Dynamical Behavior of a Pile Under Earthquake Type Loading

In order to obtain a theoretical prediction on the seismic response of the soil-pile structure systems, the frequency response of the soil-pile system excited by ground incident waves may be necessary in addition to the response due to the excitation at the pile head. This paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis based on the three-dimensional wave propagation theory to find dynamical interaction characteristics of an elastic pile embedded in the viscoelastic soil stratum on a rigid bed rock, subjected to a concentrated external force or forced displacement at the pile head and to uniformly distributed bed rock motion. In dealing with this complicated boundary configuration and exciting condition, the technique of superposition principle associated with the auxiliary sub problems is effectively used. And, the governing equations in frequency domain reduce to the Fredholm type integral equations of the second kind, whose solutions are expressed in terms of multiple summations and integrals

Nonlinear Dynamic Impedance of Pile Group Foundation

The dynamic impedance of a pile group must be determined to perform a dynamic response analysis of the structure it supports. This problem has attracted continued research interest, but most research to date has been on linear soil media. When the excitation level becomes large during an earthquake or a machine type excitation, stress concentration occurs in the soil surrounding the pile, causing the soil to behave nonlinearly. Calculation of pile group impedance necessitates analysis of pile-soil-pile interaction. Any soil nonlinearity around the piles must be taken into account in this analysis. However, the effect of nonlinearity on dynamic impedance has not been examined adequately. This paper describes an analysis method, and presents numerical results for the nonlinear dynamic impedance of a pile group and for the distribution of forces on the pile caps

A method for generating developments using decomposition into the meaningful components of 3D polygon models

We propose a method for generating developments from 3D polygon models automatically. The conventional method generates the developments whose components are not interfering each together, by using collision detection between all polygons. However, for the model which consists of a large number of polygons, it is necessary to decompose the development into several parts manually. Therefore it is difficult to generate the development which is easy to be assembled. Our method decomposes the polygon model into meaningful components such as arms, legs, and so on, and develops them. This makes it easy to understand which parts should be glued together, and handcraft bending or folding the developments when a user assembles the paper craft

Electron correlation in FeSe superconductor studied by bulk-sensitive photoemission spectroscopy

We have investigated the electronic structures of recently discovered superconductor FeSe by soft-x-ray and hard-x-ray photoemission spectroscopy with high bulk sensitivity. The large Fe 3d spectral weight is located in the vicinity of the Fermi level (EF), which is demonstrated to be a coherent quasi-particle peak. Compared with the results of the band structure calculation with local-density approximation, Fe 3d band narrowing and the energy shift of the band toward EF are found, suggesting an importance of the electron correlation effect in FeSe. The self energy correction provides the larger mass enhancement value (Z^-1=3.6) than in Fe-As superconductors and enables us to separate a incoherent part from the spectrum. These features are quite consistent with the results of recent dynamical mean-field calculations, in which the incoherent part is attributed to the lower Hubbard band.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 talbl

Physicochemical Characterization And Antioxidant Capacity Of Pitanga Fruits (eugenia Uniflora L.) [caracterização Fisico-química E Capacidade Antioxidante De Pitangas (eugenia Uniflora L.)]

