2,594 research outputs found
Hydrogels based on polymerized ionic Liquids as innovative Drug Carriers in controllable and individualized Dosage Forms
Novel Polymerized Ionic Liquids (PILs)-based Hydrogels as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems are presented. The
embedding of drugs in hydrogels enables the “smart” delivery of bioactive molecules from drugs for an oral route of
administration. Therefore, a high mechanical strength as well as a favorable pH-dependent swelling behavior is required
which is shown in this study. A mechanical compression of PILs-based hydrogels up to 98.5% and a high swelling
behavior of poly(VEImBr) hydrogels in a solution with a high pH value is achieved. A significant lower swelling is
achieved in a solution with a lower pH value
Electrode thickness measurement of a Si(Li) detector for the SIXA array
Cathode electrodes of the Si(Li) detector elements of the SIXA X-ray
spectrometer array are formed by gold-palladium alloy contact layers. The
equivalent thickness of gold in one element was measured by observing the
characteristic L-shell X-rays of gold excited by monochromatised synchrotron
radiation with photon energies above the L3 absorption edge of gold. The
results obtained at 4 different photon energies below the L2 edge yield an
average value of 22.4(35) nm which is consistent with the earlier result
extracted from detection efficiency measurements.
PACS: 29.40.Wk; 85.30.De; 07.85.Nc; 95.55.Ka
Keywords: Si(Li) detectors, X-ray spectrometers, X-ray fluorescence, detector
calibration, gold electrodes, synchrotron radiationComment: 10 pages, 4 PostScript figures, uses elsart.sty, submitted to Nucl.
Instrum. Meth.
Sampling binary sparse coding QUBO models using a spiking neuromorphic processor
We consider the problem of computing a sparse binary representation of an
image. To be precise, given an image and an overcomplete, non-orthonormal
basis, we aim to find a sparse binary vector indicating the minimal set of
basis vectors that when added together best reconstruct the given input. We
formulate this problem with an loss on the reconstruction error, and an
(or, equivalently, an ) loss on the binary vector enforcing
sparsity. This yields a so-called Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization
(QUBO) problem, whose solution is generally NP-hard to find. The contribution
of this work is twofold. First, the method of unsupervised and unnormalized
dictionary feature learning for a desired sparsity level to best match the data
is presented. Second, the binary sparse coding problem is then solved on the
Loihi 1 neuromorphic chip by the use of stochastic networks of neurons to
traverse the non-convex energy landscape. The solutions are benchmarked against
the classical heuristic simulated annealing. We demonstrate neuromorphic
computing is suitable for sampling low energy solutions of binary sparse coding
QUBO models, and although Loihi 1 is capable of sampling very sparse solutions
of the QUBO models, there needs to be improvement in the implementation in
order to be competitive with simulated annealing
A multi-institutional phase 2 trial of ablative 5-fraction stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided on-table adaptive radiation therapy for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer
PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance (MR) image guidance may facilitate safe ultrahypofractionated radiation dose escalation for inoperable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We conducted a prospective study evaluating the safety of 5-fraction Stereotactic MR-guided on-table Adaptive Radiation Therapy (SMART) for locally advanced (LAPC) and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC).
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with LAPC or BRPC were eligible for this multi-institutional, single-arm, phase 2 trial after ≥3 months of systemic therapy without evidence of distant progression. Fifty gray in 5 fractions was prescribed on a 0.35T MR-guided radiation delivery system. The primary endpoint was acute grade ≥3 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity definitely attributed to SMART.
RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six patients (LAPC 56.6%, BRPC 43.4%) were enrolled between January 2019 and January 2022. Mean age was 65.7 (36-85) years. Head of pancreas lesions were most common (66.9%). Induction chemotherapy mostly consisted of (modified)FOLFIRINOX (65.4%) or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (16.9%). Mean CA19-9 after induction chemotherapy and before SMART was 71.7 U/mL (0-468). On-table adaptive replanning was performed for 93.1% of all delivered fractions. Median follow-up from diagnosis and SMART was 16.4 and 8.8 months, respectively. The incidence of acute grade ≥3 GI toxicity possibly or probably attributed to SMART was 8.8%, including 2 postoperative deaths that were possibly related to SMART in patients who had surgery. There was no acute grade ≥3 GI toxicity definitely related to SMART. One-year overall survival from SMART was 65.0%.
CONCLUSIONS: The primary endpoint of this study was met with no acute grade ≥3 GI toxicity definitely attributed to ablative 5-fraction SMART. Although it is unclear whether SMART contributed to postoperative toxicity, we recommend caution when pursuing surgery, especially with vascular resection after SMART. Additional follow-up is ongoing to evaluate late toxicity, quality of life, and long-term efficacy
Patient specific contouring region of interest for abdominal stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy
Contouring during adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can be a time-consuming process. This study describes the generation of patient specific contouring regions of interest (CRoI) for evaluating the high dose fall-off in stereotactic abdominal ART. An empirical equation was derived to determine the radius of a cylindrical patient specific CRoIs. These CRoIs were applied to 60 patients and their adaptive fractions (301 unique treatment plans). Out of the 301 unique treatment plans, 284 (94%) treatment plans contained the high dose fall-off within the CRoI. There was an expected predicted average timesaving of 2.9-min-per case. Patient specific CRoIs improves the efficiency of ART
LET spectra measurements of charged particles in the P0006 experiment on LDEF
Measurements are under way of the charged particle radiation environment of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellite using stacks of plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTD's) placed in different locations of the satellite. In the initial work the charge, energy, and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra of charged particles were measured with CR-39 double layer PNTD's located on the west side of the satellite (Experiment P0006). Primary and secondary stopping heavy ions were measured separately from the more energetic particles. Both trapped and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles are included, with the latter component being dominated by relativistic iron particles. The results from the P0006 experiment will be compared with similar measurements in other locations on LDEF with different orientation and shielding conditions. The remarkably detailed investigation of the charged particle radiation environment of the LDEF satellite will lead to a better understanding of the radiation environment of the Space Station Freedom. It will enable more accurate prediction of single event upsets (SEU's) in microelectronics and, especially, more accurate assessment of the risk - contributed by different components of the radiation field (GCR's, trapped protons, secondaries and heavy recoils, etc.) - to the health and safety of crew members
Hot dense capsule implosion cores produced by z-pinch dynamic hohlraum radiation
Hot dense capsule implosions driven by z-pinch x-rays have been measured for
the first time. A ~220 eV dynamic hohlraum imploded 1.7-2.1 mm diameter
gas-filled CH capsules which absorbed up to ~20 kJ of x-rays. Argon tracer atom
spectra were used to measure the Te~ 1keV electron temperature and the ne ~ 1-4
x10^23 cm-3 electron density. Spectra from multiple directions provide core
symmetry estimates. Computer simulations agree well with the peak compression
values of Te, ne, and symmetry, indicating reasonable understanding of the
hohlraum and implosion physics.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
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