Animal-fungal interactions 2: First report of mycophagy by the Eastern European Hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1837 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)

Mycophagy (fungivory) performs numerous important ecosystem functions for fungi, plants, and animals. Fungi serve as food for diverse mammals, ranging from bears, Ursus spp., to shrews, Sorex spp. However, among the many mammals reported to eat fungi, hedgehogs and other insectivores have been poorly studied. Based on microscopic examination of a fecal sample collected from an Eastern European Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) near Ula-MuÄŸla, Turkey, we provide the first confirmed evidence of mycophagy by hedgehogs and review the literature on hedgehog mycophagy

Turkish truffles 2: eight new records from Anatolia

Eight truffle taxa are identified as new records for Turkey: two representing Ascomycota (Tuber ferrugineum, Tuber puberulum) and six representing Basidiomycota (Hymenogaster rehsteineri, Hysterangium calcareum, Leucophleps aculeatispora, Melanogaster macrosporus, Sclerogaster compactus, Sclerogaster hysterangioides). We also report new localities within Turkey for Tuber borchii and Melanogaster ambiguus

Contributions to the macrofungal diversity of Uşak Province

This study was conducted on the macrofungal specimens collected from Uşak in 2006-2009. In field and laboratory studies, 100 taxa belonging to 30 families and 2 classes were identified. Ten taxa belong to Ascomycetes and 90 to Basidiomycetes. Seven of them, i.e. Pseudoplectania sphagnophila (Pers.) Kreisel, Conocybe pulchella (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrček, Entoloma politoflavipes Noordel. & Liiv, Entoloma saundersii (Fr.) Sacc., Entoloma serrulatum (Fr.) Hesler, Hygrophorus nemoreus (Pers.) Fr., and Rugosomyces ionides (Bull.) Bon, are new records for Turkey

Genetic characterisation of indigenous tuber aestivum samples and phylogenetic analyses of their rDNA ITS regions

Trüf mantarları yüzyıllardan beri `Tanrıların yiyeceği' olarak bilinen ekonomik olarak çok değerli ve hoş kokusu ve lezzeti ile mutfaklarda baş tacı edilen toprağın 5-20 cm altında ektomikorizal olarak yetişen bir mantar türüdür. Tüm dünyada bu mantarlar üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmasına rağmen, ülkemizde ancak son yıllarda çalışmalar başlamıştır.Tuber aestivum trüf mantarları arasında değerli olan ve ülkemizde de doğal olarak bulunan bir türdür. Ancak Tuber aestivum üzerine yapılan çalışmalar diğer trüf türlerinde de olduğu gibi ülkemizde çok azdır ve ancak son yıllarda başlamıştır. Tüm dünyada ve Avrupada morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmaların hemen her ülkede yapıldığı Tuber aestivum için ülkemizde henüz hiç moleküler çalışma yayınlanmamıştır.Bu tezde Denizli'de yetişen Tuber aestivum örneklerinin ITS bölgelerinin dizi analizleri yapılarak, filogenetik çalışma yapılmış ve Avrupa'daki örneklerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu tezin sonuçlarının tüm Türkiye'de yapılacak Tuber aestivum ve diğer trüf türleri üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara temel olması beklenmektedir.Truffles known as `God?s Food? are economically valued and living underground as ectomycorrhizal life forms are important food in kitchens for centuries. Although there are many studies on these fungi all over the world, studies have just begun recently in Turkey.Tuber aestivum is one of the valued truffles and indigenous species in our country. However, studies on Tuber aestivum are not many and started, recently. Although, molecular and morphologic analyses performing in many countries in the world and Europe, there is no any molecular study on Tuber aestivum.In this thesis, indigenous Tuber aestivum samples in Denizli sequenced by ITS regions and compared with European samples by phylogenetic analyses. Results of this thesis are expected to be used for studies on Tuber aestivum and other truffles all over Turkey

Anatomical and morphological features of spore and mycelium Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer

Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer Strophariaceae familyasında yer alır ve ülkemizde doğal olarak yayılış gösterir. Örnekler Kırıkkale ve ilçelerinden toplandı. Anatomik çalışmalar spor ve miseller incelendi. Örneklerin arazideki morfolojik özellikleri ve petride geliştirilen misellerinin morfolojik yapıları incelendi. Bu amaçla bazidiyokarptan alınan parçalar patates dekstroz agar (PDA) besiyerinde doku kültürü yöntemi ile geliştirildi. Miseller karanlıkta, 25ºC'de inkübe edildi. Miseller inokulasyonun 11.günü kolonizasyonlarını tamamladı. Agrocybe vervacti sporları ve katı besiyerinde geliştirilen miselleri hem ışık hem de taramalı elektron (SEM) mikroskobu ile incelendi. Sporlar oval ve çimlenme poruna sahiptir. Miseller septalıdır.Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer is located in Strophariaceae family and naturally to our country. Samples were collected from the Kırıkkale and districts. The morphological characteristics in the field of examples were examined. The morphological characteristics of the mycelium developed in Petri dishes were examined. For this purpose, the parts were taken from basidiocarps and they were developed on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with the tissue culture method. Mycelium was incubated at dark and 25ºC. Mycelium was completed their colonization at 11th day of inoculation. Agrocybe vervacti spores and mycelium developed in agar media and they were examined with both light and scanning electron (SEM) microscope. Spores are oval and they have germination pore. Mycelium has septa

