Information system on hydrological and geomorphological catastrophes in Italy (SICI): a tool for managing landslide and flood hazards

International audienceSince 1990, we have maintained a database of historical information on landslides and floods in Italy, known as the National Research Council's AVI (Damaged Urban Areas) archive. The database was originally designed to respond to a request of the Minister of Civil Protection, and was aimed at helping the regional assessment of landslide and flood risk in Italy. The database was compiled in 1991-1992 to cover the period 1917 to 1990, and then updated to cover systematically the period 1917 to 2000, and non-systematically the periods 1900 to 1916 and 2001 to 2002. The database currently contains information on more than 32000 landslide events occurred at more than 21000 sites, and on more than 29000 flood events occurred at more than 14000 sites. Independently from the AVI archive, we have obtained other databases containing information on damage caused by mass movements and inundations, daily discharge measurements and solid-transport measurements at selected gauging stations, bibliographical and reference information on landslides and inundations, and a catalogue of National legislation on hydrological and geological hazards and risk in Italy. The databases are part of an information system known as SICI (an Italian acronym for Sistema Informativo sulle Catastrofi Idrogeologiche, Information System on Hydrological and Geomorphological Catastrophes), which is currently the largest single repository of historical information on landslides and floods in Italy. After an outline of the history and evolution of the AVI Project archive, we present and discuss: (a) the structure of the SICI information system, including the hardware and software solutions adopted to maintain, manage, update, use and disseminate the information stored in the various databases, (b) the type and amount of information stored in each database, including an estimate of their completeness, and (c) examples of recent applications of the information system, including a web-based GIS system to show the location of sites historically affected by landslides and floods, and an estimate of geo-hydrological (i.e. landslide and flood) risk in Italy based on the available historical information

Quality management in the industry 4.0 era

In the current competitive scenario, manufacturing companies are facing various challenges related to an increasing level of variability. This variability means different sets of dimensions such as demand, volume, process, technology, quality, customer behavior and supplier attitude, and transform the industrial systems engineering domain. A new paradigm tries to solve these challenges and solutions such as "the fourth industrial revolution" or "Industry 4.0" refers to new production patterns, including new technologies, productive factors and labor organizations, which are completely changing the production processes and developing high-efficiency production systems that make it possible to minimize production costs and improve production and product quality. Manufacturing companies need to achieve a substantial improvement in performance by manufacturing high-quality products and creating highly flexible systems that make it possible to maintain their efficiency even when demand varies dramatically. Tools for the management and optimization of quality are vitally important. In this way the adoption of highly flexible cyber physical production units permits the implementation of production processes capable of guaranteeing high-quality standards in the finished product, even in the case of small production lots. Industry 4.0 provides promising opportunities for quality management therefore, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the quality management and industry 4.0 concepts and analyze the current state of literature trying to understand the implications and opportunities for quality management in the industry 4.0 era

Stable water isotopes of precipitation and firn cores from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region as a proxy for climate reconstruction

In order to investigate the climate variability in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, this paper focuses on the relationship between stable isotope content of precipitation and firn, and main meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature, and sea ice extent). Between 2008 and 2010, we collected precipitation samples and retrieved firn cores from several key sites in this region. We conclude that the deuterium excess oscillation represents a robust indicator of the meteorological variability on a seasonal to sub-seasonal scale. Low absolute deuterium excess values and the synchronous variation of both deuterium excess and air temperature imply that the evaporation of moisture occurs in the adjacent Southern Ocean. The δ<sup>18</sup>O-air temperature relationship is complicated and significant only at a (multi)seasonal scale. Backward trajectory calculations show that air-parcels arriving at the region during precipitation events predominantly originate at the South Pacific Ocean and Bellingshausen Sea. These investigations will be used as a calibration for ongoing and future research in the area, suggesting that appropriate locations for future ice core research are located above 600 m a.s.l. We selected the Plateau Laclavere, Antarctic Peninsula as the most promising site for a deeper drilling campaign

La procedura di ritiro e di distribuzione alimenti del Banco Alimentare

L'articolo analizza una nuova fonte di approvvigionamento per la raccolta e la distribuzione di derrate alimentari eccedenti, appartenenti al genere fresco, a favore di 15 enti no profit. Si definisce una nuova procedura per il ritiro e la logistica di distribuzione in Piemont

Digitalization technologies for industrial sustainability

Digital technologies are shown to perform a potential role in developing a resource efficient industrial base. The effective adoption of them can help to deliver reduced costs and improve the flexibility and sustainability of manufacturing systems. However, these positive benefits are far from guaranteed and the way in which digital technologies favor the transition towards sustainable manufacturing systems has not been analyzed in detail yet, so more conceptual and empirical investigations are required in this field. This paper develops a conceptual framework, which explains the potential significance of using digital technologies toward efficiency, resilience and sustainability. It also includes evidence from various case studies, which illustrate the core technologies which can potentiality contribute to a sustainable industrial future. The findings show some impressive results concerning the sustainable implications of the digitalization of manufacturing processes. If the predicted benefits can be achieved through digital technologies, they could massively impact on sustainability. \ua9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Halloysite nanotubes as nano-carriers of corrosion inhibitors in cement formulations

