Assessing the Interbank Loans Market of the Systemically Important Banks in Ukraine

The aim of the study is to assess the state of interbank lending to the systemically important banks in Ukraine, taking into account the current conditions of functioning of the economy. The article analyzes the dynamics of the number of banking institutions for 2008–2023, identifies the causes and consequences of their significant reduction. The essence and significance of systemically important banks are determined; approaches and principles of granting banking institutions the status of systemically important (SIB) are described; special conditions for withdrawal of SIB from the market under martial law have been allocated. A comprehensive analysis of the state of interbank lending to systemically important banks in Ukraine during 2019–2022 was carried out, in particular, the total amount of interbank loans received, the activity of the SIBs to attract interbank loans (IBCs) by their share in the total amount of liabilities, by the share of IBC in the balance sheet currency and the ratio of IBC to equity during the analyzed period were examined. The results of the carried out study indicate that it is interbank loans that are characterized by a quick reaction to changes in financial market conditions. It has been determined that systemically important banks of Ukraine reduce their dependence on interbank financing, which in practice means their financial stability and strength. It is proved that the studied banks, when forming the resource base, try to avoid a high share of interbank loans both in the total amount of mobilized funds and in comparison with equity, since IBCs are the most expensive instruments for replenishing the resource base of commercial banks. Emphasis is placed on important achievements of the systemic reform of the banking sector, which led to the cleansing of the domestic market from weak and unreliable banks and the construction of a Western-style banking system in Ukraine in compliance with world standards of banking business. Thanks to proper regulation and control on the part of the NBU over the observance by commercial banks of the established norms and rules of conducting banking business, the domestic banking system steadfastly endures all modern challenges and even in conditions of a full-scale war proves its financial stability and reliability, maintaining customer trust and recognition of international partners

A mouse model of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: Defective long-term memory is ameliorated by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4

Mice carrying a truncated form of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) show several developmental abnormalities similar to patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS). RTS patients suffer from mental retardation, whereas long-term memory formation is defective in mutant CBP mice. A critical role for cAMP signaling during CREB-dependent long-term memory formation appears to be evolutionarily conserved. From this observation, we reasoned that drugs that modulate CREB function by enhancing cAMP signaling might yield an effective treatment for the memory defect(s) of CBP+/- mice. To this end, we designed a cell-based drug screen and discovered inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) to be particularly effective enhancers of CREB function. We extend previous behavioral observations by showing that CBP+/- mutants have impaired long-term memory but normal learning and short-term memory in an object recognition task. We demonstrate that the prototypical PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram, and a novel one (HT0712) abolish the long-term memory defect of CBP+/- mice. Importantly, the genetic lesion in CBP acts specifically to shift the dose sensitivity for HT0712 to enhance memory formation, which conveys molecular specificity on the drug's mechanism of action. Our results suggest that PDE4 inhibitors may be used to treat the cognitive dysfunction of RTS patients

Morphological characterization of biominerals from five multicellular marine algae species

Silica biominerals are deposited as amorphous solid structures in plant cells and tissues, providing rigidity to different plant parts and assisting in defence. The shape and size of phytoliths are well established and serve as a useful tool in taxonomic analyses. For the first time we extracted and studied silica biominerals of five marine macroalgae, which we observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). More than nine different morphotypes of phytoliths ranging from ≥ 10 to ≥ 350 μm in size were found. Some of them were phytoliths made of silica while others showed characteristics of different minerals of calcium. In our study, the “honeycomb” formations were only recorded in Laurencia tropica Yamada and pyramid tabular ones were found only in Tichocarpus crinitus (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht. The XRD analysis showed that they consisted of virgilite and gypsum substance, respectively. Silica phytoliths are intrinsic parts of the algae and their morphological characterization can provide the basis for palaeo-reconstruction and taxonomic investigation of brown and red algae in palaeontological studies of fossils where all organic matter has decayed

Selective Uncoupling of Individual Mitochondria within a Cell Using a Mitochondria-Targeted Photoactivated Protonophore

