Algal and cyanobacterial diversity in saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin (Russia) studied via light microscopy and next-generation sequencing

Naturally saline rivers are known in various regions of the world. Saline rivers with a salinity gradient from the source to the mouth are particularly interesting, because the range of salinity is the structure-forming factor of the hydrobiont assemblage. Such rivers are represented by saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin in Volgograd region of Russia (the Bolshaya Samoroda River and the Malaya Samoroda River). Herein, we analyzed taxonomic structure and species diversity of microalgae and Cyanobacteria of the saline rivers flowing into the Elton Lake by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing. The differences and possible causes of inconsistencies in the results obtained by these methods are discussed. In total, 91 taxa of microorganisms were identified by integrated approach in the assemblages of microalgae and Cyanobacteria in the middle course of the Bolshaya Samoroda River, and 60 taxa – in the river mouth. The species diversity of those assemblages in the hypersaline Malaya Samoroda River was lower: 27 taxa from the middle course and 23 taxa from the mouth. Next-generation sequencing allowed us to refine and expand the list of microalgae taxa in the studied saline rivers due to detection of species which were hard to identify, low-abundance taxa, as well as extremely small-cell forms. Some discrepancies between the data obtained by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing indicate the advantage of simultaneous use of both methods for study of the algae communities. Such a comprehensive approach provides the most accurate and correct list of taxa added with the morphological descriptions and 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA partial sequences. Generally, 18 taxa have been recorded for the first time in the Bolshaya Samoroda River, belonging to the phyla Chlorophyta (Borodinellopsis sp., Chlorochytrium lemnae Cohn, Caespitella sp., Halochlorococcum sp., Tetraselmis cordiformis (H. J. Carter) F. Stein), Ochrophyta (Pseudocharaciopsis ovalis (Chodat) D. J. Hibberd, Characiopsis sp., Poterioochromonas stipitata Scherffel, Chrysolepidomonas sp.), Euglenozoa (Euglena bucharica I. Kisselev, Lepocinclis tripteris (Dujardin) B. Marin & Melkonian, Phacus orbicularis K. Hübner, P. parvulus G. A. Klebs), Cryptophyta (Hemiselmis cryptochromatica C. E. Lane & J. M. Archibald, Rhodomonas sp., Hanusia phi J. A. Deane), Haptophyta (Pavlova sp.), Cyanobacteria (Johanseninema constrictum (Szafer) Hasler, Dvorák & Poulícková). Seven taxa have been detected for the first time in the algal and cyanobacterial assemblages of the Malaya Samoroda River from the phyla Chlorophyta (Tetraselmis cordiformis, T. arnoldii (Proschkina-Lavrenko) R. E. Norris, Hori & Chihara, T. tetrathele (West) Butcher, Pyrobotrys elongatus Korshikov), Cryptophyta (Hanusia phi), and Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus (Nägeli) Nägeli, Oscillatoria simplicissima Gomont)

POLYARTISTISM AS A PERSPECTIVE INNOVATIVE MEANS OF FORMING PROFESSIONALISMA

В статье актуализируется возможность включения полиартистических технологий в область профессионального образованияThe article actualizes the possibility of incorporating polyartistic technologies into the field of vocational educatio

Halotolerant strain of Chlorococcum oleofaciens from the Lake Elton Biosphere Reserve

Chlorococcum oleofaciens is one of the most studied representatives of the Chlorococcum genus, both on the ultrastructural and molecular levels. This alga is very interesting due to its ability to hypersynthetize saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and the possibility of using it as a promising object for biofuel production. This research is devoted to the study of the halotolerant strain of Ch. oleofaciens Ch-1 extracted from the water of the Khara River (Lake Elton Biosphere Reserve, Russia, a UNESCO World Heritage site), mineralization of 14‰. The strain Ch. oleofaciens Ch-1 was studied at the morphological level (light microscopy), as well as using molecular genetics methods (18S rDNA). The objectives of the study included establishing the range of halotolerance of the allocated strain of Ch. oleofaciens as a whole, revealing borders of level of mineralization that are optimum for algae growth, and also tracing features of its morphology and cycle of development in the conditions of various salinity. In the course of the studies performed it was established that the extracted strain of Ch. oleofaciens Ch-1 differed from the typical one by greater variability of some morphological features and had a wide ecological valence: the range of its halotolerance was 0–60‰. The maximum values of quantitative development of Ch. oleofaciens Ch-1 were registered at mineralization of 0–14‰. It is shown that with increasing salinity in the development cycle of the strain, the duration of the adaptation phase increases, the exponential phase decreases, small celled forms are replaced by large celled forms and reproduction features are noted. The obtained results can be used for selection of optimal conditions for cultivation of the halotolerant strain of Ch. oleofaciens for biotechnological purposes

