2,513 research outputs found
Evaluation of Target Date Funds
Target date funds are an emerging class of investment products, designed for retirement savings. The project considered methodologies for ranking such funds
On the structure and relationships of Trigonocarpus shorensis, sp. nov. : a new seed from the Palaeozoic rocks.
PhDThe bulk of the material which forms the basis of
this communication was placed in the writer's hands for
investigation by Prof. P. W. Oliver. And I gladly take
this opportunity of expressing my deep indebtedness to
him for much helpful advice and criticism and also for
putting at my disposal for examination such slides of the
University College Collection as I have had occasion to
consult.
My thanks are also due to Dr. D. H. Scott and to
Prof. F. E. Wells for the loan of preparations of this
seed. To Dr. Scott I am also indebted for permitting
me to examine the more important sections in his unique
collection of Trigonooarpus Parkinsoni, without which an
adequate comparison between the two seeds would not have
been possible.
A full description of the new seed is embodied in
the following pages together with a consideration of its
relationships and the theoretical questions to which its
structure gives rise. In the former connection the
organisation of Trigonocarpus Oliveri is reconsidered and good reasons are shown for its exclusion from that
genus.
The same methods have been employed in the reconstruction
of the present seed as were used in the investigation of Conostoma oblongum and C. anglo-germanicum.
These have been recently described by the writer and
need not be recapitulated here.
In order to facilitate reference the same general
plan of arrangement has been adopted as has been employed in other recent papers dealing with fossil seeds
Exercise rehabilitation for recovery from critical illness (Protocol)
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
As part of an ongoing research education programme.This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation programmes, initiated after ICU discharge, on improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life in adult ICU survivors who have been mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours.
We will compare an exercise intervention to any other intervention or a control or 'usual care' programme. Exercise includes any structured or taught programmes. Respiratory or inspiratory muscle training is excluded due to it being initiated within the ICU environment, for example with weaning from a ventilator, and not as post-discharge rehabilitation as required for this review.sch_phyAngus 1997
Angus, DC. Understanding the incidence and long-term outcomes
of ARDS. In: Gullo, A editor(s). Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care
and emergency medicine: a scientific report. Berlin Heidelberg New
York: Springer, 1997:289-98.
Angus 2003
Angus DC, Carlet J, Brussels Roundtable 2002 Participants.
Surviving intensive care: a report from the 2002 Brussels
Roundtable. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29(3):368-77.
[PUBMED: 12536269 ]
Baumgartner 1999
Baumgartner WA,Walinsky PL, Salazar JD, Tseng EE, Brock MV,
Doty JR, et al.Assessing the impact of cerebral injury after cardiac
surgery: will determining the mechanism reduce the injury?. The
Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999;67(6):1871-3. [PUBMED:
10391329]
Brown 1990
Brown AB, McCartney N, Sale DG. Positive adaptation to weightlifting
in the elderly. Journal of Applied Physiology 1990;69(5):
1725-33. [PUBMED: 2272965]
Burtin 2009
Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D,
Troosters T, et al.Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances
short-term functional recovery. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37(9):
2499-505. [PUBMED: 19623052]
Chaboyer 2003
Chaboyer W, Grace J. Following the path of ICU survivors: a
quality improvement activity. Nursing in Critical Care 2003;8(4):
149-55. [PUBMED: 12940690]
Eddleston 2000
Eddleston J, White P, Guthrie E. Survival, morbidity, and quality of
life after discharge from intensive care. Critical Care Medicine 2000;
28(7):2293-9. [PUBMED: 10921555]
Elliott 2006
Elliott D, McKinley S, Alison J, Aitken L, King M. Study protocol:
Home-based rehabilitation for survivors of a critical illness. Critical
Care 2006;10(3):R90. [PUBMED: 16792792 ]
Fiatarone 1994
Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR,
Nelson ME, et al.Exercise training and nutritional supplementation
for physical frailty in very elderly people. New England Journal of
Medicine 1994;330(25):1769-75. [PUBMED: 8190152]
Fletcher 2003
Fletcher S, Kennedy D, Ghosh I, Misra V, Kiff K, et al.Persistant
neuromuscular and neurophysiological abnormalities in long-term
survivors of prolonged critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 2003;
31(4):1012-6. [PUBMED: 12682465]
Frank 2000
Frank M, Schlapfer H, Otte B, Yasikoff N, Conzelmann M. Results
of neurorehabilitation. An outcome study 20 months after stroke.
Praxis 2000;89(44):1799-808. [PUBMED: 11109917]
Gill 2002
Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M, Peduzzi PN, Allore H, Byers A.