Depolarization of an individual mitochondrion or small clusters of mitochondria within cells has been achieved using a photoactivatable probe. The probe is targeted to the matrix of the mitochondrion by an alkyltriphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation and releases the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol locally in predetermined regions in response to directed irradiation with UV light via a local photolysis system. This also provides a proof of principle for the general temporally and spatially controlled release of bioactive molecules, pharmacophores, or toxins to mitochondria with tissue, cell, or mitochondrion specificity

Power electronics. Part 1. Research of semiconductor devices work

Повний текст документа доступний лише в локальній мережі університет

УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВИМ СТАНОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НАФТОГАЗОВОЇ СФЕРИ

The enterprises of the oil and gas complex, selected to achieve the purposes of the research, are subordinated to the State. The financial performance of the oil and gas sector companies determines the financial position of the industry as a whole and can serve as an indicator of investment attractiveness or inattractiveness. Most enterprises have an outdated and depreciated material and technical base, inefficient disposal of financial resources, which lead to losses. The state of the industry in Ukraine is reflected in the research data of the Institute of natural resources management, and is characterized by the inability to effectively manage the existing potential of the oil and gas complex.Comprehensive analysis of the indicators of the financial state of the oil and gas companies was conducted using the method of grouping (distribution of oil and gas sector enterprises by types of economic activities); grouping, comparison and compilation of analytical data using tabular method (data on financial state of enterprises of oil and gas sector, indicators of estimation of dynamics of oil and gas enterprises, factor analysis of returns on equity (by Dupont method); analysis of current receivables and accounts payable of entrepreneurs, the analysis of the results of the research (depreciation of fixed assets of enterprises); the schematic (compiling the Resource Management Index) and the matrix (the matrix of the correlation of financial results and the dynamics of gross and net profit indicators) representation of research results. To establish the input of the author's approach to the existing literature, a comparison of the obtained results of the functioning of the oil and gas sector with the data of the Institute for Natural Resources Management, based on the aggregated Resource Management Index, has been done.The application of the above mentioned research methodology makes it possible to characterize the financial status of enterprises in the oil and gas sector in a comprehensive way. The list of measures to improve the situation is suggested and assumes the introduction of management of oil and gas sector at the state level and managing the financial state of enterprises of the oil and gas sector.Финансовые результаты функционирования предприятий нефтегазового сектора определяют финансовое состояние отрасли в целом и могут служить индикатором инвестиционной привлекательности или непривлекательности. Большинство предприятий имеют устаревшую и изношенную материально-техническую базу, неэффективное распоряжение финансовыми ресурсами, что приводит к убыткам.Анализ показателей финансового состояния предприятий нефтегазовой сферы проведено с использованием способа группировки (распределение предприятий нефтегазового сектора по видам экономической деятельности), группировки, сравнения и сводки аналитических данных табличным методом (данные о финансовом состоянии предприятий нефтегазовой сферы, показатели оценки динамичности предприятий нефтегазовой сферы, факторный анализ рентабельности собственного капитала (по методу Дюпона), анализ текущей дебиторской и кредиторской задолженности, рейтинговой оценки финансового состояния предприятия и ранжирование полученных результатов предприятий нефтегазовой сферы), графического метода изображения результатов исследования (износ основных средств предприятий), схематического (состав Индекса управления ресурсами) и матричного (матрица взаимосвязи финансовых результатов с динамикой показателей валового и чистого дохода) представление результатов исследования.Применение приведенной методики исследования дает возможность комплексно охарактеризовать финансовое состояние предприятий нефтегазовой сферы. Предложено перечень мероприятий по улучшению ситуации путем внедрения в практику управления нефтегазовым сектором на уровне государства и управления финансовым состоянием предприятий нефтегазовой сферы.Підприємства нафтогазового комплексу, що відібрані для досягнення цілей роботи, підпорядковані державі. Фінансові результати функціонування підприємств нафтогазового сектору визначають фінансовий стан галузі в цілому і можуть слугувати індикатором інвестиційної привабливості або непривабливості. Більшість підприємств мають застарілу та зношену матеріально-технічну базу, неефективне розпорядження фінансовими ресурсами, що призводить до збитків. Стан галузі в Україні відображають дані дослідження Інституту з управління природними ресурсами, що характеризуються як неспроможність ефективно розпоряджатися наявним потенціалом нафтогазового комплексу.Комплексний аналіз показників фінансового стану підприємств нафтогазової сфери проведено з використанням способу групування (розподіл підприємств нафтогазового сектору за видами економічної діяльності), групування, порівняння та зведення аналітичних даних табличним методом (дані про фінансовий стан підприємств нафтогазової сфери, показники оцінки динамічності підприємств нафтогазової сфери, факторний аналіз рентабельності власного капіталу (за методом Дюпона), аналіз поточної дебіторської та кредиторської заборгованості підприємств нафтогазової сфери, рейтингової оцінки фінансового стану підприємства та ранжування отриманих результатів), графічного методу зображення результатів дослідження (знос основних засобів підприємств), схематичного (склад Індексу управління ресурсами) та матричного (матриця взаємозв’язку фінансових результатів з динамікою показників валового та чистого прибутку) подання результатів дослідження. Для встановлення взаємозв’язку авторського підходу проведено порівняння отриманих результатів функціонування підприємств нафтогазового сектору з даними Інституту з управління природними ресурсами за агрегованим Індексом управління ресурсами.Застосування наведеної методики дослідження, уможливлює комплексно охарактеризувати фінансовий станпідприємств нафтогазової сфери. Запропоновано перелік заходів щодо поліпшення ситуації шляхом упровадження у практику управління нафтогазовим сектором на рівні держави та управління фінансовим станом підприємств нафтогазової сфери

