Gonadectomia em gatas. Técnica cirúrgica

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Cisto aracnóide em um cão da raça Rottweiler: diagnóstico e tratamento

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Arthroscopic study of the elbow joint in dog cadavers Estudo artroscópico da articulação do cotovelo em cadáveres de cães

ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the arthroscopic technique of the elbow joint in dog cadavers. The possibility to see the intra articular structures, technical difficulties and complications which occurred during the procedure were analyzed. Methods: ten dog's cadavers (twenty elbow joints) were examined. Both, arthroscopic and instrumental portals were performed on the medial site of joint at caudal and cranial positions, respectively. Results: We could see the totality of the proposed structures. The main complications were cartilage iatrogenic lesion and periarticular infiltration. Conclusion: The elbow arthroscopy in dogs permits detailed intra-articular visualization. The arthroscopic and instrumental portals were simple to be done. Key words: Elbow. Arthroscopy. Cadaver. Dogs. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a técnica artroscópica da articulação do cotovelo em cadáveres de cães quanto às dificuldades técnicas, possibilidade de visualização das estruturas intra-articulares e complicações. Métodos: foram utilizados dez cadáveres de cães (vinte articulações do cotovelo). Os portais artroscópio e instrumental foram confeccionados na face medial da articulação, caudal e cranial, respectivamente. Resultados: Todas as estruturas intra-articulares propostas foram passíveis de visibilização. Complicações consistiram principalmente de lesão iatrogênica de cartilagem e infiltração periarticular. Conclusão: A artroscopia do cotovelo no cão é um procedimento que permite a acurada visualização das estruturas intraarticulares, sendo que os portais artroscópico e instrumental mostraram-se relativamente simples de serem confeccionados

Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Abstract Background Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most important stifle injuries and a common cause of lameness in dogs. Our objective was to measure the vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) using a pressure sensitive walkway. A pressure sensitive walkway was used to collect vertical force data from the pads of 10 Pitbulls affected with unilateral CCLR. Ten healthy Pitbulls were included in the study as controls. Velocity varied between 1.3 and 1.6 m/s and acceleration was kept below ± 0.1 m/s2. Differences between groups and between pads in the same limb within groups were investigated using ANOVA and the Tukey test. The paired Student t-test was employed to assess gait symmetry (p < 0.05). Results Peak vertical forces (PVF) were lower in the affected limb, particularly in the metatarsal pad. Increased PVF values in the forelimb and the contralateral hind limb pads of affected dogs suggest a compensatory effect. Conclusions A consistent pattern of vertical force distribution was observed in the pads of dogs with CCLR. These data are important for increased understanding of vertical force distribution in the limb of dogs with CCLR disease. Kinetic analysis using pressure sensitive walkways can be useful in follow-up assessment of surgically treated dogs regardless of the surgical technique employed

Comparison of Epidural and Systemic Tramadol for Analgesia Following Ovariohysterectomy

The objective of the study was to compare epidural and systemic tramadol for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty animals, randomly divided into two groups, received either epidural (EPI) or intramuscular (IM) tramadol (2 mg/kg) 30 min before anesthetic induction. Analgesia, sedation, cardiorespiratory parameters, end-tidal isoflurane, blood catecholamines and cortisol, and arterial blood gases were measured at different time points up to 24 hr after agent administration. There were no differences between the two groups regarding cardiorespiratory parameters, end-tidal isoflurane, and pain scores. Two dogs in the IM and one in the EPI group required supplemental analgesia. Cortisol was increased (P&lt;0.05) at 120 min (3.59 mu g/dL and 3.27 mu g/dL in the IM and EPI groups, respectively) and 240 min (2.45 mu g/dL and 2.54 mu g/dL in the IM and EPI groups, respectively) compared to baseline. Norepinephrine was also increased (P&lt;0.05) at 120 min in both groups compared to baseline values. Epinephrine values were higher (P&lt;0.05) in the IM group compared with the EPI group at 50 min, 120 min, and 1,440 min after tramadol administration. Epidural tramadol is a safe analgesic, but does not appear to have improved analgesic effects compared with IM administration. (J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:310-319. DOI 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5795)FAPESPFAPES

Effect of CYP4F2, VKORC1, and CYP2C9 in Influencing Coumarin Dose: A Single-Patient Data Meta-Analysis in More Than 15,000 Individuals

The CYP4F2 gene is known to influence mean coumarin dose. The aim of the present study was to undertake a meta-analysis at individual patients' level to capture the possible effect of ethnicity, gene-gene interaction or other drugs on the association and to verify if inclusion of CYP4F2*3 variant into dosing algorithms improves the prediction of mean coumarin dose. We asked the authors of our previous meta-analysis (30 articles) and of 38 new articles retrieved by a systematic review to send us individual patients' data. The final collection consists 15,754 patients split into a derivation and validation cohort. The CYP4F2*3 polymorphism was consistently associated with an increase in mean coumarin dose (+9% (95%CI 7-10%), with a higher effect in females, in patients taking acenocoumarol and in Whites. The inclusion of the CYP4F2*3 in dosing algorithms slightly improved the prediction of stable coumarin dose. New pharmacogenetic equations potentially useful for clinical practice were derived. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved