Indigenismos y nivelación léxica del español americano en los siglos XVI y XVII

En este artículo se analizan los indigenismos empleados en ocho crónicas de Indias pertenecientes a los siglos XVI y XVII. El rastreo documental de estas voces y la búsqueda de su historia lexicográfica arrojan datos cuantitativos que permiten afirmar para las primeras centurias del español en América la existencia de elementos léxicos diferenciales respecto al español peninsular. Estas voces prueban además la diferente nivelación que se produjo en el proceso de criollización por el que se configuraron las variedades del nuevo continente

How advertising affects quality perception of public service television? A comparison of two surveys in Spain (2008 and 2012)

This paper aims at providing new insights about audiences’ opinions concerning the role of advertising and its relation with the perceived quality of TV channels. It analyses Spanish audience's perception of quality of public service broadcasters TVE1 and La 2 before and after the advertising withdrawal in 2010. The goal is identifying if the advertising removal is perceived as an improvement of the quality of TVE. The first conclusion is that a vast majority of the viewers find the channels more attractive now without any advertising than before having it. In addition, gender and age are not significant variables in order to affect this opinion. But the audience educational level does impact their perception: those less educated have a significantly better opinion about the advertising withdrawal than others who are more educated. Both national public service channels (TVE1 and La 2) have improved significantly their quality perception when comparing 2008 and 2012 surveys. They are the only two channels within the Spanish market to obtain a better quality assessment. In fact, all channels tend to maintain or reduce their quality perception in the 2008–2012 time period

Small group learning: Do group members' implicit theories of ability make a difference?

We examined the impact of members' implicit theories of ability on group learning and the mediating role of several group process variables, such as goal-setting, effort attributions, and efficacy beliefs. Comparisons were between 15 groups with a strong incremental view on ability (high incremental theory groups), and 15 groups with a weak incremental view on ability (low incremental theory groups). Groups worked on a computer-based management simulation. The task required the groups to learn the underlying structure of the simulation to be able to control the system effectively. High incremental theory groups set more challenging group goals, attributed their performance more to effort, developed stronger group efficacy, and displayed steeper learning trajectories than low incremental theory groups. Group goals mediated the impact of group members' implicit theories on group learning. Exploratory analyses of the group communication process revealed that members of the high incremental theory groups communicated more openly about the task and maintained a stronger task focus compared with members of the low incremental theory groups. Research on group learning benefits from a stronger individual differences perspective that incooperates variables such as implicit theories of ability as determinants of emerging group processes and outcomes

'Veceras de mal decir' e 'infamadas': el insulto femenino en la interacción comunicativa del Siglo de Oro

En este artículo se analiza la representatividad de la variable sexo en el uso del insulto en pleitos por injurias de los siglos XVI y XVII. Se establecen, en primer lugar, las condiciones de enunciación de mayor repercusión social en virtud del contexto cultural de la época; a continuación, teniendo en cuenta la edad y el nivel social de los emisores, se observan los usos masculinos y femeninos en cuanto a la codificación léxica y a la frecuencia, fuerza, variedad de las voces empleadas y al interlocutor preferido en estos intercambios comunicativos. De este trabajo se concluye la función niveladora que ejerce este acto lingüístico en la época examinada, agrupando a hombres y mujeres en el empleo de la agresión verbal, que se practica, además, con términos y expresiones de idéntica fuerza léxica y semántica; el género distingue, en cambio, la frecuencia de los insultos y su variedad de codificación, mayores ambos en los hombres, y determina la preferencia del destinatario, cuyo género decide usos léxicos y semánticos claramente diferenciados