The earliest domestic cat on the Silk Road

We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775–940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan. This urban settlement was located on the intersection of the northern Silk Road route which linked the cities of Khorezm in the south to the trading settlements in the Volga region to the north and was known in the tenth century CE as the capital of the nomad Oghuz. The presence of this domestic cat, presented here as an osteobiography using a combination of zooarchaeological, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of human-animal relationships within a previously pastoral region. This illustrates the broader social, cultural, and economic changes occurring within the context of rapid urbanisation during the early medieval period along the Silk Road

Extraction of energy-dense components of the combustible materials in the environment pure and modified supercritical CO2

The results of experimental studies of solubility of TNT in pure and modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) are presented. Studies were carried out in a temperature range of 308.15-333.15 K and pressure interval 10.0-35.0 MPa on circulating type supercritical fluid extraction plant, R-401 produced by "Reaction Engineering Ink. " (South Korea). Experimental solubility data was described using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. The results of SC-CO2 - extraction of TNT from samples of hard burning materials and the efficiency of this process are shown

Solvability in the small and interior Schauder type estimates for higher order elliptic equations in weighted Banach function spaces

We consider m-th order linear, uniformly elliptic equation L u=f with non-smooth coefficients in Banach-Sobolev space W_{X_{w} }^{m} (\Omega ) generated by weighted general Banach Function Space (BFS) X_{w} (\Omega) on a bounded domain \Omega \subset R^{n}. Supposing boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood Maximal and Calderòn-Zygmund singular operators in X_{w} (\Omega) we obtain solvability in the small in W_{X_{w} }^{m} (\Omega ) and establish interior Schauder type a priori estimates for the corresponding elliptic operator. These results will be used in order to obtain Fredholmness of the operator under consideration in X_{w} (\Omega) with suitable weight. In addition, we analyze some examples of weighted BFS that verify our assumptions and in which the corresponding Schauder type estimates and Fredholmness of the operator hold true. This approach and the obtained results are new even for well studied spaces as the Morrey spaces, grand Lebesgue spaces, and Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents

Measurements of the thermal conductivity of n-hexane in the supercritical region

Measurements of the thermal conductivity of supercritical n-hexane performed in a coaxial cylinder cell operating in steady state conditions are reported. The present 1321 data of the thermal conductivity of n-hexane were carried out along ten quasi-isotherms above the critical temperature. These data cover the temperature range from 508.17 K to 553.00 K and the pressure range 0.l to 10 MPa. An analysis of the various sources of error leads to an estimated uncertainty that do not exceed 4% (95 level of confidence). The parameters of a background equation previously determined from 577 data of the thermal conductivity of gas and liquid n-hexane are reused here in order to analyze the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and density. A set of theoretical Ising-like equations are re-formulated to describe the thermal conductivity critical enhancement along the near-critical isochoric lines in terms of the effective power laws fitting the singular behavior of the needed fluid properties as functions of the finite temperature distance to the critical point. Assuming the knowledge of the regular temperature behavior of the viscosity, the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity appears then only characterized by a single effective amplitude. Such a separated analysis of the well-defined temperature effects provides the empirical functional form of the density effects, as a 6th-order polynomial density function, which can be normed whatever the temperature. Finally, our complete formulation of the total thermal conductivity describes, within three standard deviations (with SD = 1.0388%), the 1898 thermal conductivity measurements of n-hexane from 293 to 612 K and densities up to 670 kg m−3