Statistically Preserved Structures and Anomalous Scaling in Turbulent Active Scalar Advection

The anomalous scaling of correlation functions in the turbulent statistics of active scalars (like temperature in turbulent convection) is understood in terms of an auxiliary passive scalar which is advected by the same turbulent velocity field. While the odd-order correlation functions of the active and passive fields differ, we propose that the even-order correlation functions are the same to leading order (up to a trivial multiplicative factor). The leading correlation functions are statistically preserved structures of the passive scalar decaying problem, and therefore universality of the scaling exponents of the even-order correlations of the active scalar is demonstrated.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Substitution of Formal and Informal Home Care Service Use and Nursing Home Service Use: Health Outcomes, Decision-making Preferences, and Implications for a Public Health Policy

Objectives: The purposes of this study are: (1) to empirically identify decision-making preferences of long-term health-care use, especially informal and formal home care (FHC) service use; (2) to evaluate outcomes vs. costs based on substitutability of informal and FHC service use; and (3) to investigate health outcome disparity based on substitutability. Methodology and data: The methods of ordinary least squares, a logit model, and a bivariate probit model are used by controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and physical/mental health factors to investigate outcomes and costs based substitutability of informal and formal health-care use. The data come from the 2013 Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), which is designed by Keizai-Sangyo Kenkyu-jo, Hitotsubashi University, and the University of Tokyo. The JSTAR is a globally comparable data survey of the elderly. Results: There exists a complement relationship between the informal home care (IHC) and community-based FHC services, and the elasticity\u27s ranges from 0.18 to 0.22. These are reasonable results, which show that unobservable factors are positively related to IHC and community-based FHC, but negatively related to nursing home (NH) services based on our bivariate probit model. Regarding health-care outcome efficiency issue, the IHC is the best one among three types of elderly care: IHC, community-based FHC, and NH services. Health improvement/outcome of elderly with the IHC is heavier concentrated on IHC services than the elderly care services by community-based FHC and NH care services. Conclusion: Policy makers need to address a diversity of health outcomes and efficiency of services based on providing services to elderly through resource allocation to the different types of long-term care. A provision of partial or full compensation for elderly care at home is recommendable and a viable option to improve their quality of lives

Self-organising management of Grid environments

This paper presents basic concepts, architectural principles and algorithms for efficient resource and security management in cluster computing environments and the Grid. The work presented in this paper is funded by BTExacT and the EPSRC project SO-GRM (GR/S21939)

Responsive Algorithms for Defending Recon gurable Networks

We present algorithms to self-heal reconfigurable networks when they are under attack. These algorithms reconfigure the network during attack to protect two critical invariants. First, they insure that the network remains connected. Second, they insure that no node increases its degree by more than O(log n). We show both theoretically and empirically that our algorithms can successfully maintain these invariants even for large networks under massive attack by a computationally unbounded adversary

Probability Density Function of Longitudinal Velocity Increment in Homogeneous Turbulence

Two conditional averages for the longitudinal velocity increment u_r of the simulated turbulence are calculated: h(u_r) is the average of the increment of the longitudinal Laplacian velocity field with u_r fixed, while g(u_r) is the corresponding one of the square of the difference of the gradient of the velocity field. Based on the physical argument, we suggest the formulae for h and g, which are quite satisfactorily fitted to the 512^3 DNS data. The predicted PDF is characterized as (1) the Gaussian distribution for the small amplitudes, (2) the exponential distribution for the large ones, and (3) a prefactor before the exponential function for the intermediate ones.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, using RevTeX3.