The ingress of water, as a vehicle for many harmful substances, is the main cause of all the major physical and chemical degradation processes affecting concrete buildings. To prevent damage and protect concrete surfaces, coatings are generally used. Cement-based coatings in particular can act as a physical barrier and reduce the permeability of surfaces. In case of chloride-induced corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are also generally used, and nano-carriers have been proven to provide a long-term protective effect. In this work, we designed a surface protection cementitious coating enhanced with nano-silica and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs were loaded with a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole (BTA), and used as nano-reservoir, while nano-silica was used to improve the structure of the protective coating and to strengthen its adhesion to the surface of application. The cementitious coatings were characterized with a multi-technique approach including thermal and spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and pore size distribution, and Vickers hardness test. The release of BTA was monitored through UV-vis analysis, and the transportation of BTA through coated mortars was studied in simulated rain conditions. We evidenced that the presence of silica densifies the porous structure and increases the interfacial bond strength between the protective coating and the surface of application. We report here, for the first time, that HNTs can be used as nano-carriers for the slow delivery of anti-corrosion molecules in cement mortars

Assessment of spatial reasoning in blind individuals using a haptic version of the Kohs Block Design Test

Abstract Past research investigating the spatial abilities of visually impaired people, provided conflicting results. There is thus an urgent need to develop standardized tests for the evaluation of spatial cognition when vision is absent or disrupted. To this aim, we developed a haptic version of the Kohs Block Design Test and investigated the spatial non-verbal reasoning of early blind, late blind and sighted individuals. Participants reproduced 3D printed haptic configurations by assembling blocks with different textures, within a time limit. Results showed that early blind individuals reproduced fewer haptic designs than the other two groups correctly. Instead, the assembling time of the correct responses was similar among all groups. Moreover, blindness duration (in years) did not seem to affect the correctness of the performance: no significant correlation between the two variables was observed for early and late blind participants. Since only early blind individuals display difficulties in mentally representing the haptic configurations and manipulating multiple spatial information, we conclude that early visual deprivation may affect spatial reasoning capabilities. The present study adds new insights on the role of visual experience in the development of spatial skills and represents a first step in the adaptation of standardized tests for the assessment of spatial cognitive abilities in visually impaired people

Particle detection through the quantum counter concept in YAG:Er3+^{3+}

We report about a novel scheme for particle detection based on the infrared quantum counter concept. Its operation consists of a two-step excitation process of a four level system, that can be realized in rare earth-doped crystals when a cw pump laser is tuned to the transition from the second to the fourth level. The incident particle raises the atoms of the active material into a low lying, metastable energy state, triggering the absorption of the pump laser to a higher level. Following a rapid non-radiative decay to a fluorescent level, an optical signal is observed with a conventional detectors. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of such a scheme, we have investigated the emission from the fluorescent level $^4$S$_{3/2}$ (540 nm band) in an Er$^{3+}$-doped YAG crystal pumped by a tunable titanium sapphire laser when it is irradiated with 60 keV electrons delivered by an electron gun. We have obtained a clear signature this excitation increases the $^{4}I_{13/2}$ metastable level population that can efficiently be exploited to generate a detectable optical signal

Resolving sphincter of Oddi incontinence for primary duodenal Crohn's disease with strictureplasty

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCrohn's involvement of duodenum is a rare event and may be associated to proteiform symptoms and uncommon pathological aspects which make diagnosis and treatment complex.PRESENTATION OF CASEThe peculiar aspect of this case was a suspected duodeno-biliary fistula. The patient (female, 22 years old) was affected by duodenal Crohn's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dilated common bile duct, whose final part linked to a formation containing fluid, and characterized by filling of the contrast medium in the excretory phase. Abdominal ultrasound showed intra-hepatic and intra-gallbladder aerobilia. At surgery, the duodenum was mobilized showing an inflammatory stricture and a slight dilatation of the common bile duct, with no signs of fistulas. The opened duodenum was anastomized side to side to a transmesocolic loop of the jejunum. After surgery, the general condition of the patient improved.DISCUSSIONOnly two cases of fistula between a narrow duodenal bulb and the common bile duct have been described in literature and the Authors were not be able to verify the occurrence of a duodenal biliary fistula at surgery. The association between duodenal Crohn's disease and Sphincter of Oddi incontinence is a very rare finding with different etiology: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, common bile duct stones, progressive systemic sclerosis.CONCLUSIONThe treatment to resolve Sphincter of Oddi incontinence for primary duodenal Crohn's disease is not clear. Strictureplasty could be the treatment of choice, because, resolving the stricture, the duodenal pressure is likely to decrease and the reflux through the incontinent sphincter can be avoided

Weak insensitivity to initial conditions at the edge of chaos in the logistic map

We extend existing studies of weakly sensitive points within the framework of Tsallis non-extensive thermodynamics to include weakly insensitive points at the edge of chaos. Analyzing tangent points of the logistic map we have verified that the generalized entropy with suitable entropic index q correctly describes the approach to the attractor.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure