Клинико-лабораторные аспекты ранней диагностики менингеальной и менингоэнцефалитической форм клещевого энцефалита

Clinical displays of the early period of meningitis and meningoencephalitis induced by tick-borne encephalitis have significant similarity and can not serve as reliable criteria of weight, the forecast and differential to therapy. Mixed somatic pathology of degenerative nature, which was revealed in the study of the majority of patients with tick-borne encephalitis, more often including the initial central nervous system affliction under conditions of negative changes of organism reactivity, is regarded as one of the main reasons of infection conversion into disease. The virus becomes an aggression factor at such joint biological causes, changing endobiocenosis, which is of great importance for substantiation of curing therapy.Продолжение статьи, опубликованной в «Сибирском консилиуме», 2007, No 8.Клинические проявления раннего периода менингеальной и менингоэнцефалической форм клещевого энцефалита имеют значительной сходство и не могут служить надежными критериями тяжести, прогноза и дифференцированной терапии. Выявленная в исследовании у большинства заболевших клещевым энцефалитом сочетанная соматическая патология дегенеративного характера, включающая чаще исходное поражение центральной нервной системы в условиях негативных изменений реактивности организма, рассматривается одним из ведущих мотивов обращения инфекции в болезнь. Вирус становится фактором агрессии при совокупности таких биологических причин меняющих эндобиоценоз организма, что важно в обосновании исцеляющей терапии

Лекарственная устойчивость M. tuberculosis (исторические аспекты, современный уровень знаний)

The review presents data on the frequency of detection of drug resistant (DR) tuberculosis mycobacteria (MTB) as well as on the change in DR patterns in Russia and abroad from the mid-50s of the 20th century till the present. Along with the well-known mechanisms for DR MTB development, it tells about new research describing mutations associated with drug resistance.В обзоре приведены данные о частоте выявления микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) с лекарственной устойчивостью (ЛУ), а также об изменении спектра ЛУ в России и за рубежом с середины 50-х годов XX в. до настоящего времени. Наряду с известными механизмами формирования ЛУ МБТ, представлены новые исследования с описанием мутаций, сопряженных с наличием ЛУ

СПЕКТР ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ С ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ К РИФАМПИЦИНУ И РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬЮ К ИЗОНИАЗИДУ У БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ

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Патоморфоз заболеваний бронхолегочной системы у работающих в контакте с аэрозолями цветных металлов

Etiopathogenic features and diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases studying in workers engaged in colored metallurgy have been given in the paper. Polyvalent sensitization to metal allergens (nickel, chrome, beryllium, manganese) was found. A toxic effect of nickel on DNA was shown that could be used as a biomarker of exposure for biological monitoring in colored metallurgy workers. Biochemical investigations determined the main pathogenic mechanisms underlying pathomorphology of bronchopulmonary diseases caused by the exposure of colored metals, such as activation of lipid peroxidation, "proteolysis – antiproteolysis" imbalance, growing significance of infection. This is the first study demonstrating clinical and biochemical parallels between characteristics of development and course of respiratory pathology caused by the exposure of colored metals. Infectious, inflammatory, toxico-allergic, and destructive processes predominated in this pathology. Preventive and rehabilitation strategies have been developed.В статье представлены результаты изучения этиопатогенетических особенностей формирования профессиональных, производственно обусловленных заболеваний у работающих в цветной металлургии, определены критерии их диагностики. Выявлена поливалентная сенсибилизация к основным металлам-аллергенам (никель, хром, марганец, бериллий). Установлено токсическое влияние никеля на ДНК, что может служить биомаркером экспозиции и использоваться для биологического мониторинга у работающих в цветной металлургии.Результаты биохимических исследований определили основные патогенетические механизмы, лежащие в основе патоморфоза бронхолегочной патологии при воздействии аэрозолей цветных металлов: активация перекисного окисления липидов и дисбаланс в системе "протеолиз-антипротеолиз", возрастание роли инфекционного фактора. Впервые выявлены клинико-биохимические параллели между особенностями формирования и течением бронхолегочной патологии, сформировавшейся под воздействием аэрозоля цветных металлов с преобладанием инфекционно-воспалительного, токсико-аллергического, воспалительно-деструктивного компонентов, и биохимическим профилем организма. Разработаны методы профилактики и реабилитации

Disposable sensors in diagnostics, food and environmental monitoring

Disposable sensors are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use sensing devices intended for short‐term or rapid single‐point measurements. The growing demand for fast, accessible, and reliable information in a vastly connected world makes disposable sensors increasingly important. The areas of application for such devices are numerous, ranging from pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, forensic, and food sciences to wearables and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource‐limited settings. The capabilities of disposable sensors can extend beyond measuring traditional physical quantities (for example, temperature or pressure); they can provide critical chemical and biological information (chemo‐ and biosensors) that can be digitized and made available to users and centralized/decentralized facilities for data storage, remotely. These features could pave the way for new classes of low‐cost systems for health, food, and environmental monitoring that can democratize sensing across the globe. Here, a brief insight into the materials and basics of sensors (methods of transduction, molecular recognition, and amplification) is provided followed by a comprehensive and critical overview of the disposable sensors currently used for medical diagnostics, food, and environmental analysis. Finally, views on how the field of disposable sensing devices will continue its evolution are discussed, including the future trends, challenges, and opportunities

Parathyroid function and cardiovascular remodeling in arterial hypertension patients

Aim. To investigate structure and function of left ventriculum (LV) and brachial artery (BA) in arterial hypertension (AH) patients, according to blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH).Material and methods. In total, 95 untreated patients with Stage I-III AH were examined. Blood PTH, total calcium levels, and 24-hour urine calcium excretion were measured. All participants underwent Doppler echocardiography, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), and BA ultrasound. According to PTH levels, the patients were divided into three groups: Group I – 0-25 pg/ml, Group II – 26-50 pg/ml, and Group III – 51 pg/ml.Results. LV hypertrophy prevalence in Group III was 80,6%, in Group I – 43,7%. In “dippers” (24-hour BPM data), PTH level and 24-hour urine calcium excretion were 1,5 times lower than in “non-dippers”. Comparing to Group I, Group III demonstrated significantly greater intima-media thickness (+17,8%) and linear blood flowvelocity (+19,7%), but lower BA diameter (417,3%) and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (415,5%).Conclusion. PTH levels correlated with prevalence and severity of LV and BA remodeling

Drug resistance of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (historical aspects, current level of knowledge)

The review presents data on the frequency of detection of drug resistant (DR) tuberculosis mycobacteria (MTB) as well as on the change in DR patterns in Russia and abroad from the mid-50s of the 20th century till the present. Along with the well-known mechanisms for DR MTB development, it tells about new research describing mutations associated with drug resistance

Cardiovascular remodeling and calcium-regulating function of parathyroid glands in arterial hypertension

In 95 patients with arterial hypertension (AH), left ventricular (LV) and brachial artery (BA) remodeling, as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, was studied. Increased PTH level was associated with more prevalent and manifested LV and BA remodeling, and with decreased diastolic function and endothelium-depended vasodilatation. In 21,6% of AH patients, asymptomatic PTH hyper-secretion was registered. In these individuals, pathological types ofcircadian blood pressure profile were typical

Combination of dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease: efficacy and safety

Aim. To study antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects on structural and functional heart status, and assess treatment safety for combination of dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (CA). Material and methods. The authors examined 31 patients with Stage II-III, level II arterial hypertension (AH) (Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation, 2001), and coronary heart disease (CHD), effort angina, Functional Class (FC) II-III. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring, Doppler echocardiography (EchoCG) were performed. Combined therapy with amlodipine and verapamil retard lasted for 24 weeks. Results. During the treatment, in 77.4% of the patients, complete antihypertensive effect (BP&lt;140/90 mm Hg) was observed; in 22.6%, this effect was partial (diastolic BP decrease by 10 mm Hg). Mean decrease in left ventricular myocardial mass index was 24.9±2.3 g/m2 (p&lt;0.01). Diastolic function improved: early and late flow velocity ratio (E/A) increased by 10.3% (p&lt;0.05); isovolumic relaxation time reduced by 13.6% (p&lt;0.01). Maximal depth of ST segment depression decreased from 2.3±0.2 to 1.5±0.1 mm. Duration and frequency of painless myocardial ischemia decreased, too. Adverse effect rate was by 1.5-4 times lower than for monotherapy. Conclusion. Combination of dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine CA demonstrated its antihypertensive, anti-ischemic, and cardioprotective effects, and was well tolerated