169 research outputs found
Pulses in the Zero-Spacing Limit of the GOY Model
We study the propagation of localised disturbances in a turbulent, but
momentarily quiescent and unforced shell model (an approximation of the
Navier-Stokes equations on a set of exponentially spaced momentum shells).
These disturbances represent bursts of turbulence travelling down the inertial
range, which is thought to be responsible for the intermittency observed in
turbulence. Starting from the GOY shell model, we go to the limit where the
distance between succeeding shells approaches zero (``the zero spacing limit'')
and helicity conservation is retained. We obtain a discrete field theory which
is numerically shown to have pulse solutions travelling with constant speed and
with unchanged form. We give numerical evidence that the model might even be
exactly integrable, although the continuum limit seems to be singular and the
pulses show an unusual super exponential decay to zero as when , where is the {\em
golden mean}. For finite momentum shell spacing, we argue that the pulses
should accelerate, moving to infinity in a finite time. Finally we show that
the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the GOY model approaches zero in this limit.Comment: 27 pages, submitted for publicatio
Dynamical Organization around Turbulent Bursts
The detailed dynamics around intermittency bursts is investigated in
turbulent shell models. We observe that the amplitude of the high wave number
velocity modes vanishes before each burst, meaning that the fixed point in zero
and not the Kolmogorov fixed point determines the intermittency. The phases of
the field organize during the burst, and after a burst the field oscillates
back to the laminar level. We explain this behavior from the variations in the
values of the dissipation and the advection around the zero fixed point.Comment: 4 pages, REVTex, 3 figures in one ps-fil
Optimal Homogenization of Perfusion Flows in Microfluidic Bio-Reactors: A Numerical Study
In recent years, the interest in small-scale bio-reactors has increased dramatically. To ensure homogeneous conditions within the complete area of perfused microfluidic bio-reactors, we develop a general design of a continually feed bio-reactor with uniform perfusion flow. This is achieved by introducing a specific type of perfusion inlet to the reaction area. The geometry of these inlets are found using the methods of topology optimization and shape optimization. The results are compared with two different analytic models, from which a general parametric description of the design is obtained and tested numerically. Such a parametric description will generally be beneficial for the design of a broad range of microfluidic bioreactors used for, e.g., cell culturing and analysis and in feeding bio-arrays
TCT-492 Stent Thrombosis With Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in a Real World Setting
DNA Methylation Is Involved in Maintenance of an Unusual Expression Pattern of an Introduced Gene
Influence of fractional flow reserve on grafts patency: Systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis.
To investigate the impact of invasive functional guidance for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on graft failure.
Data on the impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding CABG are still limited.
Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis were performed. Primary objective was the risk of graft failure, stratified by FFR. Risk estimates are reported as odds ratios (ORs) derived from the aggregated data using random-effects models. Individual patient data were analyzed using mixed effect model to assess relationship between FFR and graft failure. This meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180444).
Four prospective studies comprising 503 patients referred for CABG, with 1471 coronaries, assessed by FFR were included. Graft status was available for 1039 conduits at median of 12.0 [IQR 6.6; 12.0] months. Risk of graft failure was higher in vessels with preserved FFR (OR 5.74, 95% CI 1.71-19.29). Every 0.10 FFR units decrease in the coronaries was associated with 56% risk reduction of graft failure (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59). FFR cut-off to predict graft failure was 0.79.
Surgical grafting of coronaries with functionally nonsignificant stenoses was associated with higher risk of graft failure
Heterologous production of the widely used natural food colorant carminic acid in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>
Abstract The natural red food colorants carmine (E120) and carminic acid are currently produced from scale insects. The access to raw material is limited and current production is sensitive to fluctuation in weather conditions. A cheaper and more stable supply is therefore desirable. Here we present the first proof-of-concept of heterologous microbial production of carminic acid in Aspergillus nidulans by developing a semi-natural biosynthetic pathway. Formation of the tricyclic core of carminic acid is achieved via a two-step process wherein a plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) forms a non-reduced linear octaketide, which subsequently is folded into the desired flavokermesic acid anthrone (FKA) structure by a cyclase and a aromatase from a bacterial type II PKS system. The formed FKA is oxidized to flavokermesic acid and kermesic acid, catalyzed by endogenous A. nidulans monooxygenases, and further converted to dcII and carminic acid by the Dactylopius coccus C-glucosyltransferase DcUGT2. The establishment of a functional biosynthetic carminic acid pathway in A. nidulans serves as an important step towards industrial-scale production of carminic acid via liquid-state fermentation using a microbial cell factory
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