Применение метода линейной свертки для выбора источника альтернативной энергии

В статті вирішена задача багатокритеріального вибору джерела альтернативної енергії шляхом застосування методу лінійної згортки. Відображено основні етапи реалізації даного методу для конкретних початкових умов та заданих критеріїв вибору. Розглянуто особливості реалізації методу лінійної згортки при збільшенні кількості критеріїв та змінних. Даний метод розглядається як основа для побудови алгоритмів керування джерелами в складі енергетичних систем типу Micro Grid чи Smart Grid.The use of alternative energy sources (solar, wind, geothermal), together with traditional sources is relevant for today. This ensures uninterrupted flow of electricity to consumers. However, the efficiency of alternative energy sources is dependent on weather conditions. Therefore, the development of control methods and control algorithms in power systems for providing the connection and disconnection of these sources, depending on user requirements, is actual. Creating these algorithms provides a solution to task of multi-selection. The system that contains three sources of alternative energy - photoelectric, wind generator and a diesel engine considered in this paper. This example shows the selection of one of the sources of the method of linear convolution for specific weather conditions. The conditions for extension of the method were considered when the number of sources or criterias is increasing and when we use as criterias different parameters which can be measured directly or indirectly.На сегодняшний день актуальным является использование источников альтернативной энергии (солнечной, ветровой, геотермальной) наряду с традиционными источниками. Такое техническое решение позволяет обеспечить бесперебойное поступление электроэнергии к потребителям. Однако, зависимость эффективности функционирования источников альтернативной энергии от погодных условий требует разработки таких методов и алгоритмов управления процессами в энергетических системах, которые обеспечивают подключение и отключение этих источников в зависимости от требований пользователя. Создание таких алгоритмов предусматривает решение задач многокритериального выбора. На примере системы, содержащей три источника альтернативной энергии - фотобатарею, ветрогенератор и дизельный двигатель - для заданных погодных условий продемонстрировано выбор одного из источников по методу линейной свертки и рассмотрены условия расширения применения данного метода при увеличении количества источников или критериев и при использовании в качестве критериев параметров, подлежащих непосредственному или опосредованному измерению

Polarization of Lambda^0 hyperons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies

The measurement of Lambda^0 hyperons polarization in nucleus-nucleus collisions is considered as one of possible tools to study the phase transition. Fixed target and collider experiments are discussed for the case of Lambda^0's production from Au-Au central collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} of several GeV.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Adipocyte ATP-binding cassette G1 promotes triglyceride storage, fat mass growth, and human obesity

The role of ATP-binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter in human pathophysiology is still largely unknown. Indeed, beyond its role in mediating free cholesterol efflux to HDL, ABCG1 transporter equally promotes lipid accumulation in a triglyceride (TG)-rich environment through regulation of the bioavailability of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL).As both ABCG1 and LPL are expressed in adipose tissue, we hypothesize that ABCG1 is implicated in adipocyte TG storage and could be then a major actor in adipose tissue fat accumulation.Silencing of Abcg1 expression by RNAi in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes compromised LPL-dependent TG accumulation during initial phase of differentiation. Generation of stable Abcg1 Knockdown 3T3-L1 adipocytes revealed that Abcg1 deficiency reduces TG storage and diminishes lipid droplet size through inhibition of Pparγ expression. Strikingly, local inhibition of adipocyte Abcg1 in adipose tissue from mice fed a high fat diet led to a rapid decrease of adiposity and weight gain. Analysis of two frequent ABCG1 SNPs (rs1893590 (A/C) and rs1378577 (T/G)) in morbidly obese individuals indicated that elevated ABCG1 expression in adipose tissue was associated with an increased PPARγ expression and adiposity concomitant to an increased fat mass and BMI (haplotype AT>GC). The critical role of ABCG1 regarding obesity was further confirmed in independent populations of severe obese and diabetic obese individuals.For the first time, this study identifies a major role of adipocyte ABCG1 in adiposity and fat mass growth and suggests that adipose ABCG1 might represent a potential therapeutic target in obesity

Genome-wide genotyping demonstrates a polygenic risk score associated with white matter hyperintensity volume in CADASIL

