Polymer Synthesis in Continuous Flow Reactors

A variety of polymerizations has long been performed in continuous flow reactors on an industrial scale; comparatively, on smaller scales, continuous polymerization methods have only gained significant attention in recent years. Yet, within the last decade, the field has moved from the rare occurrence of flow reactors to their abundant use today. A wide variety of polymer reactions have been performed in a continuous fashion on small and intermediate scales. The advantages of applying flow chemistry principles for polymer reactions include increased reproducibility and synthetic precision, significant increases in reaction performances for photochemical reactions, the ability to couple reactors to create complex materials in a single reactor pass, as well as the unique combination of online monitoring and machine learning. In this review we give a comprehensive overview of polymer reactions being carried out in continuous flow reactors to date. The development of the field is discussed, concluding with the most recent examples on automated polymer synthesis, reactor telescoping and nanoparticle synthesis. Finally, the design of flow reactors is discussed to help newcomers contribute to the current and future developments in the field

Update and critical reanalysis of IUPAC benchmark propagation rate coefficient data

The dataset used to generate IUPAC benchmark Arrhenius parameters for propagation rate coefficients in radical polymerization is extended and reanalyzed, taking into account systematic interlaboratory variation

Atomic layer deposition of PbCl2, PbBr2 and mixed lead halide (Cl, Br, I) PbXnY2-n thin films

Atomic layer deposition offers outstanding film uniformity and conformality on substrates with high aspect ratio features. These qualities are essential for mixed-halide perovskite films applied in tandem solar cells, transistors and light-emitting diodes. The optical and electronic properties of mixed-halide perovskites can be adjusted by adjusting the ratios of different halides. So far ALD is only capable of depositing iodine-based halide perovskites whereas other halide processes are lacking. We describe six new low temperature (Peer reviewe

MaDDOSY (Mass Determination Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) using an 80 MHz bench top NMR for the rapid determination of polymer and macromolecular molecular weight

YesMeasurement of molecular weight is an integral part of macromolecular and polymer characterization which usually has limitations. Herein, we present the use of a bench-top 80 MHz NMR spectrometer for diffusion-ordered spectroscopy as a practical and rapid approach for the determination of molecular weight/size using a novel solvent and polymer-independent universal calibration.Royal Society. Grant Number: URF∖R1∖180274. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Grant Numbers: EP/V037943/1, EP/V007688/1, EP/V036211/