A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly
persons who live at home. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;
347(14):1068-74. [PUBMED: 12362007]
Grimby 1986
Grimby G. Physical activity and muscle training in the elderly. Acta
Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1986;711:233-7.
[PUBMED: 3535411]
Guyatt 2008
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y,
Schunemann HJ, et al.What is quality of evidence- and why is it
important to clinicians?. BMJ 2008;336:995-8. [PUBMED:
18456631]
Higgins 2008
Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic
Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008].
Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org: The Cochrane
Collaboration, 2008.
Iversen 2003
Iversen MD, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Enhancing function in older
adults with chronic low back pain: a pilot study of endurance
training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84
(9):1324-31. [PUBMED: 13680569]
Jolliffe 2001
Jolliffe J, Rees K, Taylor RRS, Thompson DR, Oldridge N,
Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. [DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD001800.]
King 1998
King J, Crowe J. Mobilisation practices in Canadian critical care
units. Physiotherapy Canada 1998;50(3):206-11. [MEDLINE:
0346574]
Kouidi 2002
Kouidi E. Exercise training in dialysis patients: why, when, and
how?. Artificial Organs 2002;26(12):1009-13. [PUBMED:
12460377]
Krishnan 2002
Krishnan KR, Delong M, Kraemer H, Carney R, Spiegel D,
Gordon C, et al.Comorbidity of depression with other medical
diseases in the elderly. Biological Psychiatry 2002;52(6):559-88.
[PUBMED: 12361669]
Lavie 2009
Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, Allison TG, Milani RV. Exercise
training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary
prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009;
84(4):373-83. [PUBMED: 19339657]
Lewis 2003
Lewis M. Intensive care unit rehabilitation within the United
Kingdom: a review. Physiotherapy 2003;89(9):531-8. [DOI:
10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60179-4]
Martin 2005
Martin M, Salim A, Murray J, Demetriades D, Belzberg H, Rhee P.
The decreasing incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress
syndrome after injury: a 5-year observational study. Journal of
Trauma 2005;50(5):1107-13. [PUBMED: 16385287]
Mazzeo 2001
Mazzeo RS, Tanaka H. Exercise prescription for the elderly: current
recommendations. Sports Medicine 2001;31(11):809-18.
[PUBMED: 11583105]
Miller 2002
Miller MD, Crotty M, Giles LC, Bannerman E, Whitehead C,
Cobiac L, et al.Corrected arm muscle area: an independent
predictor of long-term mortality in community dwelling older
adults?. Journal of the America Geriatrics Society 2002;50(7):
1272-7. [PUBMED: 12133024]
Paffenbarger 1986
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hseih CC. Physical activity,
all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England
Journal of Medicine 1986;314(10):605-13. [PUBMED: 3945246]
Puhan 2006
Puhan MA, Busching G, Schunemann HJ, VanOort E, Zaugg C,
Frey M. Interval versus continuous high-intensity exercise in
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals
of Internal Medicine 2006;145(11):816-25. [PUBMED:
17146066]
Rantanen 2000
Rantanen T, Harris T, Leveille SG, Visser M, Foley D, et al.Muscle
strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality
in initially healthy men. Journal of Gerontology. Series A: Biological
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10795731]
RevMan 5.0
The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration.
Review Manager (RevMan). 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic
Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
Schweickert 2009
Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ,
Esbrook CL, et al.Early physical and occupational therapy in
mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised
controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373(epub):1874-82. [PUBMED:
19446324]
Smith 2006
Smith TP, Kennedy SL, Smith M, Orent S, Fleshner M.
Physiological improvements and health benefits during an exercisebased
comprehensive rehabilitation program in medically complex
patients. Exercise Immunology Review 2006;12:86-96. [PUBMED:
17201074]
Stiller 2000
Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: toward an evidence-based
practice. Chest 2000;118(6):1801-13. [PUBMED: 11115476]
Storch 2008
Storch EK, Kruszynski DM. From rehabilitation to optimal
function: role of clinical exercise therapy. Current Opinion in
Critcal Care 2008;14(4):451-5. [PUBMED: 18614911]
Wiles 2009
Wiles L, Stiller K. Passive limb movements for patients in an
intensive care unit: A survey of physiotherapy practice in Australia.
Journal of Critical Care 2009;epub:ahead of print. [PUBMED:
19819105]
Yoshida 1999
Yoshida T, Kohzuki M, Yoshida K, Hiwatari M, Kamimoto M,
Yamamoto C, et al.Physical and psychological improvements after
phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial
infarction. Nursing & Health Sciences 1999;1(3):163-70.
[PUBMED: 10894639]
Indicates the major publication for the study8pub1756pubArt.
