Cultura do sorgo sacarino.

Só existe crise para usineiro quando a usina está parada. Esta foi a frase que ouvi outro dia de um encarregado de campo em uma usina. A entressafra de cana-de-açúcar em Alagoas está chegando ao fim. Depois de um período que se estendeu desde março/abril, usinas como Santo Antonio e Camaragibe já anunciam o início da safra para os próximos dias.bitstream/item/123122/1/17-cultura-do-sorgo.pd

Advanced onboard storage concepts for natural gas-fueled automotive vehicles

The evaluation of several advanced concepts for storing natural gas at reduced pressure is presented. The advanced concepts include adsorption on high surface area carbon, adsorption in high porosity zeolite, storage in clathration compounds, and storage by dissolution in liquid solvents. High surface area carbons with high packing density are the best low pressure storage mediums. A simple mathematical model is used to compare adsorption storage on a state of the art carbon with compression storage. The model indicates that a vehicle using adsorption storage of natural gas at 3.6 MPa will have 36 percent of the range, on the EPA city cycle, of a vehicle operating on a compression storage system having the same physical size and a peak storage pressure of 21 MPa. Preliminary experiments and current literature suggest that the storage capacity of state of the art carbons could be improved by as much as 50 percent, and that adsorption systems having a capacity equal to compression storage at 14 MPa are possible without exceeding a maximum pressure of 3.6 MPa

KATP Channel Openers Have Opposite Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration Under Different Energetic Conditions

Mitochondrial (m) KATP channel opening has been implicated in triggering cardiac preconditioning. Its consequence on mitochondrial respiration, however, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of two different KATP channel openers and antagonists on mitochondrial respiration under two different energetic conditions. Oxygen consumption was measured for complex I (pyruvate/malate) or complex II (succinate with rotenone) substrates in mitochondria from fresh guinea pig hearts. One of two mKATP channel openers, pinacidil or diazoxide, was given before adenosine diphosphate in the absence or presence of an mKATP channel antagonist, glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate. Without ATP synthase inhibition, both mKATP channel openers differentially attenuated mitochondrial respiration. Neither mKATP channel antagonist abolished these effects. When ATP synthase was inhibited by oligomycin to decrease [ATP], both mKATP channel openers accelerated respiration for both substrate groups. This was abolished by mKATP channel blockade. Thus, under energetically more physiological conditions, the main effect of mKATP channel openers on mitochondrial respiration is differential inhibition independent of mKATP channel opening. In contrast, under energetically less physiological conditions, mKATP channel opening can be evidenced by accelerated respiration and blockade by antagonists. Therefore, the effects of mKATP channel openers on mitochondrial function likely depend on the experimental conditions and the cell\u27s underlying energetic state

NON-DARCY FLOW EVALUATION OF UNCONSOLIDATED POROUS MEDIA IN A CLOSED LOOP PERMEAMETER

A new closed loop permeameter was implemented in this work to study the fluid flow through two different unconsolidated porous media. An apparent permeability, similar to that proposed by Barree and Conway, was described in this work in terms of the absolute permeability combined with a new fluid property description, the inertial contribution factor that accounts for the domain of viscous and inertial forces. Such approach discriminate those properties of the rock as intrinsic permeability from those related to the fluid as the inertial contribution factor. The apparent permeability equation of Barree and Conway was applied to different intervals of the experimental data in which it was possible to obtain the Forchheimer coefficients as well as the inertial contribution factors according to each interval. Two different types of unconsolidated porous media materials were utilized in the new Closed Loop Permeameter, sand (1-2 mm) and glass spheres (3.96 mm). The equation of Barree and Conway provided a great agreement fitting the experimental data in a wide non-Darcy Reynolds number range. It was observed an increase in the Forchheimer coefficient and decrease in the apparent permeability with the flow rate increase. The results indicate a correlation between the permeability and the inertial effects in the non-Darcy turbulent regions in which the porous media materials with low permeability values are probably more subjected to flow losses due to the inertial effects

