EFFICACY OF ANTI-BACTERIAL AND ANTI-FUNGAL ACTION ON THREE MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACT THE Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava AND Vitis vinifera AGAINST Streptococcus mutans AND Candida albicans -AN In-vitro STUDY

Introduction: World health organization has been an initiative for the widespread practice of herbal medicine been practiced in developing countries and created a scientific basis to treat infection. Aim: The aim of the study was to test the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of three medical plant extract the Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera against the streptococcus Mutans and Candida albicans organisms. Settings and Design: An in-vitro study was conducted collaborated with the department of microbiology and the Department of Public Health Dentistry in SRM Dental College and Hospital for a period of four months. The extract of medical plant of Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera was tested in different concentration to find out the effective anti-bacterial and anti-fungal action. Methods and Materials: Extract obtained from the medicinal plant of Rosa gallica, psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera was procured and powdered. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the obtained extracts was determined by using the tube dilution method and the bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was cultured into the extract obtained at concentration of 1 mg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was done to analysis the bacterial count in different concentration. Results: The extracts obtained from Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-bacterial property when compared to the other medicinal plants and the extracts obtained from Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-fungal property when compared to the other two medicinal plants. Conclusions: These plants extracts showed anti-bacterial property in previous studies to add on to the review of literature in our study it proved that Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-fungal activity when compared to another two medicinal plant extract. The clinical significance of the medicinal plant extract can be effectively used as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent as it was compared with the gold standard values of kanamycin and Ketoconazole

Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline Gdx Zn 1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films

Ellipsoidal primary of the RS CVn binary zeta And: Investigation using high-resolution spectroscopy and optical interferometry

We have obtained high-resolution spectroscopy, optical interferometry, and long-term broad band photometry of the ellipsoidal primary of the RS CVn-type binary system zeta And. Based on the optical interferometry the apparent limb darkened diameter of zeta And is 2.55 +/- 0.09 mas using a uniform disk fit. The Hipparcos distance and the limb-darkened diameter obtained with a uniform disk fit give stellar radius of 15.9 +/- 0.8 Rsolar, and combined with bolometric luminosity, it implies an effective temperature of 4665 +/- 140 K. The temperature maps obtained from high resolution spectra using Doppler imaging show a strong belt of equatorial spots and hints of a cool polar cap. The equatorial spots show a concentration around the phase 0.75. This spot configuration is reminiscent of the one seen in the earlier published temperature maps of zeta And. Investigation of the Halpha line reveals both prominences and cool clouds in the chromosphere. Long-term photometry spanning 12 years shows hints of a spot activity cycle, which is also implied by the Doppler images, but the cycle length cannot be reliably determined from the current data.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for A&

Energetic and spatial bonding properties from angular distributions of ultraviolet photoelectrons: application to the GaAs(110) surface

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectra are interpreted by combining the energetics and spatial properties of the contributing states. One-step calculations are in excellent agreement with new azimuthal experimental data for GaAs(110). Strong variations caused by the dispersion of the surface bands permit an accurate mapping of the electronic structure. The delocalization of the valence states is discussed analogous to photoelectron diffraction. The spatial origin of the electrons is determined, and found to be strongly energy dependent, with uv excitation probing the bonding region.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publicatio

Comparative study on calcium, magnesium and cobalt in diabetic and non diabetic patients (males) in Punjab, Pakistan

Minerals are very important because of their important role in the maintenance of human health. Our study was aimed at assessing and comparing the levels of Ca, Mg and Co in the blood samples of diabetic and non diabetic persons (males) of five age groups between one and 75 years. For this purpose, fasting blood samples of diabetic and non diabetic males of selected age groups were collected. The blood samples were centrifuged to get serum. The mineral elements in the serum were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results depicted that the diabetic patients had higher mean concentration of Ca (141.47 ppm), Mg (18 ppm) and Co (0.057 ppm) while non diabetic persons had higher mean concentration of Ca (201.33 ppm), Mg (36.15 ppm) and Co (0.047 ppm). Statistical analysis was done by applying Student’s T-test. It can be concluded from the study that the diabetic patients of all five age groups are deficient of Ca, Mg, whereas the concentration of Co is higher in diabetic patients. In the further study physiological parameters along with other inorganic cofactors are being taken into consideration.Key words: Diabetes mellitus, blood serum, Ca, Mg, Co

Dual Nature of the Electronic Structure of the Stripe Phase

High resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements have been carried out on (La_1.4-xNd_0.6Sr_x)CuO_4, a model system with static stripes, and (La_1.85Sr_0.15)CuO_4, a high temperature superconductor (T_c=40K) with dynamic stripes. In addition to the straight segments near (pi, 0) and (0, pi) antinodal regions, we have identified the existence of nodal spectral weight and its associated Fermi surface in the electronic structure of both systems. The ARPES spectra in the nodal region show well-defined Fermi cut-off, indicating a metallic character of this charge-ordered state. This observation of nodal spectral weight, together with the straight segments near antinodal regions, reveals dual nature of the electronic structure of the stripes due to the competition of order and disorder

Fetal Microchimeric Cells in Blood of Women with an Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

CONTEXT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), two autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), occur more frequently in women than in men and show an increased incidence in the years following parturition. Persisting fetal cells could play a role in the development of these diseases. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to detect and characterize fetal cells in blood of postpartum women with and without an AITD. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients with an AITD and ten healthy volunteers, all given birth to a son maximum 5 years before analysis, and three women who never had been pregnant, were included. None of them had any other disease of the thyroid which could interfere with the results obtained. METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and repeated FISH were used to count the number of male fetal cells. Furthermore, the fetal cells were further characterized. RESULTS: In patients with HT, 7 to 11 fetal cells per 1.000.000 maternal cells were detected, compared to 14 to 29 fetal cells in patients with GD (p=0.0061). In patients with HT, mainly fetal CD8(+) T cells were found, while in patients with GD, fetal B and CD4(+) T cells were detected. In healthy volunteers with son, 0 to 5 fetal cells were observed, which was significantly less than the number observed in patients (p<0,05). In women who never had been pregnant, no male cells were detected. CONCLUSION: This study shows a clear association between fetal microchimeric cells and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase IX expression is associated with poor survival in patients with invasive breast cancer.

Tumour hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor related to poor response to radiation, chemotherapy, genetic instability, selection for resistance to apoptosis, and increased risk of invasion and metastasis. Hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has been studied in various tumour sites and its expression has been correlated with the clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of CA IX expression with outcome in patients with invasive breast cancer. We conducted a retrospective study examining the effects of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) on survival in patients with breast cancer. To facilitate the screening of multiple tissue blocks from each patient, tissue microarrays were prepared containing between two and five representative samples of tumour per patient. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of CA IX in patients with breast cancer. The study includes a cohort of 144 unselected patients with early invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery, and had CA IX expression and follow-up data available for analysis. At the time of analysis, there were 28 deaths and median follow-up of 48 months with 96% of patients having at least 2 years of follow-up. CA IX was negative for 107 patients (17 deaths) and positive for 37 patients (11 deaths). Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that survival was superior in the CA IX-negative group with a 2-year survival of 97% for negatives and 83% for positives (log-rank test P=0.01). Allowing for potential prognostic variables in a Cox regression analysis, CA IX remained a significant independent predictor of survival (P=0.035). This study showed in both univariate and multivariate analysis that survival is significantly inferior in patients with tumour expressing CA IX. Prospective studies are underway to investigate this correlation in clinical trial setting