36 research outputs found
„Wissensraum Architektur“– A Constructivist Model of Learning for Architectural Education at Anhalt University of Applied Sciences
The study of architecture is by nature highly interdisciplinary. Design, structure, technology, ecology and economics must all be considered in the process of planning and building. Therefore it is important to encourage an integrated approach in terms of education and to create a interdisciplinary network of learning contents. Wissensraum Architektur is a contribution to this idea. Wissensraum Architektur is an internet-based system for teaching and learning at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Anhalt University of Applied Sciences in Dessau. The basis of Wissensraum is a pool of media elements and multimedia based components to which authors from different fields contribute. The authoring system allows instructors to create, by simple means, digital learning modules. Due to the modular structure, modular elements and sequences in varying relations and by different authors can be reused and restructured. A knowledge map visualizes relationships among the different learning content. In this way, a virtual campus in Dessau is created step by step. The didactical concept of Wissensraum supports Constructivist models of learning. Users can use the database for research and can create their own way of learning concerning particular themes. The availability via Internet makes it possible to work from any location at any time
Energy Linearity and Resolution of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Barrel Calorimeter in an Electron Test-Beam
A module of the ATLAS electromagnetic barrel liquid argon calorimeter was
exposed to the CERN electron test-beam at the H8 beam line upgraded for
precision momentum measurement. The available energies of the electron beam
ranged from 10 to 245 GeV. The electron beam impinged at one point
corresponding to a pseudo-rapidity of eta=0.687 and an azimuthal angle of
phi=0.28 in the ATLAS coordinate system. A detailed study of several effects
biasing the electron energy measurement allowed an energy reconstruction
procedure to be developed that ensures a good linearity and a good resolution.
Use is made of detailed Monte Carlo simulations based on Geant which describe
the longitudinal and transverse shower profiles as well as the energy
distributions. For electron energies between 15 GeV and 180 GeV the deviation
of the measured incident electron energy over the beam energy is within 0.1%.
The systematic uncertainty of the measurement is about 0.1% at low energies and
negligible at high energies. The energy resolution is found to be about 10%
sqrt(E) for the sampling term and about 0.2% for the local constant term
Measuring extensive air showers with Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array: The energy spectrum of cosmic rays
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the range 10^15 eV to 6*10^19 eV has
been studied using the air Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array. The
total flux of photons produced by relativistic electrons (including positrons
as well, hereafter) of extensive air showers in the atmosphere is used as the
energy estimator of the primary particle initiating a shower. The resultant
differential flux of cosmic rays exhibits, in accordance with previous
measurements, a knee and ankle features at energies 3*10^15 and ~10^19 eV,
respectively. A comparison of observational data with simulations is made in
the knee and ankle regions in order to choose the models of galactic and
extragalactic components of cosmic rays which describe better the energy
spectrum measured.Comment: 27 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in New Journal of
Physics (Focus Issue
Gravitational-wave research as an emerging field in the Max Planck Society. The long roots of GEO600 and of the Albert Einstein Institute
On the occasion of the 50th anniversary since the beginning of the search for
gravitational waves at the Max Planck Society, and in coincidence with the 25th
anniversary of the foundation of the Albert Einstein Institute, we explore the
interplay between the renaissance of general relativity and the advent of
relativistic astrophysics following the German early involvement in
gravitational-wave research, to the point when gravitational-wave detection
became established by the appearance of full-scale detectors and international
collaborations. On the background of the spectacular astrophysical discoveries
of the 1960s and the growing role of relativistic astrophysics, Ludwig Biermann
and his collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Munich
became deeply involved in research related to such new horizons. At the end of
the 1960s, Joseph Weber's announcements claiming detection of gravitational
waves sparked the decisive entry of this group into the field, in parallel with
the appointment of the renowned relativist Juergen Ehlers. The Munich area
group of Max Planck institutes provided the fertile ground for acquiring a
leading position in the 1970s, facilitating the experimental transition from
resonant bars towards laser interferometry and its innovation at increasingly
large scales, eventually moving to a dedicated site in Hannover in the early
1990s. The Hannover group emphasized perfecting experimental systems at pilot
scales, and never developed a full-sized detector, rather joining the LIGO
Scientific Collaboration at the end of the century. In parallel, the Max Planck
Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) had been
founded in Potsdam, and both sites, in Hannover and Potsdam, became a unified
entity in the early 2000s and were central contributors to the first detection
of gravitational waves in 2015.Comment: 94 pages. Enlarged version including new results from further
archival research. A previous version appears as a chapter in the volume The
Renaissance of General Relativity in Context, edited by A. Blum, R. Lalli and
J. Renn (Boston: Birkhauser, 2020
Gamma ray astrophysics: the EGRET results
Cosmic gamma rays provide insight into some of the most dynamic processes in
the Universe. At the dawn of a new generation of gamma-ray telescopes, this
review summarizes results from the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope
(EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the principal predecessor mission
studying high-energy photons in the 100 MeV energy range. EGRET viewed a
gamma-ray sky dominated by prominent emission from the Milky Way, but featuring
an array of other sources, including quasars, pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, and
many sources that remain unidentified. A central feature of the EGRET results
was the high degree of variability seen in many gamma-ray sources, indicative
of the powerful forces at work in objects visible to gamma-ray telescopes.Comment: 23 pages, 24 figure
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope: High-Energy Results from the First Year
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) was launched on June 11, 2008 and
began its first year sky survey on August 11, 2008. The Large Area Telescope
(LAT), a wide field-of-view pair-conversion telescope covering the energy range
from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV, is the primary instrument on Fermi. While
this review focuses on results obtained with the LAT, the Gamma-ray Burst
Monitor (GBM) complements the LAT in its observations of transient sources and
is sensitive to X-rays and gamma-rays with energies between 8 keV and 40 MeV.
During the first year in orbit, the Fermi LAT has observed a large number of
sources that include active galaxies, pulsars, compact binaries, globular
clusters, supernova remnants, as well as the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. The
GBM and LAT together have uncovered surprising characteristics in the
high-energy emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that have been used to set
significant new limits on violations of Lorentz invariance. The Fermi LAT has
also made important new measurements of the Galactic diffuse radiation and has
made precise measurements of the spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons
from 20 GeV to 1 TeV.Comment: 39 pages, 16 figure