Mineral Plasma Dan Respons Antibodi Pasca Cekaman Transportasi Pada Domba Dengan Ransum Yang Disuplementasi Seng Dan Minyak Ikan

Seng sangat penting di dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh. Akan tetapi,kandungannya di dalam bahan pakan di Indonesia secara umum rendah. Ternakbanyak mengeluarkan seng melalui urine bila mengalami cekaman transportasi,oleh karena itu kebutuhan seng mungkin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk melihat mineral plasma dan respons antibodi setelah mengalami cekamantransportasi. Enam belas domba ekor tipis jantan dialokasikan ke dalamRancangan Acak Lengkap dengan menggunakan ransum basal yang memilikikandungan Zn sebesar 22.8 ppm. Perlakuan terdiri atas; ransum basal (R1), R1 +36 ppm Zn (R2), R1 + minyak ikan 1.5% (R3) dan R1 + 36 ppm Zn + minyak ikan1.5% 1.5% (R4). Ternak domba diberi makan dua kali pada jam 08.00 dan 16.00.Masing masing domba divaksinasi dengan Clostridium perfringens pada 41 dan 3hari sebelum transportasi. Ketika ternak mengalami cekaman transportasidiperoleh kondisi fisiologis sebagai berikut : (1) Seng plasma menurun untuksemua perlakuan (2) Kalium dan Mg plasma menurun dan kembali normal padajam ke-88 setelah transportasi (3) Natrium plasma meningkat pada perlakuan Zn+ minyak ikan pada jam ke-40 (4) Suplementasi Zn meningkatkan responsantibodi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi Znmeningkatkan kekebalan tubuh dan kadar seng mungkin perlu ditingkatkan lagidalam ransum setelah ternak mengalami cekaman transportasi

Measuring the proton spectrum in neutron decay - latest results with aSPECT

The retardation spectrometer aSPECT was built to measure the shape of the proton spectrum in free neutron decay with high precision. This allows us to determine the antineutrino electron angular correlation coefficient a. We aim for a precision more than one order of magnitude better than the present best value, which is Delta_a /a = 5%. In a recent beam time performed at the Institut Laue-Langevin during April / May 2008 we reached a statistical accuracy of about 2% per 24 hours measurement time. Several systematic effects were investigated experimentally. We expect the total relative uncertainty to be well below 5%.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Conference Proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics with Slow Neutrons 2008 held at the ILL, France. To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section

An Effective Membrane Model of the Immunological Synapse

The immunological synapse is a patterned collection of different types of receptors and ligands that forms in the intercellular junction between T Cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) during recognition. The synapse is implicated in information transfer between cells, and is characterized by different spatial patterns of receptors at different stages in the life cycle of T cells. We obtain a minimalist model that captures this experimentally observed phenomenology. A functional RG analysis provides further insights.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publicatio

Effects of disorder in location and size of fence barriers on molecular motion in cell membranes

The effect of disorder in the energetic heights and in the physical locations of fence barriers encountered by transmembrane molecules such as proteins and lipids in their motion in cell membranes is studied theoretically. The investigation takes as its starting point a recent analysis of a periodic system with constant distances between barriers and constant values of barrier heights, and employs effective medium theory to treat the disorder. The calculations make possible, in principle, the extraction of confinement parameters such as mean compartment sizes and mean intercompartmental transition rates from experimentally reported published observations. The analysis should be helpful both as an unusual application of effective medium theory and as an investigation of observed molecular movements in cell membranes.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Rupture of multiple parallel molecular bonds under dynamic loading

Biological adhesion often involves several pairs of specific receptor-ligand molecules. Using rate equations, we study theoretically the rupture of such multiple parallel bonds under dynamic loading assisted by thermal activation. For a simple generic type of cooperativity, both the rupture time and force exhibit several different scaling regimes. The dependence of the rupture force on the number of bonds is predicted to be either linear, like a square root or logarithmic.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Elastic deformation of a fluid membrane upon colloid binding

When a colloidal particle adheres to a fluid membrane, it induces elastic deformations in the membrane which oppose its own binding. The structural and energetic aspects of this balance are theoretically studied within the framework of a Helfrich Hamiltonian. Based on the full nonlinear shape equations for the membrane profile, a line of continuous binding transitions and a second line of discontinuous envelopment transitions are found, which meet at an unusual triple point. The regime of low tension is studied analytically using a small gradient expansion, while in the limit of large tension scaling arguments are derived which quantify the asymptotic behavior of phase boundary, degree of wrapping, and energy barrier. The maturation of animal viruses by budding is discussed as a biological example of such colloid-membrane interaction events.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, REVTeX style, follow-up on cond-mat/021242

On Arnold's 14 `exceptional' N=2 superconformal gauge theories

We study the four-dimensional superconformal N=2 gauge theories engineered by the Type IIB superstring on Arnold's 14 exceptional unimodal singularities (a.k.a. Arnold's strange duality list), thus extending the methods of 1006.3435 to singularities which are not the direct sum of minimal ones. In particular, we compute their BPS spectra in several `strongly coupled' chambers. From the TBA side, we construct ten new periodic Y-systems, providing additional evidence for the existence of a periodic Y-system for each isolated quasi-homogeneous singularity with $\hat c<2$ (more generally, for each N=2 superconformal theory with a finite BPS chamber whose chiral primaries have dimensions of the form N/l).Comment: 73 pages, 7 figure

Cycle-finite module categories

We describe the structure of module categories of finite dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field for which the cycles of nonzero nonisomorphisms between indecomposable finite dimensional modules are finite (do not belong to the infinite Jacobson radical of the module category). Moreover, geometric and homological properties of these module categories are exhibited

Gorenstein homological algebra and universal coefficient theorems

We study criteria for a ring—or more generally, for a small category—to be Gorenstein and for a module over it to be of finite projective dimension. The goal is to unify the universal coefficient theorems found in the literature and to develop machinery for proving new ones. Among the universal coefficient theorems covered by our methods we find, besides all the classic examples, several exotic examples arising from the KK-theory of C*-algebras and also Neeman’s Brown–Adams representability theorem for compactly generated categories

Rigid and Schurian modules over cluster-tilted algebras of tame type

We give an example of a cluster-tilted algebra Λ with quiver Q, such that the associated cluster algebra A(Q) has a denominator vector which is not the dimension vector of any indecomposable Λ-module. This answers a question posed by T. Nakanishi. The relevant example is a cluster-tilted algebra associated with a tame hereditary algebra. We show that for such a cluster-tilted algebra Λ, we can write any denominator vector as a sum of the dimension vectors of at most three indecomposable rigid Λ-modules. In order to do this it is necessary, and of independent interest, to first classify the indecomposable rigid Λ-modules in this case