Polyaniline-DNA based sensor for the detection of anthracycline drugs

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. New approach of the detection of anthracycline preparations intercalating native DNA has been proposed and realized in the assembly of electrochemical sensor. Glassy carbon was covered with polyaniline obtained by electropolymerization in the presence of native DNA and oxalic acid as doping agents. As was shown by impedimetric and voltammetric measurements, the surface coating obtained showed extended pH range of electrochemical activity and retained ability to interact with specific intercalators. The incubation of the sensor with anthracycline preparations resulted in regular decrease of electron transfer resistance and suppression of redox probe current (ferricyanide anion). In optimal conditions, the detection limits of 0.01 nM doxorubicin, 0.1 nM daunorubicin and 0.2 nM idarubicin were achieved. The replacement of oxalic acid with sulfuric acid as polymerization media as well as thermal denaturation of DNA resulted in disappearance of the response. The selectivity of DNA interaction detection was higher in weakly acidic media for impedimetric measurements and in HEPES, pH 7.0, for voltammetric detection. Albumin, blood plasma electrolytes and sulfanylamides do not interfere with anthracycline measurements. The electrochemical sensor developed was tested in the determination of doxorubicin in commercial preparation with 91-93% recovery

Evaluation of anemia syndrom in haemophilia

In work risk factors of development of an anemia at patients with a hemophilia are analyzed. The anemia met more often at the heavy form of disease, at persons with A (II) group of blood (40%)

Impedimetric Detection of DNA Damage with the Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Neutral Red

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Novel electrochemical DNA-sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Ag nanoparticles, Neutral red covalently attached to its surface and native DNA adsorbed on modifier coating was developed for the estimation of DNA damage on example of model system based on Fenton reagent. As was shown, the oxidation process resulted in synchronous increase of electron transfer resistance and capacitance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The contribution of each sensor component on the signal was specified and sensitivity estimated against similar surface coatings. The shift of EIS parameters was found to be higher than that of similar biosensors reported. The DNA sensor was tested on the estimation of antioxidant capacity of green tea infusions again the results of coulometric titration with electrogenerated bromine

Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for cytochrome c detection using pillar[5]arene bearing neutral red

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Novel electrochemical aptasensor toward cytochrome c (Cyt c) has been developed on the base of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with electropolymerized neutral red (Poly-NR) and decacarboxylated pillar[5]arene (P[5]A-COOH) bearing terminal neutral red (NR) and aminated aptamer specific to Cyt c. Addition of Cyt c resulted in decrease of the cathodic peak current of NR on cyclic voltammogram due to suppression of the electron exchange between reduced and oxidized NR forms in the surface layer. The implementation of Cyt c in the surface layer was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Depending on the content of the surface layer and assembling protocol, the limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.02 to 1.0 nM and linear range of concentrations was within three orders of magnitude. Interfering influence of some proteins and polyethylene glycol was characterized. The aptasensors developed can find application in detection of Cyt c as apoptosis agent in blood serum. This has been partially validated in model blood serum mimicking the ionic composition of the plasma

Occlusion abnormality and flat foot deformity: synergy in orthodontics and orthopaedics

The article examines the interrelation between malocclusion and foot deformities in adult patients. Revealing of this interrelation is necessary as it is not sufficiently reviewed in the available sources. However it is essential in prophylaxis, treatment and effective rehabilitation of orthodontic diseases. The group of grown up patient was researched: foot deformities were diagnosed via computer scanning, malocclusions were determined while clinical examination. During the study we came to a conclusion that there is an interconnection of distal occlusion and transverse flat foot, of mesial occlusion and longitudinal flat foot. We consider that comprehending of this interrelation is important in complex rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders.в статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь патологий прикуса и деформаций стопы у взрослых пациентов. Необходимость выявления данной связи в том, что она недостаточно освещена в доступной литературе, однако необходима для профилактики, лечения и эффективной реабилитации пациентов с ортодонтической патологией. Проведено исследование группы взрослых людей: деформации стоп диагностировали при помощи компьютерного сканирования, патология прикуса определялась при клиническом осмотре. В ходе исследования сделан вывод о наличии взаимосвязи дистального прикуса с поперечным плоскостопием, а мезиального – с продольным. Понимание данной связи считаем важным для комплексной реабилитации людей с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата

Aintegumenta and Aintegumenta-Like6 regulate auxin-mediated flower development in Arabidopsis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Two related genes encoding AP2/ERF-type transcription factors, <it>AINTEGUMENTA </it>(<it>ANT</it>) and <it>AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 </it>(<it>AIL6</it>), are important regulators of floral growth and patterning in Arabidopsis. Evidence suggests that these genes promote several aspects of flower development in response to auxin. To investigate the interplay of <it>ANT</it>, <it>AIL6 </it>and auxin during floral development, I have examined the phenotypic consequences of disrupting polar auxin transport in <it>ant</it>, <it>ail6 </it>and <it>ant ail6 </it>mutants by either genetic or chemical means.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Plants containing mutations in <it>ANT </it>or <it>AIL6 </it>alone or in both genes together exhibit increased sensitivity to disruptions in polar auxin transport. Both genes promote shoot growth, floral meristem initiation and floral meristem patterning in combination with auxin transport. However, differences in the responses of <it>ant </it>and <it>ail6 </it>single mutants to perturbations in auxin transport suggest that these two genes also have non-overlapping activities in each of these developmental processes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The enhanced sensitivity of <it>ant </it>and <it>ail6 </it>mutants to alterations in polar auxin transport suggests that these mutants have defects in some aspect of auxin physiology. The inability of <it>ant ail6 </it>double mutants to initiate flowers in backgrounds disrupted for auxin transport confirm the proposed roles for these two genes in floral meristem initiation.</p