Enzyme-assisted extraction of carotenoids from Bulgarian tomato peels

Enzyme-assisted extraction of carotenoids from tomato peels of the Bulgarian cultivar “Stela”, one of the most widely used cultivars by the canning industry, was examined in this study. The carotenoid content in raw tomato peels was established by HPLC analysis. A two-step protocol was followed: the tomato peels were first treated with enzymes and then extracted by the use of acetone as a solvent for 30 min at 20±1 °C and solid/liquid ratio of 1:30. The total carotenoid, lycopene, and β-carotene extraction yields were increased by the use of pectinase, cellulase, endo-xylanase, and proteinase enzymes in comparison with the non-enzyme-treated samples. The increase in the extraction yield was affected by the enzymes used, the enzyme concentration, the pretreatment time and temperature. Maximum total carotenoid (55.15 mg/100 g d.w.), β-carotene (35.85 mg/100 g d.w.), and lycopene (15.44 mg/100 g d.w.) extraction yields were obtained in peels pretreated with mixed cellulase (100 U g−1) and endo-xylanase (400 U g−1) for 4 h at 50 °C. Carotenoid recovery by mixed cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic enzyme pretreatment of tomato peels is a good approach, which can be used for waste utilization

Management of Migratory Exchange Taking into Account Features of Standard Regulation of Recognition / Validation and an Assessment of Qualifications Within the CIS Countries, EEU and BRICS

Legal regulation of national qualifications systems in countries-participants of the CIS, EAEU and the BRICS and the prospects for cooperation in the field of free labor-force movement within these unions, connect with the solution of problems of mutual recognition of occupation qualifications, their level of qualifications and methods of assessment within the subjects of migration transfer processes

Study of onion processing waste powder for potential use in food sector

The development of food products that contain value-added dietary fibre beside different classes of phytochemicals is of great interest nowadays. The present research aimed to evaluate the powder obtained from onion processing waste (OPW) for its potential use as a value-added by-product in food sector. Data on chemical and microbiological characterization of onion processing waste powder (OPWP) were obtained. The dietary fibre content and antioxidant activity were also determined. The results showed that the OPWP was a low-calorie natural source of insoluble fibres (60.52±0.13 g/100 g dw), total phenols (41.04±1.22 mg GAE/g dw), and total flavonoids (20.44±1.22 mg QE/g dw). Moreover, the OPWP could be considered as an important source of total fructans (9.04±0.28 g/100 g dw), fructooligosaccharides (2.76 g/100 g dw), and inulin (2.41±0.18 g/100 g dw). In conclusion, this OPWP could be used as a value-added and healthy food ingredient

Application of scanning probe microscopy methods to control the synthesis technology of multilayer structures with Bi-substituted iron garnets

Authors present the synthesis technology in which a lower surface roughness of the layers in multilayer structure with Bi-substituted iron garnets can be achieved through simultaneous crystallization annealing of the bottom Bi-substituted iron garnet layer and the top layer of SiO2.The authors acknowledge support by the RF Ministry of Education and Science (project no.3.7126.2017)

Magnetic force microscopy investigation of domain structure and magnetic recording patterns in high-coercive garnet films with low Curie temperature

Authors present the investigation of domain structures and thermomagnetic recording patterns in iron garnet thin films by magnetic force microscopy. Iron garnet films with low Curie temperature and high coercivity were designed for recording process. Magnetic pattern of PC floppy disc was recorded in iron garnet film by contact printing method. Topography and magnetic structure of floppy disc and iron garnet film before and after thermomagnetic recording process are presented. Accuracy of thermomagnetic recording and parameters, which are influence on it, are discussed.The authors from V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University acknowledge support by the RF Ministry of Education and Science (project no. 3.7126.2017)

Свойства бутадиен-стирольных латексов, модифицированных кремнийорганическими пав

The properties of butadiene-styrene latexes, stabylized by the mixes of surface-active substances included silicon SAS, practically unsolved in water, were investigated. It was shown that they are characterized by low foaming, practically unswollen in water and stable in the solutions of electrolitesИзучены свойства бутадиен-стирольных латексов, стабилизированных смесями поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ), включающих кремнийорганические, нерастворимые в воде. Показано, что они характеризуются низким пено- образованием, практически не набухают в воде, устойчивы в растворах электролитов

Коллоидно-химические свойства ПАВ различной природы на межфазных границах мономер/вода

Colloid-chemical properties of surface active substances of different nature on the boundary of styrene/water, isoprene/water, mixture of styrene and isoprene/water are discussed. It was shown that the mechanism of creation polymer-monomer particles are depending from composition of emulsionВ работе рассмотрены коллоидно-химические свойства эмульгаторов различной природы на границе стирол/вода, изопрен/вода, и смесь стирола с изопреном/вода и показано, что дисперсный состав исходной эмульсии определяет механизм образования ПМЧ

Structure and properties of welded joints in Al-Li alloys

Translated from Russian (Report of the E O Paton Electric Welding Institute, Kiev, 1998)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9023.190(9333)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Constructing A Model for the Automated Operative Planning of Local Operations at Railroad Technical Stations

This paper has investigated the technology of forwarding local wagons at railroad technical stations and established the need to improve it given the extra downtime of local wagons. The main issue relates to the considerable combinatorial complexity of the tasks of operational planning. Another problem is that as part of the conventional approach, planning a station operation and planning a local operation at it is considered separately. Another planning issue is the lack of high-quality models for the preparation of initial data, in particular, data on the duration of technological operations, such as, for example, shunting operations involving local wagons forwarding. To resolve these issues, a new approach has been proposed, under which the tasks of operative planning of a technical station's operation and its subsystem of local operations are tackled simultaneously, based on a single model. To this end, a mathematical model of vector combinatoric optimization has been built, which uses the criteria of total operating costs and wagon-hours spent at a station when forwarding local wagon flows, in the form of separate objective functions. Within this model, a predictive model was constructed in the form of a fuzzy inference system. This model is designed to determine the duration of shunting half-runs when executing the spotting/picking operations for delivering local wagons to enterprises' goods sheds. The model provides for the accuracy level that would suffice at planning, in contrast to classical methods. A procedure has been devised for optimizing the planning model, which employs the modern genetic algorithm of vector optimization NSGA-III. This procedure is implemented in the form of software that makes it possible to build a rational operative plan for the operation of a technical station, including a subsystem of local operations, in graphic form, thereby reducing the operating costs by 5 % and the duration of maintenance of a local wagon by 8 %. The resulting effect could reduce the turnover time of a freight car in general on the railroad network, speed up the delivery of goods, and reduce the cost of transportatio