This study was carried out to obtain more information about the physicochemical properties, composition, and antioxidant activity of pitanga fruits (Eugenia uniflora L.), particularly fruits from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pitanga with different flesh colors (purple, red, and orange) from tree selections cultivated at Embrapa Clima Temperado (RS-Brazil) were analyzed. Only slight differences were observed in the quality parameters and in the proximate and fatty acid compositions among the fruits studied. The extracts from purple-fleshed pitanga had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin contents along with the highest antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of methanolic pitanga extracts was highly correlated with the total phenolic content, but in ethanolic extracts, the anthocyanin content was correlated only with the FRAP antioxidant capacity. Orange fleshed pitanga had higher β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene levels than those of the red fruit, which had higher lycopene content. The results indicate that the purple-fleshed pitanga, cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul, is a rich source of phenolic compounds and has high antioxidant capacity. The red and orange-fleshed pitanga, on the other hand, are rich sources of carotenoids.311147154Abidille, M.D.H., Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits (2005) Food Chemistry, 90 (4), pp. 891-896Adebajo, A.C., Oloki, K.J., Aladesanmi, A., Antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora (1989) Journal of Phytotherapy Resource, 3 (6), pp. 258-259Aherne, S.A., O'Brien, N.M., Dietary flavonols: Chemistry, food content, and metabolism (2002) Nutrition, 18 (1), pp. 75-81(1995) Official methods of analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists, , ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS-AOAC, 16th ed. Arlington, Virginia: AOACAzevedo-Meleiro, C.H., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Confirmation of the identity of the carotenoids of tropical fruits by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS (2004) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 17 (3-4), pp. 385-396Bagetti, M., Antioxidant capacity and composition of pitanga seeds (2009) Ciência Rural, 39 (8), pp. 204-2510Beekwilder, J., Antioxidant in raspberry: On-line analysis links antioxidant activity to a diversity of individual metabolites (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (9), pp. 3313-3320Benzie, F.F.I., Strain, J.J., The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay (1996) Analytical Biochemistry, 239 (1), pp. 70-76Bligh, E.G., Dyer, W.J., A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification (1959) Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37 (8), pp. 911-917Block, G., Patterson, B., Subar, A., Fruits, vegetables and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence (1992) Nutrition and Cancer, 18 (1), pp. 1-29Bors, W., Flavonoids as antioxidants: Determination of radical scavenging efficiencies (1990) Methods in Enzymology, 186, pp. 343-355Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berset, C., Use of a free radical method to evaluated antioxidant activity (1995) Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 28 (1), pp. 25-30Regulamento técnico geral para fixação dos padrões de identidade e qualidade para polpa de fruta (2000) Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, p. 54. , http://extranet.agricultura.gov.br/sislegisconsulta/consultarLegislacao. do?operacao=visualizar&id=7777, BRASIL. Instrução Normativa, no 1, de 7 de janeiro de 2000, Brasília, DF, 10 jan, Seção 1, Disponível em:, Acesso em: 18 dez. 2008Cavalcante, M.L., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Carotenoid composition of the tropical fruits Eugenia uniflora and Malpighia glabra (1992) Food Science and Human Nutrition, pp. 643-650. , In: CHARALAMBOUS, G. (Ed.), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science PublishersClinton, S.K., Lycopene: Chemistry, biology, and implications for human health and disease (1998) Nutrition Reviews, 56 (2), pp. 35-51Consolini, A.E., Sarubbio, M., Pharmacological effects of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) aqueous extract on rat's heart (2002) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81 (1), pp. 57-63di Mascio, P., Kaiser, S., Sies, H., Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher (1989) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 274 (2), pp. 532-538Dillard, C.J., German, J.B., Phytochemicals: Neutraceuticals and human health (2000) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80 (12), pp. 1744-1756Diplock, A.T., Functional food sciences and defense against reactive oxidative species (1998) British Journal of Nutrition, 80 (1), pp. 77-112Escarpa, A., Gonzalez, M.C., Approach to the content of total extractable phenolic compounds from different food samples by comparison of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods (2001) Analytica Chimica Acta, 427 (1), pp. 119-127Gemtchüjnicov, I.D., (1976) Manual de taxonomia vegetal: Plantas de interesse econômico, agrícola, ornamentais e medicinais, p. 368. , São Paulo: CeresGenovese, M.I., Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of exotic fruits commercial frozen pulps from Brazil (2008) Food Science and Technology International, 4 (3), pp. 207-214Hartman, L., Lago, B.C., A rapid preparation of fatty methyl esters from lipids (1973) Laboratory Practice, 22 (6), pp. 475-477Hassimotto, N.M.A., Genovese, M.I., Lajolo, F.M., Antioxidant activity of dietary fruits, vegetables, and commercial frozen fruit pulps (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (8), pp. 2928-2935Kaur, C., Kapoor, H., Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables-the millennium's health (2001) International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 36 (7), pp. 703-725Kimura, M., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Yokoyama, S.M., Cultivar differences and geographic effects on the carotenoid composition and vitamin A value of papaya (1991) Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 24 (5), pp. 415-418Krinsky, N.I., Johnson, E.J., Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease (2005) Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26 (6), pp. 459-516Kris-Etherton, P.M., Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer (2002) American Journal of Medicine, 113 (9), pp. 71-88Kuskoski, M.E., Frutas tropicais silvestres e polpas de frutas congeladas: Atividade antioxidante, polifenóis e antocianinas (2006) Ciência Rural, 36 (4), pp. 1283-1287Lees, D.H., Francis, F.J., Standardization of pigment analyses in cranberries (1972) Hortscience, 7 (1), pp. 83-84Lima, V.L.A.G., Mélo, E.A., Lima, D.E.S., Fenólicos e carotenóides totais em pitanga (2002) Scientia Agricola, 59 (3), pp. 447-450Niizu, P.Y., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., A melancia como fonte de licopeno (2003) Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 62 (3), pp. 195-199Oliveira, A.L., Volatile compounds from pitanga fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) (2006) Food Chemistry, 99 (1), pp. 1-5Padula, M., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Characterization of the carotenoids and assessment of the vitamin A value of Brazilian guavas (Psidium guajava L.) (1986) Food Chemistry, 20 (1), pp. 11-19Pellegrini, N., Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of some fruit and vegetable foods: Efficiency of extraction of a sequence of solvents (2007) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87 (1), pp. 103-111Pietta, P.G., Flavonoids as antioxidants (2000) Journal of Natural Products, 63 (7), pp. 1035-1042Pinto, M.S., Lajolo, F.M., Genovese, M.I., Bioactive compounds and quantification of total ellagic acid in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) (2007) Food Chemistry, 107 (4), pp. 1629-1635Porcu, O.M., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Variation in the carotenoid composition of the lycopene-rich Brazilian fruit Eugenia uniflora L (2008) Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 63 (4), pp. 195-199Prior, R.L., Cao, G., Antioxidant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables: Diet and health implications (2000) Horticulture Science, 35 (4), pp. 588-592Rahman, I., Adcock, I.M., Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD (2006) European Respiratory Journal, 28 (1), pp. 219-242Reynerston, K.A., Quantitative analysis of antiradical phenolic constituents from fourteen edible Myrtaceae fruits (2008) Food Chemistry, 109 (4), pp. 883-890Robards, K., Antolovich, M., Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids (1997) Analyst, 122, pp. 11R-34RRodriguez-Amaya, D.B., (1999) A guide to carotenoid analysis in foods, , Washington, D.C.: ILSI PressSalgado, S.M., Guerra, N.B., Melo Filho, A.B., Frozen fruit pulps: Effects of the processing on dietary fiber contents (1999) Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 12 (3), pp. 303-308Scalzo, J., Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit (2005) Nutrition, 21 (2), pp. 207-213Singleton, V.L., Rossi Jr., J.A., Colorimetry of total phenolic with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents (1965) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16 (3), pp. 144-158Stahl, W., Sies, H., Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids (2005) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1740 (2), pp. 101-107Tapiero, H., Townsend, D.M., Tew, K.D., The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies (2004) Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 58 (2), pp. 100-110(2006) Tabela brasileira de composição de alimentos-TACO, p. 113. , UNIVERSIDADE DE CAMPINAS-UNICAMP, 2. ed. Version II. Campinas: NEPA/UNICAMPVison, J.A., Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: Vegetables (1998) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46 (9), pp. 4113-4117Weyerstahl, P., Volatile constituents of Eugenia uniflora leaf oil (1988) Planta Médica, 54 (6), pp. 546-54

Genopal™: A Novel Hollow Fibre Array for Focused Microarray Analysis

Expression profiling of target genes in patient blood is a powerful tool for RNA diagnosis. Here, we describe Genopal™, a novel platform ideal for efficient focused microarray analysis. Genopal™, which consists of gel-filled fibres, is advantageous for high-quality mass production via large-scale slicing of the Genopal™ block. We prepared two arrays, infectant and autoimmunity, that provided highly reliable data in terms of repetitive scanning of the same and/or distinct microarrays. Moreover, we demonstrated that Genopal™ had sensitivity sufficient to yield signals in short hybridization times (0.5 h). Application of the autoimmunity array to blood samples allowed us to identify an expression pattern specific to Takayasu arteritis based on the Spearman rank correlation by comparing the reference profile with those of several autoimmune diseases and healthy volunteers (HVs). The comparison of these data with those obtained by other methods revealed that they exhibited similar expression profiles of many target genes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Genopal™ is an advantageous platform for focused microarrays with regard to its low cost, rapid results and reliable quality