Optimal initiation of a GLWB in a variable annuity: no arbitrage approach
This paper offers a financial economic perspective on the optimal time (and
age) at which the owner of a Variable Annuity (VA) policy with a Guaranteed
Living Withdrawal Benefit (GLWB) rider should initiate guaranteed lifetime
income payments. We abstract from utility, bequest and consumption preference
issues by treating the VA as liquid and tradable. This allows us to use an
American option pricing framework to derive a so-called optimal initiation
region. Our main practical finding is that given current design parameters in
which volatility (asset allocation) is restricted to less than 20%, while
guaranteed payout rates (GPR) as well as bonus (roll-up) rates are less than
5%, GLWBs that are in-the-money should be turned on by the late 50s and
certainly the early 60s. The exception to the rule is when a non-constant GPR
is about to increase (soon) to a higher age band, in which case the optimal
policy is to wait until the new GPR is hit and then initiate immediately. Also,
to offer a different perspective, we invert the model and solve for the bonus
(roll-up) rate that is required to justify delaying initiation at any age. We
find that the required bonus is quite high and more than what is currently
promised by existing products. Our methodology and results should be of
interest to researchers as well as to the individuals that collectively have
over \$1 USD trillion in aggregate invested in these products. We conclude by
suggesting that much of the non-initiation at older age is irrational (which
obviously benefits the insurance industry.
Development of a high temperature battery final report
Development of battery with lithium-magnesium alloy anode, molten cuprous chloride cathode, and zeolite separator cells and cupric oxide cathode and porous glass separator cell
Crustal Accretion in the Gulf of California: An Intermediaterate Spreading Axis
An important objective of Deep Sea Drilling Project
(DSDP) Leg 65 was to study crustal accretion at an ocean
ridge axis with an intermediate-spreading rate for comparison
with previously studied sections displaying slowand
fast-spreading rates. The southern Gulf of California
was selected for this purpose because the basement displays
high seismic velocities (comparable to those observed
for Cretaceous basement in the western North
Atlantic) and high ambient sedimentation rates, which
facilitated penetration of zero-age basement. Four sites
were drilled, forming an axial transect immediately south
of the Tamayo Fracture Zone (Figs. 1 and 2) and providing
a series of characteristic sections into the crust. This
chapter attempts to provide a brief synthesis of the results
from Leg 65, focusing particularly on the lithology,
geochemistry, and paleomagnetic properties of the
cored basement material. From these data, we present
an interpretation of the processes of magmatic evolution
and crustal accretion occurring at the Gulf of California
spreading axis
Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework
This is the final version. Available on open access from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this recordData sharing: Technical appendix and statistical code available from the corresponding author ([email protected]). The dataset was derived from the General Practice Research Database and is not available from the authors, but it can be derived on application to GPRD.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the incentive scheme for UK general practitioners led them to neglect activities not included in the scheme. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of achievement rates for 42 activities (23 included in incentive scheme, 19 not included) selected from 428 identified indicators of quality of care. SETTING: 148 general practices in England (653 500 patients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Achievement rates projected from trends in the pre-incentive period (2000-1 to 2002-3) and actual rates in the first three years of the scheme (2004-5 to 2006-7). RESULTS: Achievement rates improved for most indicators in the pre-incentive period. There were significant increases in the rate of improvement in the first year of the incentive scheme (2004-5) for 22 of the 23 incentivised indicators. Achievement for these indicators reached a plateau after 2004-5, but quality of care in 2006-7 remained higher than that predicted by pre-incentive trends for 14 incentivised indicators. There was no overall effect on the rate of improvement for non-incentivised indicators in the first year of the scheme, but by 2006-7 achievement rates were significantly below those predicted by pre-incentive trends. CONCLUSIONS: There were substantial improvements in quality for all indicators between 2001 and 2007. Improvements associated with financial incentives seem to have been achieved at the expense of small detrimental effects on aspects of care that were not incentivised.There was no direct funding for this study, but the National Primary Care Research and Development Centre receives core funding from the UK Department of Health
A trick for passing degenerate points in Ashtekar formulation
We examine one of the advantages of Ashtekar's formulation of general
relativity: a tractability of degenerate points from the point of view of
following the dynamics of classical spacetime. Assuming that all dynamical
variables are finite, we conclude that an essential trick for such a continuous
evolution is in complexifying variables. In order to restrict the complex
region locally, we propose some `reality recovering' conditions on spacetime.
Using a degenerate solution derived by pull-back technique, and integrating the
dynamical equations numerically, we show that this idea works in an actual
dynamical problem. We also discuss some features of these applications.Comment: 9 pages by RevTeX or 16 pages by LaTeX, 3 eps figures and epsf-style
file are include
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