Space and time in the context of social measurement

This paper discusses some of the basic philosophical concepts – the concepts of “space and time” - and their relation to social evolution. The work presents the characteristics of social forms of space and time, shows the specifics of their formation in connection with human activity and the system of social relations. It was found that time duration has different manifestations in the context of historically different cultural epochs. Acceleration of social time takes place in the course of human historical practice development. Meanwhile, some social systems sometimes take the form of a certain deceleration in time. This usually occurs because of the inadequacy of the control system for the capabilities of the social organism. Social space is primarily connected with the dynamics of changes in social bonds and relationships. In the process of historical formation of social systems, social space assumes a more complex structure and expands. In the period of globalization growth, social space takes the form of a truly global integral system.peer-reviewe

Comparison of digital image analysis methods for morphometric characterization of soil aggregates in thin sections

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of semiautomatic segmentation methods for obtaining and evaluating morphometric parameters of soil aggregates in artificially prepared loose samples in soil thin sections. The object of the research is typical arable Chernozem. The aggregates were separated by wet sieving method from loose sample of upper 10 cm of the plowing horizon after erosion by a model shallow water flow on a large erosion tray. The aggregates, loosely scattered on the glass and fixed with polyester resin, were used to produce the thin sections. Images of the thin sections were taken under a polarizing microscope and then were processed using two methods compared: Adobe Photoshop + CTan and Thixomet Pro. Data on morphometric parameters of aggregates were obtained: the shape factor, the degree of roundness and the coefficient of aggregate surface roughness. The convergence of the results obtained using Photoshop + CTan by three researchers was evaluated by comparing samples using the Student's test and the Mann-Whitney test. The convergence of the averaged results obtained using Photoshop + CTan and the results obtained using Thixomet Pro was evaluated using the Mann - Whitney test. No significant differences were found between the parameters of the same aggregates obtained using a combination of Adobe Photoshop and CTan programs by different researchers. No significant differences were found between the parameters of the same aggregates obtained by the compared methods. So, one can conclude that the reliability of determining the morphometric parameters of soil aggregates using Thixomet Pro is comparable to the reliability of results when working with images of sectionsin CTan after binarization in Adobe Photoshop. The method of obtaining data on morphometric parameters of soil aggregates using Thixomet Pro completely eliminates the possibility of subjective error, shows a high degree of automation, reproducibility and reliability of the results obtained, and is faster

Drought resistance of introgressive spring common wheat lines with genetic material of tall wheatgrass

Background. To breed drought-resistant cultivars of common wheat1 (Triticum aestivum L.), it is important to use the gene pools of its relatives, including tall wheatgrass Thinopyrum ponticum (Podpěra) Z.-W. Liu & R.- C. Wang (= Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.).   Materials and methods. The introgressive lines of spring common wheat with T. ponticum genetic material and standard cultivars were studied in the field in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia using generally recognized methods. The ecological plasticity of cultivars and introgressive lines by grain yield and yield components was calculated according to the method of S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell. During the research period, there was a prolonged drought in 2012, and irregular short severe droughts occurred in 2013, 2014, and 2017.   Results. An analysis of the ecological plasticity of standard cultivars adapted to the regional conditions showed that cv. ‘Pamyati Azieva’ corresponded to the extensive type, and cvs. ‘Duet’, and ‘Erythrospermum 59’ corresponded to the intensive type. Under drought conditions, the grain yield of cv. ‘Pamyati Azieva’ was determined by the stable development of productive tiller number, seed number and grain yield per main ear, but plasticity in 1000 grain weight was observed. Cvs. ‘Duet’ and ‘Erythrospermum 59’ showed ecological plasticity due to the adaptive development of two or three yield components. Introgressive lines exceeded the standard cultivars in grain yield (1.1–2.2 times) in dry seasons. Five lines were similar to cv. ‘Pamyati Azieva’ in plasticity and stability, and under drought conditions they demonstrated high and stable development of three or four yield components. The intensive lines formed their yield due to the compensatory development of three yield components in different combinations.   Conclusion. Introgressive lines with T. ponticum genetic material are valuable for breeding spring common wheat cultivars with various drought-adaptation mechanisms

Detection and defect correction of operating process

The article is devoted to the current problem of enterprise competitiveness rise in hard and competitive terms of business environment. The importance of modern equipment for detection of defects and their correction is explained. Production of chipboard is used as an object of research. Short description and main results of estimation efficiency of innovative solutions of enterprises are considered

Measures to protect the population from the radiation situation. Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster

The purpose of study — to identify the most effective victim assistance program, as well as individual protection for a person.Цель исследования — выявить наиболее эффективную программу оказания помощи пострадавшим, а также индивидуальную защиту для человека

ЭНДОТЕЛИЙПРОТЕКТИВНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ КЛИМАДИНОНА ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ОВАРИЭКТОМИИ