Origin of Infrared Light Modulation in Reflectance-Mode Photoplethysmography.

We recently pointed out the important role of dermis deformation by pulsating arterial pressure in the formation of a photoplethysmographic signal at green light. The aim of this study was to explore the role of this novel finding in near-infrared (NIR) light. A light-emitting diode (LED)-based imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG) system was used to detect spatial distribution of blood pulsations under frame-to-frame switching green and NIR illumination in the palms of 34 healthy individuals. We observed a significant increase of light-intensity modulation at the heartbeat frequency for both illuminating wavelengths after a palm was contacted with a glass plate. Strong positive correlation between data measured at green and NIR light was found, suggesting that the same signal was read independently from the depth of penetration. Analysis of the data shows that an essential part of remitted NIR light is modulated in time as a result of elastic deformations of dermis caused by variable blood pressure in the arteries. Our observations suggest that in contrast with the classical model, photoplethysmographic waveform originates from the modulation of the density of capillaries caused by the variable pressure applied to the skin from large blood vessels. Particularly, beat-to-beat transmural pressure in arteries compresses/decompresses the dermis and deforms its connective-tissue components, thus affecting the distance between the capillaries, which results in the modulation of absorption and scattering coefficients of both green and NIR light. These findings are important for the correct interpretation of this widely used medical technique, which may have novel applications in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of aging and skin diseases

Production of Cultural Policy in Russia : Authority and Intellectual Leadership

The paper discusses different frameworks of knowledge production within the discourses and practices of Russian cultural policy. Russian cultural policy as an administrative sector has been developed in line with two distinctive governmental regimes, more precisely during the period of liberal decentralisation of the 1990s and the conservative centralisation from 2011 up until today. The study focuses on the main changes that have occurred in the framework of policy design and participation in policy-making. An attempt is made to combine Foucauldian analytical frameworks of power and discourse with a Gramscian hegemonic approach to political studies that was mainly advocated by the Essex scholars—Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and David Howarth. Such a perspective opens up a possibility of considering the institutional rearrangements of intellectual leadership through which the post-2012 establishment has endeavoured to advance its sovereignty and planning capacities in both the symbolic and normative dimension of culture. Thus examined, Russian state cultural policy turns out to be intrinsically subordinated to the sovereignty of the presidential apparatus that privileges the conservative stance of the ‘Russian World’ project and neglects human rights and cultural diversity.peerReviewe

Spatial and amplitude correlation of changes induced by the skin-glass contact at green and NIR illumination.

<p>(a) The shift between the centers of the “hot” spots in the amplitude maps found at green and NIR illumination for all studied subjects. (b) Scatter plot of the PPG-amplitude increase due to the contact calculated at green and NIR illumination.</p