36,604 research outputs found
A Low Cost Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry Sensor
Magnetic resonance relaxometry, conducted by measuring relaxation parameters at different field strengths, has become an increasingly popular technique in recent years. This technique, known as field cycling, often uses expensive and large electromagnets. In this work we present a small, portable field cycling sensor. Fast field cycling is a technique that uses a varying magnetic field applied to a sample, polarising it at a high field, allowing it time to develop at a lower field and then collecting the data at the same initial high field. This causes changes in T1 and can reveal interesting proper ties of the samples not seen by traditional methods. A prototype portable magnetic resonance sensor that undertakes relaxometry measurements using fast field
cycling has been developed using a combination of permanent magnets which has been used to conduct preliminary studies on a water sample. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this sensor by conducting measurements of T1 at different field strengths
Star forming regions of the southern galaxy
A catalog of southern dust cloud properties is being compiled to aid in the planning and analysis of radio spectral line surveys in the southern hemisphere. Ultimately, images of dust temperature and column density will be produced. For the interim, a list of the 60 and 100 micron fluxes was prepared for the cores and adjacent backgrounds of 65 prominent dust clouds. Dust temperatures and column densities were derived
QCD sum rule Study of the
We systematically construct six-quark local interpolating
currents without derivative operators. We discuss the best choice of operator,
and select three - like operators to perform QCD sum rule
analyses to calculate the mass of the . The mass extracted from this
analysis is GeV, consistent with the mass
observed by the WASA detector at COSY. We also obtain a sum-rule lower mass
bound GeV. We also consider the effect of mixing of singlet
dibaryon fields with the same quantum numbers, and perform the QCD sum rule
analysis of the mixed interpolating current and extract the mass of the
and its lower mass bound. With optimized mixing parameters, we find
that the mixed current does not change the numerical result significantly.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
resonance as a tetraquark state and its isospin partner
We systematically construct tetraquark currents of and
classify them into types (antisymmetric), (symmetric)
and (mixed), based on flavor symmetries of diquarks and
antidiquarks composing the tetra quark currents. We use tetraquark currents of
type to perform QCD sum rule analyses, and find a tetraquark
current with quark contents ( or )
leading to a mass of GeV consistent with the state
recently observed by the COMPASS collaboration. Our results support tetraquark
explanations for both and , assuming that they are
isospin partners. We also study their possible decay patterns. As tetraquark
candidates, the possible decay modes of are -wave and -wave while
the possible decay patterns of are -wave and -wave . We speculate that
is partly responsible for the large isospin violation in the
decay mode which is reported by BESIII
collaboration in the process.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev.
Culture, space, and metapopulation: a simulation-based study for evaluating signals of blending and branching
This paper explores the robustness of phylogenetic methods for detecting variations in branching and
blending signals in the archaeological record. Both processes can generate a spatial structure whereby
cultural similarity between different sites decays with increasing spatial distance. By generating a series
of artificial records through the controlled and parameterised environment of an agent-based simulation,
we: a) illustrate the weakness and the strength of different analytical techniques (empirical distogram,
Mantel test, Retention Index, and d-score); b) determine whether they are capable of assessing how
spatial isolation determines cultural diversity; and c) establish whether they can detect variations in the
nature of horizontal transmission over time. Results suggest that variables other than the spatial range of
interaction (e.g. the frequency of fission events, population dynamics, and rates of cultural innovation)
have different effects on the output of some phylogenetic analyses
Are dispersion corrections accurate outside equilibrium? A case study on benzene
Modern approaches to modelling dispersion forces are becoming increasingly accurate, and can predict accurate binding distances and energies. However, it is possible that these successes reflect a fortuitous cancellation of errors at equilibrium. Thus, in this work we investigate whether a selection of modern dispersion methods agree with benchmark calculations across several potential-energy curves of the benzene dimer to determine if they are capable of describing forces and energies outside equilibrium. We find the exchange-hold dipole moment (XDM) model describes most cases with the highest overall agreement with reference data for energies and forces, with many-body dispersion (MBD) and its fractionally ionic (FI) variant performing essentially as well. Popular approaches, such as Grimme-D and van der Waals density functional approximations (vdW-DFAs) underperform on our tests. The meta-GGA M06-L is surprisingly good for a method without explicit dispersion corrections. Some problems with SCAN+rVV10 are uncovered and briefly discussed.<br
Interbacterial competition mediated by the type VIIb secretion system
\ua9 2023 The Authors. Successful occupancy of a given niche requires the colonising bacteria to interact extensively with the biotic and abiotic environment, including other resident microbes. Bacteria have evolved a range of protein secretion machines for this purpose with eleven such systems identified to date. The type VIIb secretion system (T7SSb) is utilised by Bacillota to secrete a range of protein substrates, including antibacterial toxins targeting closely related strains, and the system as a whole has been implicated in a range of activities such as iron acquisition, intercellular signalling, host colonisation and virulence. This review covers the components and secretion mechanism of the T7SSb, the substrates of these systems and their roles in Gram-positive bacteria, with a focus on interbacterial competition
Feynman Rules in the Type III Natural Flavour-Conserving Two-Higgs Doublet Model
We consider a two Higgs-doublet model with symmetry, which implies a
rather than 0 relative phase between the vacuum expectation
values . The corresponding Feynman rules are derived
accordingly and the transformation of the Higgs fields from the weak to the
mass eigenstates includes not only an angle rotation but also a phase
transformation. In this model, both doublets couple to the same type of
fermions and the flavour-changing neutral currents are naturally suppressed. We
also demonstrate that the Type III natural flavour-conserving model is valid at
tree-level even when an explicit symmetry breaking perturbation is
introduced to get a reasonable CKM matrix. In the special case , as the ratio runs from 0 to ,
the dominant Yukawa coupling will change from the first two generations to the
third generation. In the Feynman rules, we also find that the charged Higgs
currents are explicitly left-right asymmetric. The ratios between the left- and
right-handed currents for the quarks in the same generations are estimated.Comment: 16 pages (figures not included), NCKU-HEP/93-1
Calibration of colour gradient bias in shear measurement using HST/CANDELS data
Accurate shape measurements are essential to infer cosmological parameters from large area weak gravitational lensing studies. The compact diffraction-limited point-spread function (PSF) in space-based observations is greatly beneficial, but its chromaticity for a broad band observation can lead to new subtle effects that could hitherto be ignored: the PSF of a galaxy is no longer uniquely defined and spatial variations in the colours of galaxies result in biases in the inferred lensing signal. Taking Euclid as a reference, we show that this colourgradient bias (CG bias) can be quantified with high accuracy using available multi-colour Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data. In particular we study how noise in the HST observations might impact such measurements and find this to be negligible. We determine the CG bias using HST observations in the F606W and F814W filters and observe a correlation with the colour, in line with expectations, whereas the dependence with redshift is weak. The biases for individual galaxies are generally well below 1%, which may be reduced further using morphological information from the Euclid data. Our results demonstrate that CG bias should not be ignored, but it is possible to determine its amplitude with sufficient precision, so that it will not significantly bias the weak lensing measurements using Euclid data
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