Benign intermuscular lipoma in a bitch

A case of intermuscular lipoma located between the external abdominal oblique and internal abdominal oblique muscles in a fourteen- year -old dog is described. Presenting signs, radiographic findings, surgical treatments and the follow-up treatment are discussed

Spin and charge transport in U-shaped one-dimensional channels with spin-orbit couplings

A general form of the Hamiltonian for electrons confined to a curved one-dimensional (1D) channel with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) linear in momentum is rederived and is applied to a U-shaped channel. Discretizing the derived continuous 1D Hamiltonian to a tight-binding version, the Landauer-Keldysh formalism (LKF) for nonequilibrium transport can be applied. Spin transport through the U-channel based on the LKF is compared with previous quantum mechanical approaches. The role of a curvature-induced geometric potential which was previously neglected in the literature of the ring issue is also revisited. Transport regimes between nonadiabatic, corresponding to weak SOC or sharp turn, and adiabatic, corresponding to strong SOC or smooth turn, is discussed. Based on the LKF, interesting charge and spin transport properties are further revealed. For the charge transport, the interplay between the Rashba and the linear Dresselhaus (001) SOCs leads to an additional modulation to the local charge density in the half-ring part of the U-channel, which is shown to originate from the angle-dependent spin-orbit potential. For the spin transport, theoretically predicted eigenstates of the Rashba rings, Dresselhaus rings, and the persistent spin-helix state are numerically tested by the present quantum transport calculation.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure

On finite-horizon control of genetic regulatory networks with multiple hard-constraints

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) provide a convenient tool for studying genetic regulatory networks. There are three major approaches to develop intervention strategies: (1) resetting the state of the PBN to a desirable initial state and letting the network evolve from there, (2) changing the steady-state behavior of the genetic network by minimally altering the rule-based structure and (3) manipulating external control variables which alter the transition probabilities of the network and therefore desirably affects the dynamic evolution. Many literatures study various types of external control problems, with a common drawback of ignoring the number of times that external control(s) can be applied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This paper studies the intervention problem by manipulating multiple external controls in a finite time interval in a PBN. The maximum numbers of times that each control method can be applied are given. We treat the problem as an optimization problem with multi-constraints. Here we introduce an algorithm, the "Reserving Place Algorithm'', to find all optimal intervention strategies. Given a fixed number of times that a certain control method is applied, the algorithm can provide all the sub-optimal control policies. Theoretical analysis for the upper bound of the computational cost is also given. We also develop a heuristic algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm, to find the possible optimal intervention strategy for networks of large size. </p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Studying the finite-horizon control problem with multiple hard-constraints is meaningful. The problem proposed is NP-hard. The Reserving Place Algorithm can provide more than one optimal intervention strategies if there are. Moreover, the algorithm can find all the sub-optimal control strategies corresponding to the number of times that certain control method is conducted. To speed up the computational time, a heuristic algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm is proposed for genetic networks of large size.</p

Non-equilibrium surface diffusion in the O/W(110) system

In this Letter, we present results of an extensive Monte Carlo study of the O/W(110) system under non-equilibrium conditions. We study the mean square displacements and long wavelength density fluctuations of adatoms. From these quantities, we define effective and time-dependent values for the collective and tracer diffusion mobilities. These mobilities reduce to the usual diffusion constants when equilibrium is reached. We discuss our results in view of existing experimental measurements of effective diffusion barriers, and the difficulties associated with interpreting non-equilibrium data.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX and five PostScript figures; tarred, gzip'ed, and uuencoded. Uses elsart.sty and elsart12.sty which are included in the package. To appear in Surface Science Letter

The p110 delta structure: mechanisms for selectivity and potency of new PI(3)K inhibitors.

Deregulation of the phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) pathway has been implicated in numerous pathologies including cancer, diabetes, thrombosis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Recently, small-molecule and ATP-competitive PI(3)K inhibitors with a wide range of selectivities have entered clinical development. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the isoform selectivity of these inhibitors, we developed a new expression strategy that enabled us to determine to our knowledge the first crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of the class IA PI(3)K p110 delta. Structures of this enzyme in complex with a broad panel of isoform- and pan-selective class I PI(3)K inhibitors reveal that selectivity toward p110 delta can be achieved by exploiting its conformational flexibility and the sequence diversity of active site residues that do not contact ATP. We have used these observations to rationalize and synthesize highly selective inhibitors for p110 delta with greatly improved potencies