAS) değeri ve hasta kontrollü analjezi (HKA) cihazından kaydedilmiş olan analjezik sunumu (DEL) ve analjezik isteği (DEM) değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca hastanınifade etmiş olduğu bulantı, kusma ve kabızlık şikayetleri değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Postoperatif VAS değerleri (postoperatif 1, 12, 24. saat p0.001), DEM değerleri (postoperatif 1, 12 ve 24. saatp0.001) ve tüketilen toplam morfin miktarları (postoperatif 1, 12 ve 24. saat p0.001) RKB yapılmış hastalarda daha düşüktü.Ayrıca, RKB yapılmış hastalarda postoperatif bulantı (p0.014) ve postoperatif kusma daha az idi (p0.007). Cerrahi sonrası ilk24 saatte RKB uygulanmış 8 hastada, RKB uygulanmamış 30 hastada kabızlık görüldü (p0.00).Sonuç: Ultrasonografi eşliğinde yapılan RKB orta hat kesisi ile gerçekleştirilen batın ameliyatlarında postoperatif ağrı kontrolünde etkili bir yöntemdir