Relación de la participación política sindical con las variables sociodemográficas de los trabajadores/as asociados al Sindicato N°1 Codelco Chile División Ventanas

Tesis (Trabajo Social)Desde el origen de la historia el ser humano se ha caracterizado por construir sociedad y, junto con ello, formar diversos movimientos sociales que permitan generar una acción colectiva que desarrolle instancias de Participación Política y den paso al mejoramiento de los derechos. Por lo cual, y considerando esto, es que conociendo la realidad del Sindicato N°1 de Trabajadores/as de Codelco Chile División Ventanas, se hace necesario investigar cómo se manifiesta la participación política en este contexto. Para poder conocer esto, es relevante realizar un estudio Correlacional, mediante el cual se logre esclarecer cómo se manifiesta la participación política en el sindicato y cómo ésta se relaciona con variables sociodemográficas, en este caso específico, con las variables de sexo y edad. La importancia de este estudio radica en que es realizado desde el Trabajo Social, generando un valor agregado a la investigación cuantitativa que se presenta, promoviendo instancias de búsqueda mediante las cuales se pueda desarrollar el Estudio Correlacional con características descriptivas que midan y relacionen las variables sociodemográficas que fueron mencionadas anteriormente con la Participación Política y sus dimensiones, pudiendo aportar nuevo conocimiento sobre las variables propuestas para este contexto

Irrelevant tactile stimulation biases visual exploration in external coordinates

Ossandón JP, König P, Heed T. Irrelevant tactile stimulation biases visual exploration in external coordinates. Scientific Reports. 2015;5(1): 10664

The contributions of image content and behavioral relevancy to overt attention

During free-viewing of natural scenes, eye movements are guided by bottom-up factors inherent to the stimulus, as well as top-down factors inherent to the observer. The question of how these two different sources of information interact and contribute to fixation behavior has recently received a lot of attention. Here, a battery of 15 visual stimulus features was used to quantify the contribution of stimulus properties during free-viewing of 4 different categories of images (Natural, Urban, Fractal and Pink Noise). Behaviorally relevant information was estimated in the form of topographical interestingness maps by asking an independent set of subjects to click at image regions that they subjectively found most interesting. Using a Bayesian scheme, we computed saliency functions that described the probability of a given feature to be fixated. In the case of stimulus features, the precise shape of the saliency functions was strongly dependent upon image category and overall the saliency associated with these features was generally weak. When testing multiple features jointly, a linear additive integration model of individual saliencies performed satisfactorily. We found that the saliency associated with interesting locations was much higher than any low-level image feature and any pair-wise combination thereof. Furthermore, the low-level image features were found to be maximally salient at those locations that had already high interestingness ratings. Temporal analysis showed that regions with high interestingness ratings were fixated as early as the third fixation following stimulus onset. Paralleling these findings, fixation durations were found to be dependent mainly on interestingness ratings and to a lesser extent on the low-level image features. Our results suggest that both low- and high-level sources of information play a significant role during exploration of complex scenes with behaviorally relevant information being more effective compared to stimulus features.publisher versio

Unmasking the contribution of low-level features to the guidance of attention.

The role of low-level stimulus-driven control in the guidance of overt visual attention has been difficult to establish because low- and high-level visual content are spatially correlated within natural visual stimuli. Here we show that impairment of parietal cortical areas, either permanently by a lesion or reversibly by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), leads to fixation of locations with higher values of low-level features as compared to control subjects or in a no-rTMS condition. Moreover, this unmasking of stimulus-driven control crucially depends on the intrahemispheric balance between top-down and bottom-up cortical areas. This result suggests that although in normal behavior high-level features might exert a strong influence, low-level features do contribute to guide visual selection during the exploration of complex natural stimuli

Universal and non-universal features of musical pitch perception revealed by singing

Musical pitch perception is argued to result from nonmusical biological constraints and thus to have similar characteristics across cultures, but its universality remains unclear. We probed pitch representations in residents of the Bolivian Amazon—the Tsimane', who live in relative isolation from Western culture—as well as US musicians and non-musicians. Participants sang back tone sequences presented in different frequency ranges. Sung responses of Amazonian and US participants approximately replicated heard intervals on a logarithmic scale, even for tones outside the singing range. Moreover, Amazonian and US reproductions both deteriorated for high-frequency tones even though they were fully audible. But whereas US participants tended to reproduce notes an integer number of octaves above or below the heard tones, Amazonians did not, ignoring the note “chroma” (C, D, etc.). Chroma matching in US participants was more pronounced in US musicians than non-musicians, was not affected by feedback, and was correlated with similarity-based measures of octave equivalence as well as the ability to match the absolute f0 of a stimulus in the singing range. The results suggest the cross-cultural presence of logarithmic scales for pitch, and biological constraints on the limits of pitch, but indicate that octave equivalence may be culturally contingent, plausibly dependent on pitch representations that develop from experience with particular musical systems