A Endothelial protective and antithrombogenic effects of Cimicifuga racemosa standardized extract (Klimadynon, Bionorica, Germany) in comparison with ethinylestradiol in experimental ovariectomy were investigated. Extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (klimadynon) contents phytoestrogens, that was the basis for studying of its effects in hypoestrogenic conditions for the purpose of prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular complications in climacteric syndrome as an alternatively of hormonal replacement therapy.The course administration of klimadynon (100 mg/kg p.o. daily during 14 days) decelerated the formation of intravascular thrombosis which was initiated by application of 10% FeCb solution on carotid artery. The ethinylestradiol in this conditions intensified prothrombogenic effect of application of 10% FeCh: blood flow in carotid artery stoped to 5 minutes of experiment and mass of the thrombus was on 28% more, than in control rats. For studying of possible mechanisms antithrombogenic action of klimadynon antiplatelet and vasodilator activity of endothelium were studied in rats after bilateral ovariectomy in comparison with effects of ethinylestradiol (25 µg/kg p.o. daily during 14 days). Treatment with klimadynon as well as ethinylestradiol increased the antiplatelet activity of endothelium, restoring its activity to level in sham-operated animals. The endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independence vasodilation by using of acetylcholine (5 µg/kg) and of sodium nitroprusside (30 µg/kg). respectively, were investigated. Coefficient of endothelium dysfunctions (CED) was estimated as ratio: area over curve of arterial pressure after sodium nitroprusside intravenous injection to value of this index after injection of acetylcholine. In rats after bilateral ovariectomy CED was increased by 66% in comparison with CED value in sharm-operated rats. The klimadynon and ethinylestradiol treatment decreased CED on 42% and 28% correspondingly in comparison with values of control group.In summary klimadynon has antytrombogenic and endothelial protective activities in the rats after ovariectomy. The ethinylestradiol decreases endothelial disfunction in ovariectomized rats, but unlike klimadynon demonstrates protrombogenic effect. The present findings suggest that klimadynon could be used as a therapeutic agent for menopausal vascular complication.Исследованы эндотелийпротективные и антитромбогенные свойства стандартизованного экстракта Cimicifuga racemosa (Klimadynon, Bionorica, Германия) в сравнении с эффектами этинилэстрадиола при экспериментальной овариэктомии. Экстракт Cimicifuga racemosa (климадинон) относится к группе фитоэстрогенов, что явилось основанием для изучения его эффектов в условиях гипоэстрогенемии в качестве альтернативы гормональной заместительной терапии с целью профилактики и лечения сердечно-сосудистых осложнений климактерического синдрома.Установлено, что климадинон при его курсовом введении самкам крыс (100 мг/кг массы тела внутрижелудочно в течение 14 сут) способен замедлять внутрисосудистое тромбообразование, инициированное аппликацией на сонную артерию 10%-го раствора хлорида железа. Этинилэстрадиол в этих условиях оказывал протромбогенное действие: при аппликации 10%-го раствора хлорида железа на сонную артерию кровоток в сосуде прекращался к 5-й мин эксперимента и масса тромба через сутки после его инициации была в среднем на 28% больше, чем у животных контрольной группы. Для изучения возможных механизмов антитромбогенного действия климадинона были выполнены эксперименты по оценке влияния препарата в сравнении с этинилэстрадиолом на антиагрегантную и вазодилатационную активность эндотелия сосудов в условиях овариэктомии у крыс. Климадинон (100 мг/кг массы тела внутрижелудочно в течение 14 сут) практически равноэффективно препарату сравнения этинилэстрадиолу (25 мкг/кг массы тела внутрижелудочно в течение 14 сут) повышал антиагрегантную активность сосудистой стенки, восстанавливая ее активность до значений у ложнооперированных животных. Коэффициент эндотелииальной дисфункции (КЭД) у овариэктомированных крыс определяли как отношение площади над кривой восстановления артериального давления после введения натрия нитропруссида, вызывающего эндотелийнезависимую вазодилатацию, к величине этого показателя после инъекции ацетилхолина, вызывающего эндотелийзависимое расширение сосудов. У крыс после билатеральной овариэктомии КЭД увеличивался на 66% по сравнению со значением у ложнооперированных крыс. У животных, получавших климадинон и этинилэстрадиол, КЭД уменьшался на 42 и 28% соответственно по сравнению со значениями у крыс контрольной группы.Таким образом, климадинон обладает антитромбогенным и эндотелийпротективным эффектами у крыс после овариэктомии. Этинилэстрадиол ослабляет эндотелиальную дисфункцию у овариэктомированных крыс, но в отличие от климадинона оказывает протромбогенное действие. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что климадинон может быть использован для лечения сердечнососудистых осложнений климактерического синдрома

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and depressive disorder in no psychic disorder context during early postoperative aortocoronary shunting period