Background and Purpose—White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI are a quantitative marker for sporadic cerebral small vessel disease and are highly heritable. To date, large-scale genetic studies have identified only a single locus influencing WMH burden. This might in part relate to biological heterogeneity of sporadic WMH. The current study searched for genetic modifiers of WMH volume in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a monogenic small vessel disease. Methods—We performed a genome-wide association study to identify quantitative trait loci for WMH volume by combining data from 517 CADASIL patients collected through 7 centers across Europe. WMH volumes were centrally analyzed and quantified on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. Individuals were assigned to 2 distinct genetic clusters (cluster 1 and cluster 2) based on their genetic background. Results—Four hundred sixty-six patients entered the final genome-wide association study analysis. The phenotypic variance of WMH burden in CADASIL explained by all single nucleotide polymorphisms in cluster 1 was 0.85 (SE=0.21), suggesting a substantial genetic contribution. Using cluster 1 as derivation and cluster 2 as a validation sample, a polygenic score was significantly associated with WMH burden (P=0.001) after correction for age, sex, and vascular risk factors. No single nucleotide polymorphism reached genome-wide significance. Conclusions—We found a polygenic score to be associated with WMH volume in CADASIL subjects. Our findings suggest that multiple variants with small effects influence WMH burden in CADASIL. The identification of these variants and the biological pathways involved will provide insights into the pathophysiology of white matter disease in CADASIL and possibly small vessel disease in general

Bi-allelic <i>NIT1 </i>variants cause a brain small vessel disease characterized by movement disorders, massively dilated perivascular spaces, and intracerebral hemorrhage

Purpose: To describe a recessively inherited cerebral small vessel disease, caused by loss-of-function variants in Nitrilase1 (NIT1). Methods:We performed exome sequencing, brain magnetic resonance imaging, neuropathology, electron microscopy, western blotting, and transcriptomic and metabolic analyses in 7 NIT1-small vessel disease patients from 5 unrelated pedigrees. Results: The first identified patients were 3 siblings, compound heterozygous for the NIT1 c.727C&gt;T; (p.Arg243Trp) variant and the NIT1 c.198_199del; p.(Ala68∗) variant. The 4 additional patients were single cases from 4 unrelated pedigrees and were all homozygous for the NIT1 c.727C&gt;T; p.(Arg243Trp) variant. Patients presented in mid-adulthood with movement disorders. All patients had striking abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging, with numerous and massively dilated basal ganglia perivascular spaces. Three patients had non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage between age 45 and 60, which was fatal in 2 cases. Western blotting on patient fibroblasts showed absence of NIT1 protein, and metabolic analysis in urine confirmed loss of NIT1 enzymatic function. Brain autopsy revealed large electron-dense deposits in the vessel walls of small and medium sized cerebral arteries. Conclusion: NIT1-small vessel disease is a novel, autosomal recessively inherited cerebral small vessel disease characterized by a triad of movement disorders, massively dilated basal ganglia perivascular spaces, and intracerebral hemorrhage.</p

Analysis of synonymous codon usage in Hepatitis A virus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis A virus is the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, which causes occasional acute hepatitis. Nevertheless, little information about synonymous codon usage pattern of HAV genome in the process of its evolution is available. In this study, the key genetic determinants of codon usage in HAV were examined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall extent of codon usage bias in HAV is high in <it>Picornaviridae</it>. And the patterns of synonymous codon usage are quite different in HAV genomes from different location. The base composition is closely correlated with codon usage bias. Furthermore, the most important determinant that results in such a high codon bias in HAV is mutation pressure rather than natural selection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HAV presents a higher codon usage bias than other members of <it>Picornaviridae</it>. Compositional constraint is a significant element that influences the variation of synonymous codon usage in HAV genome. Besides, mutation pressure is supposed to be the major factor shaping the hyperendemic codon usage pattern of HAV.</p

Hyperon polarization and single spin left-right asymmetry in inclusive production processes at high energies

It is shown that the polarization of hyperons observed in high energy collisions using unpolarized hadron beams and unpolarized nucleon or nuclear targets is closely related to the left-right asymmetries observed in single spin inclusive hadron production processes. The relationship is most obvious for the production of the hyperons which have only one common valence quark with the projectile. Examples of this kind are given. Further implications of the existence of large polarization for hyperon which has two valence quarks in common with the projectile and their consequences are discussed. A comparison with the available data is made. Further tests are suggested.Comment: REVTeX, 12 pages, 2 figures embedde

Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: A burden of disease analysis

Background: Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Methods: Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70 years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70 years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Results: Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Conclusion: Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19