Optimizing LZW text compression algorithm via multithreading programming

Due to the emerging multimedia technology, multimedia files such as text, image, audio and video files are widely used. These multimedia files take hundreds time more space as compared to early day's media files. Thus, demand for efficient compression algorithm is in great needs. Currently, a lot of general purpose multi-core processor machines and systems are widely available. However, many compression algorithms have not been taking advantage of being optimized for these processors. This paper explores the multithreaded compression algorithm to take advantages offered by multi-core processo

The application of expert system:a review of research and applications

The development of Artificial Intelligent (AI) technology system can be a wide scope; for an instant, there are rule-based expert system, frame-based expert system, fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic algorithm, etc. The remarkable achievement applications of AI has been reported in different disciplines including field of medicals, militaries, chemistry, engineering, manufacturing, management, and others. Its' discoveries and contributions through of AI study since the early 1970s were be significant step to enhance better performance of human work activities and probably replaced by these technologies. Today, there a lot of intelligent machine is available in everywhere such as airport gate scanner, movie theater counter ticket, vending machine, ATM machine, washing machine, etc. Expert system has been used widely in many areas and industries. This paper is described the current research and development of expert system.</p

A knowledge-based architecture framework of design for assemble system (DAEx)

Malaysian manufacturing sector has played an important role to boost up the economy at the domestic market. Today, the Malaysian manufacturing sector has facing the challenges that the manufacturing industry need to stay competitive to compete at the global market. Manufacturing cost of the company will directly effect on the company profit as well as product cost. Manufacturing cost may include material cost, labor cost and overhead. Various type of techniques and methods have been used to lower the manufacturing cost. With the advancement of computer, computer software has been used to solve the manufacturing sector problem. In this research, expert system has been proposed to develop a diagnosis system to solve the problem of design of assemble. The effective assembly design of a product will able to reduce the total assembly time as well as reduce the manufacturing cost. An architecture framework of the developed Design for Assemble Expert system (DAEx) is described. The DFA expert system is developed using expert system shell to support the vehicle seat manufacturing process. The main aim is to reduce the assembly time and cost of vehicle seat manufacturing process.</p

Response of an Indented Square Tube under Impact Loading

The dynamic buckling of the square tube with a V-shape indent under impact loading was investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The collapse modes of square tubes with different locations of indentation points were obtained experimentally. Numerical calculations of each experimental load case were conducted to analyze the effect of the indentation point location on the crush force and energy absorption of the tube. Numerical results agree well with the experimental ones. The results show that the indentation point location exerts a significant influence on the crush force and energy absorption. Compared to an indentation-free tube, the peak force of the indented tube is evidently reduced. The collapse process of the tube includes two buckling steps. The first one begins from the indentation either forward or backward with respect to the end until the folds are densified, then the second buckling starts backward or forward, which results in a second peak force in the collapse process.Динамическое коробление квадратной трубки с V-образным отпечатком в условиях ударного нагружения исследовано экспериментальными и численными методами. Режимы сплющивания квадратных трубок с различным расположением точек индентирования реализовывали экспериментально. Выполнены численные расчеты каждого случая экспериментального нагружения с целью анализа влияния месторасположения точки индентирования на разрушающее усилие и энергию поглощения квадратной трубки. Численные результаты хорошо согласуются с экспериментом. Установлено, что расположение точки индентирования оказывает значительное влияние на разрушающее усилие и энергию поглощения. По сравнению с неиндентированной трубкой максимальное усилие, действующее на индентированную трубку, явно уменьшается. Процесс сплющивания трубки включает два этапа коробления. Первый начинается с индентирования вперед или назад относительно конца до тех пор, пока не происходит уплотнения складок, второй осуществляется назад или вперед , что создает в результате второе максимальное усилие

Geometrically Tailored Skyrmions at Zero Magnetic Field in Multilayered Nanostructures

Magnetic skyrmions are chiral spin structures recently observed at room temperature in multilayer films. Their topological stability will enable high scalability in confined geometries—a sought-after attribute for device applications. Despite numerous theoretical studies examining sub-100-nm Néel skyrmions in nanostructures, in practice their ambient stability and evolution with confinement and their magnetic parameters remain to be established. Here we present the zero-field stabilization of sub-100-nm room-temperature Néel-textured skyrmions confined in Ir/Fe(x)/Co(y)/Pt nanodots over a wide range of magnetic and geometric parameters. The zero-field skyrmion size, here as small as approximately 50 nm, can be tailored by a factor of 4 with variation of dot size and magnetic interactions. Crucially, skyrmions with differing thermodynamic stability exhibit an unexpected dichotomy in confinement phenomenologies. These results establish skyrmion phenomenology in multilayer nanostructures, and prompt the synergistic use of magnetic and geometric parameters to achieve desired properties in devices

