Az első magyar „doktori iskola” és munkásai Sárváron. Tények és talányok a magyar herbalizmus, etnobotanika és orvosi nyelv születésének korából

Milyen kapcsolatban van Sylvester János szellemisége azzal a sárvári és németújvári körrel, melyben az első magyar nyelvű Herbáriumok (természettudományi kézikönyvek), (etno)botanikai és orvosi monográfiák születtek? Indokolt-e ezt a szellemi közösséget úgy tekinteni, mint az első magyar „doktori iskolát”? Ezeket a kérdéseket járja körül jelen tanulmány

ERAWATCH country reports 2012: Hungary

This analytical country report is one of as eries of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the nation al resea rch and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further a nalyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were pro duced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC - IPTS)and Directorate Gener al for Research and Innovation with contributions from external expert

Spreading of families in cyclic predator-prey models

We study the spreading of families in two-dimensional multispecies predator-prey systems, in which species cyclically dominate each other. In each time step randomly chosen individuals invade one of the nearest sites of the square lattice eliminating their prey. Initially all individuals get a family-name which will be carried on by their descendants. Monte Carlo simulations show that the systems with several species (N=3,4,5) are asymptotically approaching the behavior of the voter model, i.e., the survival probability of families, the mean-size of families and the mean-square distance of descendants from their ancestor exhibit the same scaling behavior. The scaling behavior of the survival probability of families has a logarithmic correction. In case of the voter model this correction depends on the number of species, while cyclic predator-prey models behave like the voter model with infinite species. It is found that changing the rates of invasions does not change this asymptotic behavior. As an application a three-species system with a fourth species intruder is also discussed.Comment: to be published in PR

The emergence of genetics from Festetics’ sheep through Mendel’s peas to Bateson’s chickens

It is now common knowledge- but also a misbelief- that in 1905 William Bateson coined the term ` genetics' for the first time in his letter to Adam Sedgwick. This important term was already formulated 81 years ago in a paper written by a sheep- breeding noble called Imre ( Emmerich) Festetics, who still remains somewhat mysterious even today. The articles written by Festetics summarized the results of a series of lasting and elegant breeding experiments he had conducted on his own property. Selecting the best rams, Festetics had painstakingly crossed and backcrossed his sheep to reach betterwool quality. These experiments later turned out to reveal a better understanding of inheritance outlining genetics as a new branch of natural sciences.Peer reviewe