Bundled Crossings Revisited

An effective way to reduce clutter in a graph drawing that has (many) crossings is to group edges that travel in parallel into \emph{bundles}. Each edge can participate in many such bundles. Any crossing in this bundled graph occurs between two bundles, i.e., as a \emph{bundled crossing}. We consider the problem of bundled crossing minimization: A graph is given and the goal is to find a bundled drawing with at most $k$ bundled crossings. We show that the problem is NP-hard when we require a simple drawing. Our main result is an FPT algorithm (in $k$) when we require a simple circular layout. These results make use of the connection between bundled crossings and graph genus.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2019

Type I IFN and TNFα cross-regulation in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: basic concepts and clinical relevance

A cross-regulation between type I IFN and TNFα has been proposed recently, where both cytokines are hypothesized to counteract each other. According to this model, different autoimmune diseases can be viewed as disequilibrium between both cytokines. As this model may have important clinical implications, the present review summarizes and discusses the currently available clinical evidence arguing for or against the proposed cross-regulation between TNFα and type I IFN. In addition, we review how this cross-regulation works at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of this proposed cross-regulation for biological therapies such as type I IFN or anti-TNFα treatment

Right drug, right patient, right time: aspiration or future promise for biologics in rheumatoid arthritis?

Individualising biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) to maximise outcomes and deliver safe and cost-effective care is a key goal in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Investigation to identify predictive tools of bDMARD response is a highly active and prolific area of research. In addition to clinical phenotyping, cellular and molecular characterisation of synovial tissue and blood in patients with RA, using different technologies, can facilitate predictive testing. This narrative review will summarise the literature for the available bDMARD classes and focus on where progress has been made. We will also look ahead and consider the increasing use of ‘omics’ technologies, the potential they hold as well as the challenges, and what is needed in the future to fully realise our ambition of personalised bDMARD treatment

Hypofibrinolysis in diabetes: a therapeutic target for the reduction of cardiovascular risk

An enhanced thrombotic environment and premature atherosclerosis are key factors for the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. The occlusive vascular thrombus, formed secondary to interactions between platelets and coagulation proteins, is composed of a skeleton of fibrin fibres with cellular elements embedded in this network. Diabetes is characterised by quantitative and qualitative changes in coagulation proteins, which collectively increase resistance to fibrinolysis, consequently augmenting thrombosis risk. Current long-term therapies to prevent arterial occlusion in diabetes are focussed on anti-platelet agents, a strategy that fails to address the contribution of coagulation proteins to the enhanced thrombotic milieu. Moreover, antiplatelet treatment is associated with bleeding complications, particularly with newer agents and more aggressive combination therapies, questioning the safety of this approach. Therefore, to safely control thrombosis risk in diabetes, an alternative approach is required with the fibrin network representing a credible therapeutic target. In the current review, we address diabetes-specific mechanistic pathways responsible for hypofibrinolysis including the role of clot structure, defects in the fibrinolytic system and increased incorporation of anti-fibrinolytic proteins into the clot. Future anti-thrombotic therapeutic options are discussed with special emphasis on the potential advantages of modulating incorporation of the anti-fibrinolytic proteins into fibrin networks. This latter approach carries theoretical advantages, including specificity for diabetes, ability to target a particular protein with a possible favourable risk of bleeding. The development of alternative treatment strategies to better control residual thrombosis risk in diabetes will help to reduce vascular events, which remain the main cause of mortality in this condition

Elinsiirron saaneen nuoren siirtyminen lasten ja nuorten hoitotyöstä aikuisten terveyspalveluiden käyttäjäksi

Opinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena on kuvata saumaton, hoitoon sitoutumista tukeva hoitopolku nuoren elinsiirtopotilaan siirtyessä lasten ja nuorten hoitotyöstä aikuisten terveyspalvelujen käyttäjäksi. Työmme on osa lasten ja nuorten hoitotyön osaamisen tulevaisuuden hanketta. Hankkeen tarkoituksena on uusien toimintakäytäntöjen luominen, verkostomaisen työskentelyn vahvistaminen, sekä saumattomien hoitopolkujen kehittäminen. Hankkeessa yhteistyökumppaneina ovat HYKS Naisten- ja lastentautien tulosyksikkö, Metropolia ammattikorkeakoulun Hoitotyön koulutusohjelma ja Tampereen yliopiston Hoitotieteen laitos. Työssämme keskitymme potilaan siirtymävaiheen solmukohtiin, kuvaamme nykyisen hoitopolun ja pyrimme löytämään näkökulmia sekä toimintamalleja, jotka antaisivat nuorelle, hänen perheelleen sekä hoitoyksikölle valmiuksia siirtymisprosessin vaiheisiin. Työssämme keskitymme nuorten kehittymishaasteisiin ja pyrimme kartoittamaan nuorten hoitomyönteisyyttä ja vastaanottavaisuutta edistäviä keinoja ja välineitä. Opinnäytetyömme aihe on uusi hoitotieteellisen tutkimuksen kohde ja löytämämme materiaali on luonteeltaan täsmällistä, tuoretta ja vastaa hyvin työmme edistymisen vaateisiin. Käytimme työssämme kvantitatiivista tutkimusmenetelmää. Tutkimustyön tarve sekä prosessin kehittäminen potilaan tarpeita vastaavaksi tällä hoitotyön saralla on erittäin tärkeää. Kansainvälisesti siirtymisessä koetaan haastavimmaksi prosessin alkamisen äkillisyys, riittämätön tiedonkulku lasten ja aikuisten puolen välillä ja tätä kautta hoidon jatkuvuuden kankeus. Toisin sanoen siirtymiseen valmistavien toimintojen aikaistaminen, kirjallinen informaatio ja sujuvampi yhteistyö palveluiden tarjoajien välillä, ovat suurimmat kehittymishaasteet