Tavas (Denizli) İlçesinin Makrofungusları

Macrofungi samples have been collected during the field trips carried out in Tavas (Denizli) between in 1999-2001. As a result of field and laboratory studies totally 45 taxa belong to 21 families were identified. 9 of these belong to Ascomycet.es and 36 to Basidiomycetes.1999-2001 yıllarında, Tavas İlçesinde (Denizli) yapılan arazi çalışmalarında makrofungus örnekleri toplanmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuar çalışmaları sonucu 21 familyaya ait 45 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Bunlardan 95u Ascomycetes ve 36’sı Bas idiomycetes sınıfına aittir

Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom from Turkey

Antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities of Ramaria flava (Schaeff) Quél. (RF) extracts obtained with ethanol were investigated in this study. Four complementary test systems; namely DPPH free radical scavenging, -carotene/linoleic acid systems, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid concentration have been used. Inhibition values of R. flava extracts, BHA and -tocopherol standards were found to be 94.7, 98.9 and 99.2%, respectively, at 160μg/ml. When compared the inhibition levels of ethanol extract of R. flava and standards in linoleic acid system, it was observed that the higher the concentration of both RF ethanol extract and the standards the higher the inhibition effect. Total flavonoid amount was 8.27±0.28 μg mg-1 quercetin equivalent while the total phenolic compound amount was 39.83±0.32 μg mg-1 pyrocatechol equivalent in the ethanolic extract. The ethanol extract of R. flava inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria better than Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The crude extract showed no antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Proteus vulgaris. The antimicrobial activity profile of R. flava against tested strains indicated that Micrococcus flavus, Micrococcus luteus and Yersinia enterocolitica was the most susceptible bacteria of all the test strains. R. flava was found to be inactive against Candida albicans

Ihlara Vadisinin Bazı Makrofungusları

Macrofungi samples have been collected during field trips carried out in the Ihlara Valley which is private protection region because of its historical and cultural features in 2000-2001 years. The region is very rich place as nature and historical features. There are many of churches and house curving in stones, also some fungi images in house and churches in the region. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 31 species belonging to 14 families were identified. Four of them belong to Ascomycetes and 27 belonging to Basidiomycetes. The distribution of 31 species into the families as fallows; Coprinaceae eight, Tricholomataceae five, Bolbitiaceae four, Agaricaceae two, Hymenochaetaceae two, Morchellaceae two, Helvellaceae one, Humariaceae one, Polyporacecie one, Sclerodermataceae one, Paxillaceae one, Strophariaceae one, Cortinariaceae one and Russulaceae one

Clitocybe odora (Bull.:Fr.)’nın bitki patojeni Fusarium culmorum ve Fusarium moniliforme’ye karşı antifungal etkileri

Bu çalışmada, Clitocybe odora aseptik şartlarda kurutuldu ve 12 saat süre ile çözgenler içinde bırakıldı. Ekstraktlar süzüldü ve evaporatör kullanarak 600C’de kurutuldu. Elde edilen kuru materyaller 40C’de muhafaza edildi. Antifungal aktiviteler Disk Difüzyon metodu ile ölçüldü. Bu metoda göre, F.culmorum ve F.moniliforme inokulumları patates dekstroz agar besiyeri üzerine yayıldı. Clitocybe odora ekstraktları 6 mm çapındaki disklerde 10 ?l olacak şekilde emdirildi. Tüm diskler besiyeri üzerine ayrı ayrı bırakıldı ve 280C’de 48 saat inkübe edildi. Kontrol için su ve sadece aseton ve kloroform içeren diskler kullanıldı. Çalışmada ticari antibiyotikler eritromisin ve amoksilin karşılaştırma için kullanıldı.In this study, Clitocybe odora were dried under aseptic conditions and put thru extraction for 12 h in solvents. The extracts were filtered and dried using a rotary evaporator at 60°C and finally dried material stored 4°C. Antifungal activities were measured by Disc Diffusion method. According to this method; Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium moniliforme inoculums containing were spread on potato dextrose agar. The Clitocybe odora extracts were used to 6 mm discs as 10 µl. All these discs placed on the inoculated agar separately and incubated at 28°C for 48 h. For control, water and only acetone and chloroform saturated discs were used. Also in this study erythromycin and amoxycillin that commercial antibiotics were used for comparison

Ihlara Vadisinin Bazı Makrofungusları

Macrofungi samples have been collected during field trips carried out in the Ihlara Valley which is private protection region because of its historical and cultural features in 2000-2001 years. The region is very rich place as nature and historical features. There are many of churches and house curving in stones, also some fungi images in house and churches in the region. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 31 species belonging to 14 families were identified. Four of them belong to Ascomycetes and 27 belonging to Basidiomycetes. The distribution of 31 species into the families as fallows; Coprinaceae eight, Tricholomataceae five, Bolbitiaceae four, Agaricaceae two, Hymenochaetaceae two, Morchellaceae two, Helvellaceae one, Humariaceae one, Polyporacecie one, Sclerodermataceae one, Paxillaceae one, Strophariaceae one, Cortinariaceae one and Russulaceae one