Chitinase-like proteins promote IL-17-mediated neutrophilia in a tradeoff between nematode killing and host damage

Enzymatically inactive chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) such as BRP-39, Ym1 and Ym2 are established markers of immune activation and pathology, yet their functions are essentially unknown. We found that Ym1 and Ym2 induced the accumulation of neutrophils through the expansion of γδ T cell populations that produced interleukin 17 (IL-17). While BRP-39 did not influence neutrophilia, it was required for IL-17 production in γδ T cells, which suggested that regulation of IL-17 is an inherent feature of mouse CLPs. Analysis of a nematode infection model, in which the parasite migrates through the lungs, revealed that the IL-17 and neutrophilic inflammation induced by Ym1 limited parasite survival but at the cost of enhanced lung injury. Our studies describe effector functions of CLPs consistent with innate host defense traits of the chitinase family

Trypanocidal activity, cytotoxicity and histone modifications induced by malformin A1 isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis IFM 63452

Abstract Malformin A1, a cyclic pentapeptide, was isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis IFM 63452. The identity of the compound was established based on TOF-MS and 1 H NMR data. Malformin A1 exhibited trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma congolense (IC50: 15.08 ng/mL). Interestingly, the compound was selective for T. congolense rendering a selectivity index value that ranged from 3.33 to 4.67. It also demonstrated cytotoxicity against HeLa (IC50: 50.15 ng/mL) and P388 (IC50: 70.38 ng/mL) cell lines. To further identify the possible mechanism of its cytotoxic effect, immunofluorescence staining was conducted to follow the epigenetic changes induced by the compound in the amino acid lysine of histone H3 and H4 in HeLa. The compound induced repressive levels of H3K27me3, H3K27ac and H4K5ac, and enhanced levels of H3K9me2, H3K9me3 and H4K16ac supporting the compound's chemotherapeutic potential

LaMn3Ni2Mn2O12: an a- and B-site ordered quadruple perovskite with a-site tuning orthogonal spin ordering

A new oxide, LaMnNiMnO, was prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis methods. The compound crystallizes in an AA'BB'O-type A-site and B-site ordered quadruple perovskite structure. The charge combination is confirmed to be LaMn Ni Mn O, where La and Mn are 1:3 ordered at the A and A' sites and the Ni and Mn are also distributed at the B and B' sites in an orderly fashion in a rocksalt-type manner, respectively. A G-type antiferromagnetic ordering originating from the A'-site Mn sublattice is found to occur at T ≈ 46 K. Subsequently, the spin coupling between the B-site Ni and B'-site Mn sublattices leads to an orthogonally ordered spin alignment with a net ferromagnetic component near T ≈ 34 K. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the A'-site Mn spins play a crucial role in determining the spin structure of the B and B' sites. This LaMnNiMnO provides a rare example that shows orthogonal spin ordering in the B and B' sites assisted by ordered A-site magnetic ions in perovskite systems

LaMn₃Ni₂Mn₂O₁₂: An A- and B‑Site Ordered Quadruple Perovskite with A‑Site Tuning Orthogonal Spin Ordering

A new oxide, LaMn₃Ni₂Mn₂O₁₂, was prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis methods. The compound crystallizes in an AA′₃B₂B′₂O₁₂-type A-site and B-site ordered quadruple perovskite structure. The charge combination is confirmed to be LaMn³⁺₃Ni²⁺₂Mn⁴⁺₂O₁₂, where La and Mn³⁺ are 1:3 ordered at the A and A′ sites and the Ni²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ are also distributed at the B and B′ sites in an orderly fashion in a rocksalt-type manner, respectively. A G-type antiferromagnetic ordering originating from the A′-site Mn³⁺ sublattice is found to occur at <i>T</i>_N ≈ 46 K. Subsequently, the spin coupling between the B-site Ni²⁺ and B′-site Mn⁴⁺ sublattices leads to an orthogonally ordered spin alignment with a net ferromagnetic component near <i>T</i>_C ≈ 34 K. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the A′-site Mn³⁺ spins play a crucial role in determining the spin structure of the B and B′ sites. This LaMn₃Ni₂Mn₂O₁₂ provides a rare example that shows orthogonal spin ordering in the B and B′ sites assisted by ordered A-site magnetic ions in perovskite systems