Tyrosine Nitration of Voltage-dependent Anion Channels in Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion: Reduction by Peroxynitrite Scavenging

Excess superoxide (O2−) and nitric oxide (NO) forms peroxynitrite (ONOO−) during cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, which in turn induces protein tyrosine nitration (tyr-N). Mitochondria are both a source of and target for ONOO−. Our aim was to identify specific mitochondrial proteins that display enhanced tyr-N after cardiac IR injury, and to explore whether inhibiting O2−/ONOO− during IR decreases mitochondrial protein tyr-N and consequently improves cardiac function. We show here that IR increased tyr-N of 35 and 15 kDa mitochondrial proteins using Western blot analysis with 3-nitrotyrosine antibody. Immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by LC–MS/MS identified 13 protein candidates for tyr-N. IP and Western blot identified and confirmed that the 35 kDa tyr-N protein is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Tyr-N of native cardiac VDAC with IR was verified on recombinant (r) VDAC with exogenous ONOO−. We also found that ONOO− directly enhanced rVDAC channel activity, and rVDAC tyr-N induced by ONOO− formed oligomers. Resveratrol (RES), a scavenger of O2−/ONOO−, reduced the tyr-N levels of both native and recombinant VDAC, while L-NAME, which inhibits NO generation, only reduced tyr-N levels of native VDAC. O2− and ONOO− levels were reduced in perfused hearts during IR by RES and L-NAME and this was accompanied by improved cardiac function. These results identify tyr-N of VDAC and show that reducing ONOO− during cardiac IR injury can attenuate tyr-N of VDAC and improve cardiac function

A Riemann-Hilbert approach to rotating attractors

We construct rotating extremal black hole and attractor solutions in gravity theories by solving a Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the Breitenlohner-Maison linear system. By employing a vectorial Riemann-Hilbert factorization method we explicitly factorize the corresponding monodromy matrices, which have second order poles in the spectral parameter. In the underrotating case we identify elements of the Geroch group which implement Harrison-type transformations which map the attractor geometries to interpolating rotating black hole solutions. The factorization method we use yields an explicit solution to the linear system, from which we do not only obtain the spacetime solution, but also an explicit expression for the master potential encoding the potentials of the infinitely many conserved currents which make this sector of gravity integrable

Marcadores morfológicos em coqueiros (Cocos nucifera L.): coloracão do coleto.

Os marcadores de coloracao do coleto da plantula do coqueiro sao utilizados na certificacao de cruzamentos, baseado na heranca genetica das cores amarela, verde e marrom do coqueiro. Sua adequacao na certificacao e questionada.bitstream/item/44464/1/CPATC-DOCUMENTOS-7-MARCADORES-MORFOLOGICOS-EM-COQUEIROS-COCOS-NUCIFERA-L-COLORACAO-DO-COLETO-FL-1.pd

Desempenho agronômico de sorgo sacarino no agreste alagoano em função da densidade e espaçamento de plantio.

A cana-de-açúcar é colhida em Alagoas, em geral, entre os meses de setembro a março. No restante do ano ocorre a entressafra com a paralisação da moagem. Uma alternativa para aumentar a produção de bioenergia do Estado seria o prolongamento da safra com o uso de culturas com potencial para a produção de etanol durante o período de entressafra e uma das alternativas que poderiam ser utilizadas é o sorgo sacarino. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes espaçamentos e densidades de plantio de sorgo sacarino cultivado em usinas sucroalcooleiras na região Agreste do Estado de Alagoas. Foram avaliados três espaçamentos entre linhas (0,5m, 0,7m e 0,9m) e cinco densidades de plantio (100, 120, 140, 160 e 180 mil plantas.ha-1) no delineamento em parcela subdividida com três repetições. As densidades de plantio não afetaram as características avaliadas. O espaçamento 0,5m proporcionou maior produtividade de massa verde total, massa verde e seca de colmo e produtividade de panículas quando comparado ao espaçamento de 0,9m e maior produtividade de massa verde total em relação ao espaçamento 0,7m