An Algorithm for Probabilistic Alternating Simulation

In probabilistic game structures, probabilistic alternating simulation (PA-simulation) relations preserve formulas defined in probabilistic alternating-time temporal logic with respect to the behaviour of a subset of players. We propose a partition based algorithm for computing the largest PA-simulation, which is to our knowledge the first such algorithm that works in polynomial time, by extending the generalised coarsest partition problem (GCPP) in a game-based setting with mixed strategies. The algorithm has higher complexities than those in the literature for non-probabilistic simulation and probabilistic simulation without mixed actions, but slightly improves the existing result for computing probabilistic simulation with respect to mixed actions.Comment: We've fixed a problem in the SOFSEM'12 conference versio

Can acclimation of thermal tolerance, in adults and across generations, act as a buffer against climate change in tropical marine ectotherms?

Thermal acclimation capacity was investigated in adults of three tropical marine invertebrates, the subtidal barnacle Striatobalanus amaryllis, the intertidal gastropod Volegalea cochlidium and the intertidal barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. To test the relative importance of transgenerational acclimation, the developmental acclimation capacity of A. amphitrite was investigated in F1 and F2 generations reared at a subset of the same incubation temperatures. The increase in CTmax (measured through loss of key behavioural metrics) of F0 adults across the incubation temperature range 25.4–33.4 °C was low: 0.00 °C (V. cochlidium), 0.05 °C (S. amaryllis) and 0.06 °C (A. amphitrite) per 1 °C increase in incubation temperature (the acclimation response ratio; ARR). Although the effect of generation was not significant, across the incubation temperature range of 29.4–33.4 °C, the increase in CTmax in the F1 (0.30 °C) and F2 (0.15 °C) generations of A. amphitrite was greater than in the F0 (0.10 °C). These correspond to ARR's of 0.03 °C (F0), 0.08 °C (F1) and 0.04 °C (F2), respectively. The variability in CTmax between individuals in each treatment was maintained across generations, despite the high mortality of progeny. Further research is required to investigate the potential for transgenerational acclimation to provide an extra buffer for tropical marine species facing climate warming

Factors associated with falls among hospitalized and community-dwelling older adults:the APPCARE study

Background: Falls are a leading cause of disability. Previous studies have identified various risk factors for falls. However, contemporary novel research is needed to explore these and other factors associated with falls among a diverse older adult population. This study aims to identify the factors associated with falls among hospitalized and community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the ‘Appropriate care paths for frail elderly people: a comprehensive model’ (APPCARE) study were analyzed. The study sample consisted of hospitalized and community-dwelling older adults. Falling was assessed by asking whether the participant had fallen within the last 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between socio-demographic characteristics, potential fall risk factors and falls. Results: The sample included 113 hospitalized (mean age = 84.2 years; 58% female) and 777 community-dwelling (mean age = 77.8 years; 49% female) older adults. Among hospitalized older adults, loneliness was associated with an increased risk of falls. Associations between female sex, secondary education lever or lower, multimorbidity, a higher score on limitations with activities of daily living (ADL), high risk of malnutrition and falling were found among community-dwelling participants. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the multi-factorial nature of falling and the complex interaction of risk factors. Future fall prevention programs could be tailored to the needs of vulnerable subpopulations at high risk for falls.</p

Factors associated with health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults:the APPCARE study

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among community-dwelling older adults. Physical and mental HRQOL were measured by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline and follow-up. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between socio-demographic, health, and lifestyle factors and HRQOL. The sample included 661 participants (mean age = 77.4 years). Frailty was negatively associated with physical HRQOL (B = − 5.56; P &lt; 0.001) and mental HRQOL (B = − 6.65; P &lt; 0.001). Participants with a higher score on activities of daily living (ADL) limitations had lower physical HRQOL (B = − 0.63; P &lt; 0.001) and mental HRQOL (B = − 0.18; P = 0.001). Female sex (B = − 2.38; P &lt; 0.001), multi-morbidity (B = − 2.59; P = 0.001), and a high risk of medication-related problems (B = − 2.84; P &lt; 0.001) were associated with lower physical HRQOL, and loneliness (B = − 3.64; P &lt; 0.001) with lower mental HRQOL. In contrast, higher age (B = 2.07; P = 0.011) and living alone (B = 3.43; P &lt; 0.001) were associated with better mental HRQOL in the multivariate models. Future interventions could be tailored to subpopulations with relatively poor self-reported HRQOL, such as frail or lonely older adults to improve their HRQOL.</p