Individual and contextual covariates of burnout: a cross-sectional nationwide study of French teachers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Limited information on the covariates of burnout syndrome in French teachers is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of individual and contextual factors on the three burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The source data come from an epidemiological postal survey on physical and mental health conducted in 2005 among 20,099 education workers (in activity or retired) selected at random from the health plan records of the national education system. The response rate was 52.4%. Teachers in activity currently giving classes to students who participated in the survey (n = 3,940) were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. 2,558 teachers provided complete data (64.9%). Variables associated with high emotional exhaustion (highest quartile of score), high depersonalization (highest quartile), and reduced personal accomplishment (lowest quartile) were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Studied variables referred to demographic characteristics, socio-professional environment, job dissatisfaction, experienced difficulties at work, and teaching motivations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Different variables were associated with each burnout dimension. Female teachers were more susceptible to high emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment, whereas male teachers were more susceptible to high depersonalization. Elementary school teachers were more susceptible to high emotional exhaustion, but less susceptible to high depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment than their higher school level counterparts. Experienced difficulties with pupils were associated with all three dimensions. A socio-economically underprivileged school neighbourhood was also related to high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Programs to enhance teaching environment might be an interesting approach to try to prevent burnout. It would be useful to take the different dimensions into account in planning the intervention.</p

Bioprinted Living Coral Microenvironments Mimicking Coral-Algal Symbiosis

The coral-algal symbiosis is the biological engine that drives one of the most spectacular structures on Earth: the coral reef. Here, living coral microhabitats are engineered using 3D bioprinting, as biomimetic model system of the coral-algal symbiosis. Various bioinks for the encapsulation of coral photosymbiotic microalgae (Breviolum psygmophilum) are developed and coral mass transfer phenomena are mimicked by 3D bioprinting coral tissue and skeleton microscale features. At the tissue–seawater interface, the biomimetic coral polyp and connective tissue structures successfully replicate the natural build-up of the O2 diffusive boundary layer. Inside the bioprinted construct, coral-like microscale gastric cavities are engineered using a multi-material bioprinting process. Underneath the tissue, the constructs mimic the porous architecture of the coral aragonite skeleton at the micrometer scale, which can be manipulated to assess the effects of skeletal architecture on stress-related hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The bioprinted living coral microhabitats replicate the diffusion-related phenomena that underlie the functioning and breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis and can be exploited for the additive manufacturing of synthetic designer corals. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Impact du changement climatique sur l'hydrologie des bassins méditerranéen : réduction des incertitudes et quantification du risque

International audienceThe strategy of CLIMB is aiming to employ and integrate advan¬ced field monitoring techniques, remote sensing ana-lyses and retrievals, climate models auditing and integra¬ted hydrologic modeling and socioeconomic factor assess¬ment in a new conceptual framework to significantly reduce exist-ing uncertainties in climate change impact analysis. It will create an integrated risk assessment tool for adaptive water resources management and best agricultural practice under climate change conditions. The risk and vulnerability analysis tool will also enable the assess¬ment of risks for conflict-inducing actions. The impro¬ved models, new assessment tools, and their results will be evaluated against current methodologies. Improvements will be communicated to stakeholders and decision makers in a transparent, easy-to-understand form, enabling them to utilize the new findings in regional water resource and agricultural management initiatives as well as in the design of mechanisms to reduce potential for conflict CLIMB is embedded in a cluster of independent EU- projects with WASSERMed and CLICO, focused on climate induced changes in water resources as a threat to security.L'objectif de la stratégie du projet CLIMB est d'utiliser et d'intégrer des techniques de suivi avancées sur le terrain, des analyses et des recherches de données faisant appel à la télédétection, de vérification de modèles d'évolution climatique et de modélisation par l'intégration hydrologique, et d'évaluation des facteurs socio-économiques dans un cadre conceptuel nouveau afin de réduire de façon significative les incertitudes existantes au sein des analyses des impacts du changement climatique. Ce projet créera un outil intégré d'évaluation du risque qui servira à gérer d'une façon adaptée les ressources en eau et à mettre en ½uvre les meilleures pratiques agricoles possibles dans les conditions du changement climatique. Cet outil d'analyse du risque et de la vulnérabilité permettra aussi l'évaluation des risques dans le cas d'actions conflictuelles. On comparera les modèles améliorés, les nouveaux outils d'évaluation, et leurs résultats aux méthodologies couramment utilisées. On diffusera les progrès obtenus aux parties prenantes et aux décideurs sous une forme transparente et facile à comprendre, leur permettant d'une part d'utiliser les résultats fraichement produits, tant dans les initiatives relatives à la ressource régionale en eau et à la gestion de l'agriculture, et d'autre part de réduire la source de conflit potentiel

Changements induits par le climat sur l'hydrologie des bassins Méditerranéens : un concept de recherche pour réduire les incertitudes et quantifier les risques