The aim of the work is to research patients' early postoperative cognitive dysfunction after aortocoronary shunting, make connections between cognitive function and depressive disorder. Clinical, psychological, neuropsychological examination of 110 patients’ during preoperative period aortocoronary shunting shows that postoperative cognitive dysfunction appears in almost all patients’ cognitive function deterioration. At preoperative period depression authentically increases risk postoperative cognitive dysfunction development that is mostly shown in concentration impairment. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and depressive disorder in no psychic disorder context during early postoperative aortocoronary shunting period form composite symptom complex where depressive and cognitive disorders have reciprocal interactive communication. The most effect on cardio-surgery practice has application of the neuropsychological tests such as «dysautomatic speech», «drawing a serials of figures» and «words memorization» for patients with ischemia during preoperative and early postoperative aortocoronary shunting period. The main aim of those tests is to detect patients cognitive and depressive disorders on early period.Целью работы было исследование характера и выраженности ранней послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции у пациентов, перенесших аортокоронарное шунтирование, установление ассоциации нарушений когнитивных функций с депрессивными расстройствами. Клиническое, психологическое и нейропсихологическое обследование 110 больных в лериоперационном периоде аортокоронарного шунтирования выявило, что послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция проявляется в ухудшении практически всех когнитивных функций больных. Наличие депрессии в дооперационном периоде достоверно повышает риск развития послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции, проявляющейся в большей степени в ухудшении внимания. Послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция и депрессивные нарушения в раннем послеоперационном периоде аортокоронарного шунтирования образуют сложный симптомокомплекс, в котором проявления депрессии и когнитивные расстройства оказывают друг на друга реципрокное влияние. Наиболее эффективным для практического внедрения в кардиохирургическую практику представляется включение в обследование больных с ишемической болезнью сердца на этапе подготовки и в раннем послеоперационном периоде аортокоронарного шунтирования таких нейропсихологических тестов, как «деавтоматизированная речь», «рисование серии фигур» и «запоминание групп слов» с целью раннего выявления когнитивных и депрессивных нарушений у этой группы пациентов

Методика проведения судебной лингвистической экспертизы по делам об оскорблении

A summary of the methodology covers the theoretical underpinnings of forensic linguistic analysis in cases involving criminal insult, as well as methods of achieving forensic objectives. A full-text print version of the methodology is planned for release later this year.В кратком варианте (проспекте) методики рассматриваются теоретические основы судебной лингвистической экспертизы по делам об оскорблении, а также методика решения экспертных задач. В текущем году планируется издание полного варианта Методики

Subjective assessment of time intervals as a characteristic of the emotional stability in pediatricians of different profiles

The article outlines the results of an empirical study of acoustic and visual orientation in the time of pediatricians of different profiles as a characteristic of their emotional stability. It is shown that the individual's perception of time intervals (within 1 minute), being one of the most important functions of the brain, plays an important role in the level of adaptive potential and stress resistance of the individual in professional activitiesВ статье изложены результаты эмпирического исследования слуховой и зрительной ориентации во времени врачей-педиатров разного профиля как характеристика их эмоциональной устойчивости. Показано, что восприятия индивидом временных интервалов (в пределах 1 минуты), являясь одной из важнейших функций мозга, играет важную роль в уровне адаптационного потенциала и стрессоустойчивости личности в профессиональной деятельност

Deficiency in origin licensing proteins impairs cilia formation: implications for the aetiology of meier-gorlin syndrome

Mutations in ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDT1, and CDC6, which encode proteins required for DNA replication origin licensing, cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS), a disorder conferring microcephaly, primordial dwarfism, underdeveloped ears, and skeletal abnormalities. Mutations in ATR, which also functions during replication, can cause Seckel syndrome, a clinically related disorder. These findings suggest that impaired DNA replication could underlie the developmental defects characteristic of these disorders. Here, we show that although origin licensing capacity is impaired in all patient cells with mutations in origin licensing component proteins, this does not correlate with the rate of progression through S phase. Thus, the replicative capacity in MGS patient cells does not correlate with clinical manifestation. However, ORC1-deficient cells from MGS patients and siRNA-mediated depletion of origin licensing proteins also have impaired centrosome and centriole copy number. As a novel and unexpected finding, we show that they also display a striking defect in the rate of formation of primary cilia. We demonstrate that this impacts sonic hedgehog signalling in ORC1-deficient primary fibroblasts. Additionally, reduced growth factor-dependent signaling via primary cilia affects the kinetics of cell cycle progression following cell cycle exit and re-entry, highlighting an unexpected mechanism whereby origin licensing components can influence cell cycle progression. Finally, using a cell-based model, we show that defects in cilia function impair chondroinduction. Our findings raise the possibility that a reduced efficiency in forming cilia could contribute to the clinical features of MGS, particularly the bone development abnormalities, and could provide a new dimension for considering developmental impacts of licensing deficiency