394 research outputs found
Diamond burs versus curettes in root planing: a randomized clinical trial
Aim:
This study compares diamond burs and curettes by clinical, microbiological, biochemical, scanning electron microscopic parameters and treatment time data in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis.
Methods:
Two quadrants of each of the 12 patients received root planing with diamond burs whereas other 2 quadrants were treated with curettes. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and then 1, 3, 6 months after completion of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Subgingival plaque, gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained at baseline and 1-month control. Twenty-one hopeless teeth received root planing with diamond burs or curettes or no treatment at all and then extracted for microscopic evaluations.
Results:
Clinical periodontal parameters improved similarly with both treatment modalities. Microbiological analyses revealed similar findings for the bacterial load (16S gene copy numbers), ratio of each bacterium to the total bacterial count at baseline, 1-month control. Cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid samples exhibited differences between the two treatments. Scanning electron microscopic analyses indicated that diamond burs were better in terms of calculus removal, loss of tooth substance indices, but roughness index values were better for curettes.
Conclusion:
As a conclusion, diamond burs provide findings comparable with curettes in root planing
Renal Transporter-Mediated Drug-Biomarker Interactions of the Endogenous Substrates Creatinine and N1 -Methylnicotinamide : A PBPK Modeling Approach
Endogenous biomarkers for transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) predictions represent a promising approach to facilitate and improve conventional DDI investigations in clinical studies. This approach requires high sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for the targets of interest (e.g., transport proteins), as well as rigorous characterization of their kinetics, which can be accomplished utilizing physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop PBPK models of the endogenous organic cation transporter (OCT)2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE)1 substrates creatinine and N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN). Additionally, this study aimed to predict kinetic changes of the biomarkers during administration of the OCT2 and MATE1 perpetrator drugs trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, and cimetidine. Whole-body PBPK models of creatinine and NMN were developed utilizing studies investigating creatinine or NMN exogenous administration and endogenous synthesis. The newly developed models accurately describe and predict observed plasma concentration-time profiles and urinary excretion of both biomarkers. Subsequently, models were coupled to the previously built and evaluated perpetrator models of trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, and cimetidine for interaction predictions. Increased creatinine plasma concentrations and decreased urinary excretion during the drug-biomarker interactions with trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, and cimetidine were well-described. An additional inhibition of NMN synthesis by trimethoprim and pyrimethamine was hypothesized, improving NMN plasma and urine interaction predictions. To summarize, whole-body PBPK models of creatinine and NMN were built and evaluated to better assess creatinine and NMN kinetics while uncovering knowledge gaps for future research. The models can support investigations of renal transporter-mediated DDIs during drug development
Transversity and Collins functions from SIDIS and e+e- data
A global analysis of the experimental data on azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), from the HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, and in e+e- --> h1 h2 X processes, from the BELLE Collaboration, is performed. It results in the extraction of the Collins fragmentation function and, for the first time, of the transversity distribution function for u and d quarks. These turn out to have opposite signs and to be sizably smaller than their positivity bounds. Predictions for the azimuthal asymmetry A_{UT}^{sin(phi_h + phi_S)}, as will soon be measured at JLab and COMPASS operating on a transversely polarized proton target, are then presented
Identification and Validation of Compounds Selectively Killing Resistant Cancer: Delineating Cell Line-Specific Effects from P-Glycoprotein-Induced Toxicity.
Despite significant progress, resistance to chemotherapy is still the main reason why cancer remains a deadly disease. An attractive strategy is to target the collateral sensitivity of otherwise multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. In this study, our aim was to catalog various compounds that were reported to elicit increased toxicity in P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-overexpressing MDR cells. We show that the activity of most of the serendipitously identified compounds reported to target MDR cells is in fact cell-line specific, and is not influenced significantly by the function of Pgp. In contrast, novel 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives that we identify in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) drug repository possess a robust Pgp-dependent toxic activity across diverse cell lines. Pgp expression associated with the resistance of the doxorubicin-resistant Brca1-/-;p53-/- spontaneous mouse mammary carcinoma cells could be eliminated by a single treatment with NSC57969, suggesting that MDR-selective compounds can effectively revert the MDR phenotype of cells expressing Pgp at clinically relevant levels. The discovery of new MDR-selective compounds shows the potential of this emerging technology and highlights the 8-hydroxyquinoline scaffold as a promising starting point for the development of compounds targeting the Achilles heel of drug-resistant cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 45-56. (c)2016 AACR
Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status, body weight gain, and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant
status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats
exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirtytwo
rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second
group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng kg
1 BW per day; the third
group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg kg
1 BW per day. The
fourth group (TCDD þ CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses
simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the
TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney,
and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in
all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of
heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain,
and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive
organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with
TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment.
In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity
induced by subchronic TCDD exposure
Antiperoxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of lycopene and ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis
The present study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects of lycopene (LC) and ellagic
acid (EA) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular and spermatozoal toxicity associated with the oxidative stress and
apoptosis in male rats. Forty-eight healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each.