International audienceThe presented project initiative CLIMB (Climate Induced Changes on the Hydrology of Mediterranean Basins Reducing Uncertainty and Quantifying Risk) has recently signed a Grant Agreement in EC's 7th Framework Program (FP7-ENV.2009.1.1.5.2). In its 4-year design, starting from January 2010, the collaborative project for specific cooperation actions (SICA) dedicated to international partner countries shall analyze ongoing and future climate-induced changes in hydrological budgets and extremes across the Mediterranean and neighboring regions. This is undertaken in study sites located in Sardinia, Northern Italy, Southern France, Tunisia, Turkey, Egypt and the Palestinian-administered area Gaza. The work plan is targeted to selected river or aquifer catchments, where the consortium will employ a combination of novel field monitoring and remote sensing concepts, data assimilation, integrated hydrologic modeling and socioeconomic factor analyses to reduce existing uncertainties in climate change impact analysis. Advanced climate scenario analysis will be employed and available ensembles of regional climate model simulations will be downscaled. This process will provide the drivers for an ensemble of hydro(-geo)logical models with different degrees of complexity in terms of process description and level of integration. The results of hydrological modeling and socio-economic factor analysis will enable the development of a GIS-based Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Tool. This tool will serve as a platform for the dissemination of project results, including communication with and planning for local and regional stakeholders. An important output of the research in the individual study sites will be the development of a set of recommendations for an improved monitoring and modeling strategy for climate change impact assessment. CLIMB is forming a cluster of independent projects with WASSERMed from the Environment and CLICO from Socio-Economic Sciences and Humanities Call of FP7 in 2009 (see Fig. 2). The intention of this clustering is to foster scientific synergy and cooperation between the partner projects to achieve improvements in policy outreach on different spatial scales.Le projet FP7 CLIMB (Climate Induced Changes on the Hydrology of Mediterranean Basins Reducing Uncertainty and Quantifying Risk) (FP7-ENV.2009.1.1.5.2), d'une durée de 4 ans, avec un démarrage en janvier 2010 a pour objectif d'analyser l'impact du changement climatique sur l'hydrologie des bassins Méditerranéens. Des sites d'études en Italie, France (bassin de Thau), Tunisie, Turquie, Egypte et la bande de Gaza seront étudiés. Le consortium va employer des techniques nouvelles de télédétection et de géophysique, d'assimilation de données, de modélisation hydrologique et une analyse de facteurs socio économiques pour réduire les incertitudes dans les modèles et analyser l'impact du changement climatique

Changements induits par le climat sur l'hydrologie des bassins Méditerranéens : un concept de recherche pour réduire les incertitudes et quantifier les risques

International audienceThe presented project initiative CLIMB (Climate Induced Changes on the Hydrology of Mediterranean Basins Reducing Uncertainty and Quantifying Risk) has recently signed a Grant Agreement in EC's 7th Framework Program (FP7-ENV.2009.1.1.5.2). In its 4-year design, starting from January 2010, the collaborative project for specific cooperation actions (SICA) dedicated to international partner countries shall analyze ongoing and future climate-induced changes in hydrological budgets and extremes across the Mediterranean and neighboring regions. This is undertaken in study sites located in Sardinia, Northern Italy, Southern France, Tunisia, Turkey, Egypt and the Palestinian-administered area Gaza. The work plan is targeted to selected river or aquifer catchments, where the consortium will employ a combination of novel field monitoring and remote sensing concepts, data assimilation, integrated hydrologic modeling and socioeconomic factor analyses to reduce existing uncertainties in climate change impact analysis. Advanced climate scenario analysis will be employed and available ensembles of regional climate model simulations will be downscaled. This process will provide the drivers for an ensemble of hydro(-geo)logical models with different degrees of complexity in terms of process description and level of integration. The results of hydrological modeling and socio-economic factor analysis will enable the development of a GIS-based Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Tool. This tool will serve as a platform for the dissemination of project results, including communication with and planning for local and regional stakeholders. An important output of the research in the individual study sites will be the development of a set of recommendations for an improved monitoring and modeling strategy for climate change impact assessment. CLIMB is forming a cluster of independent projects with WASSERMed from the Environment and CLICO from Socio-Economic Sciences and Humanities Call of FP7 in 2009 (see Fig. 2). The intention of this clustering is to foster scientific synergy and cooperation between the partner projects to achieve improvements in policy outreach on different spatial scales.Le projet FP7 CLIMB (Climate Induced Changes on the Hydrology of Mediterranean Basins Reducing Uncertainty and Quantifying Risk) (FP7-ENV.2009.1.1.5.2), d'une durée de 4 ans, avec un démarrage en janvier 2010 a pour objectif d'analyser l'impact du changement climatique sur l'hydrologie des bassins Méditerranéens. Des sites d'études en Italie, France (bassin de Thau), Tunisie, Turquie, Egypte et la bande de Gaza seront étudiés. Le consortium va employer des techniques nouvelles de télédétection et de géophysique, d'assimilation de données, de modélisation hydrologique et une analyse de facteurs socio économiques pour réduire les incertitudes dans les modèles et analyser l'impact du changement climatique

Mainstreaming Sustainable Decision-making for Ecosystems: Integrating Ecological and Socio-economic Targets within a Decision Support System

The authors acknowledge the publisher in granting permission for making post-print version available in open access institutional repository.Ecosystem sustainable management, and the underlying decision-making process, generally requires the analysis of ecological, social and economic information, integrating both value judgements and policy goals. Since this process can be regarded as complex and tricky, natural resource management requires a well-structured and transparent decision-making process. In this regard, it is necessary to search for and implement sets of measures which can effectively solve emerging problems. Based on the assumption that decisions concerning the management of watersheds may imply trade-offs between their different functions, the intent was to test if software tools, such as MULINO, could be used to enhance multi-level governance of ecosystems. To achieve this, the DPSIR and MCA were incorporated, to analyze and quantify the explicit trade-offs between several types of services provided by estuarine ecosystems and stakeholder objectives. The Mondego Estuary (Portugal) was used as case study. This system is under constant pressure, from both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Urban expansion and tourism were identified as having a strong impact on system development, while agriculture, although declining, had a determinant role in the system’s status. The study evaluated potential alternatives focusing on the water quality improvement goals that could be designed for the system. The MCA ranked several alternatives and pinpointed as the ʺbestʺ option the alternative that combines buffer zones, eco-tourism enhancement, wastewater treatment plant development, the Murraceira trademark and bivalves bio-control. This analysis allowed a simplification of several management objectives; nonetheless, further tests are still required to understand the real connection between these outcomes and decision-makers