26 research outputs found
Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
The isolated electronic spin system of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centre in
diamond offers unique possibilities to be employed as a nanoscale sensor for
detection and imaging of weak magnetic fields. Magnetic imaging with nanometric
resolution and field detection capabilities in the nanotesla range are enabled
by the atomic-size and exceptionally long spin-coherence times of this
naturally occurring defect. The exciting perspectives that ensue from these
characteristics have triggered vivid experimental activities in the emerging
field of "NV magnetometry". It is the purpose of this article to review the
recent progress in high-sensitivity nanoscale NV magnetometry, generate an
overview of the most pertinent results of the last years and highlight
perspectives for future developments. We will present the physical principles
that allow for magnetic field detection with NV centres and discuss first
applications of NV magnetometers that have been demonstrated in the context of
nano magnetism, mesoscopic physics and the life sciences.Comment: Review article, 28 pages, 16 figure
Quantitative stray field imaging of a magnetic vortex core
Thin-film ferromagnetic disks present a vortex spin structure whose dynamics,
added to the small size (~10 nm) of their core, earned them intensive study.
Here we use a scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center microscope to
quantitatively map the stray magnetic field above a 1 micron-diameter disk of
permalloy, unambiguously revealing the vortex core. Analysis of both
probe-to-sample distance and tip motion effects through stroboscopic
measurements, allows us to compare directly our quantitative images to
micromagnetic simulations of an ideal structure. Slight perturbations with
respect to the perfect vortex structure are clearly detected either due to an
applied in-plane magnetic field or imperfections of the magnetic structures.
This work demonstrates the potential of scanning NV microscopy to map tiny
stray field variations from nanostructures, providing a nanoscale,
non-perturbative detection of their magnetic texture.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Measuring the magnetic moment density in patterned ultrathin ferromagnets with submicron resolution
We present a new approach to infer the surface density of magnetic moments
in ultrathin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy. It relies
on quantitative stray field measurements with an atomic-size magnetometer based
on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The method is applied to
microstructures patterned in a 1-nm-thick film of CoFeB. We report measurements
of with a few percent uncertainty and a spatial resolution in the range
of nm), an improvement by several orders of magnitude over existing
methods. As an example of application, we measure the modifications of
induced by local irradiation with He ions in an ultrathin ferromagnetic
wire. This method offers a new route to study variations of magnetic properties
at the nanoscale.Comment: 9 pages and 7 figures including main text and Supplemental
Informatio
Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing
We report an experimental study of the longitudinal relaxation time ()
of the electron spin associated with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects
hosted in nanodiamonds (ND). We first show that decreases over three
orders of magnitude when the ND size is reduced from 100 to 10 nm owing to the
interaction of the NV electron spin with a bath of paramagnetic centers lying
on the ND surface. We next tune the magnetic environment by decorating the ND
surface with Gd ions and observe an efficient -quenching, which
demonstrates magnetic noise sensing with a single electron spin. We estimate a
sensitivity down to electron spins detected within 10 s, using a
single NV defect hosted in a 10-nm-size ND. These results pave the way towards
-based nanoscale imaging of the spin density in biological samples.Comment: Main text with 4 figures together with supplemental informatio
The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry
The recent observation of current-induced domain wall (DW) motion with large
velocity in ultrathin magnetic wires has opened new opportunities for
spintronic devices. However, there is still no consensus on the underlying
mechanisms of DW motion. Key to this debate is the DW structure, which can be
of Bloch or N\'eel type, and dramatically affects the efficiency of the
different proposed mechanisms. To date, most experiments aiming to address this
question have relied on deducing the DW structure and chirality from its motion
under additional in-plane applied fields, which is indirect and involves strong
assumptions on its dynamics. Here we introduce a general method enabling
direct, in situ, determination of the DW structure in ultrathin ferromagnets.
It relies on local measurements of the stray field distribution above the DW
using a scanning nanomagnetometer based on the Nitrogen-Vacancy defect in
diamond. We first apply the method to a Ta/Co40Fe40B20(1 nm)/MgO magnetic wire
and find clear signature of pure Bloch DWs. In contrast, we observe left-handed
N\'eel DWs in a Pt/Co(0.6 nm)/AlOx wire, providing direct evidence for the
presence of a sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) at the Pt/Co
interface. This method offers a new path for exploring interfacial DMI in
ultrathin ferromagnets and elucidating the physics of DW motion under current.Comment: Main text and Supplementary Information, 33 pages and 12 figure
Stray-field imaging of magnetic vortices with a single diamond spin
Despite decades of advances in magnetic imaging, obtaining direct, quantitative information with nanometre scale spatial resolution remains an outstanding challenge. Recently, a technique has emerged that employs a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond as an atomic-size magnetometer, which promises significant advances. However, the effectiveness of the technique when applied to magnetic nanostructures remains to be demonstrated. Here we use a scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometer to image a magnetic vortex, which is one of the most iconic objects of nanomagnetism, owing to the small size (~10 nm) of the vortex core. We report three-dimensional, vectorial and quantitative measurements of the stray magnetic field emitted by a vortex in a ferromagnetic square dot, including the detection of the vortex core. We find excellent agreement with micromagnetic simulations, both for regular vortex structures and for higher-order magnetization states. These experiments establish scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry as a practical and unique tool for fundamental studies in nanomagnetism