The control group was treated with placebo; the LC, EA and CP groups were given LC (10 mg kg−1), EA (2 mg kg−1)
and CP (15 mg kg−1), respectively, alone; the CP+LC group was treated with a combination of CP (15 mg kg−1) and
LC (10 mg kg−1); and the CP+EA group was treated with a combination of CP (15 mg kg−1) and EA (2 mg kg−1). All
treatments were maintained for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, bodyweight and the weight of the reproductive
organs, sperm concentration and motility, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant enzyme activity and apoptosis
(i.e. Bax and Bcl-2 proteins) were determined. Administration of CP resulted in significant decreases in epididymal sperm
concentration and motility and significant increases in malondialdehyde levels. Although CP significantly increased the
number of Bax-positive (apoptotic) cells, it had no effect on the number of Bcl-2-positive (anti-apoptotic) cells compared
with the control group. However, combined treatment of rats with LC or EA in addition to CP prevented the development
of CP-induced lipid peroxidation and sperm and testicular damage. In conclusion, CP-induced lipid peroxidation leads to
structural and functional damage, as well as apoptosis, in spermatogenic cells of rats. Both LC and EA protect against the
development of these detrimental effects
Attenuating effect of lycopene and ellagic acid on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced spermiotoxicity and testicular apoptosis
This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic effects of lycopene (LC) and ellagic acid (EA) on 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced testicular and spermatozoal toxicity. These toxicological changes are
associated with the oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rats. Forty-eight male rats were allocated to one of six
groups of 8 rats each: control, LC, EA, TCDD, TCDD+LC, and TCDD+EA. The control group was treated with 0.5 mL/
rat slightly alkaline solution+0.5 mL/rat corn oil every other day. The LC group was treated with 0.5 mL/rat slightly
alkaline solution+0.5 mL/rat corn oil containing 10 mg/kg of LC every other day. The EA group received 0.5 mL/rat
corn oil+0.5 mL/rat slightly alkaline solution containing 2 mg/kg of EA every other day. The TCDD group received
0.5 mL/rat corn oil containing 100 ng/kg/day of TCDD+0.5 mL/rat slightly alkaline solution. The TCDD+LC group was
treated with 0.5 mL/rat TCDD+0.5 mL/rat LC. The TCDD+EA group was treated with 0.5 mL/rat TCDD+0.5 mL/rat EA.
All treatments were made by gavage, and the experimental period was maintained during 8 weeks. Sperm motility,
concentration, and abnormal sperm rate in epididymal tissue, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant
enzyme activity, histopathological changes, and apoptosis (i.e., Bax and Bcl-2 proteins) were determined. TCDD
exposure resulted in significant decreases in sperm motility, concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase activity,
germinal cell-layer thickness, Johnsen’s testicular score, and significant increases in abnormal sperm rate, testicular
malondialdehyde, glutathione levels, Bax-positive staining, and Bax-positive apoptotic cell score, along with some
testicular histopathological lesions. TCDD treatment did not affect significantly catalase activity. However, combined
treatment with LC or EA, in addition to TCDD, prevented the development of TCDD-induced damages in sperm
quality, testicular histology, and LPO. Improvements in testicular apoptosis after the administration of LC and EA to
TCDD-treated rats were minimal, but not statistically significant. TCDD-induced lipid peroxidation leads to functional
and structural damages, as well as apoptosis, in spermatogenic cells of rats. Both LC and EA protected against the
development of these effect
Treatment of Bladder Stones in Adults and Children : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Behalf of the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guideline Panel
Peer reviewedPostprin
Geo-Biological Investigations on Azooxanthellate Cold-Water Coral Reefs on the Carbonate Mounds Along the Celtic Continental Slope
Northeast Atlantic 2004 Cruise No. 61, Leg 1 April 19 to May 4, 2004, Lisbon – Cor
The effect of bovine serum albumin and fetal calf serum on sperm quality, DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation of the liquid stored rabbit semen
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal calf
serum (FCS) on sperm quality, DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation of liquid stored rabbit semen
stored up to 72 h at 5 C. Ejaculates were collected from five New Zealand male rabbits by artificial vagina
and pooled at 37 C following evaluation. Each pooled ejaculate was split into three equal experimental
groups and diluted to a final concentration of approximately 40 106 sperm/ml (single step dilution),
in an Eppendorf tube, with the Tris based extender containing BSA (5 mg/ml), FCS (10%) or no additive
(control) at 37 C, cooled to 5 C and stored for up to 72 h. The extender supplemented with BSA and
FCS did not improve the percentages of motility and acrosomal abnormality during 48 h compared to
the control. The additives BSA and FCS had a significant effect in the maintaining of plasma membrane
integrity between 48 and 72 h storage period, compared to the control (P < 0.01). The supplementation
of BSA and FCS had a protective effect on motility (P < 0.05), plasma membrane integrity (P < 0.01) and
acrosomal integrity (P < 0.01) at 72 h compared to the control. The supplementations with BSA and FCS
led to a reduction in DNA damage of rabbit sperm at 48 and 72 h during storage period, compared to
the control (P < 0.001). Although supplementation of BSA and FCS caused significant (P < 0.01) decreases
in malondialdehyde (MDA) level at 48 h and 72 h, they significantly (P < 0.01) increased the glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant activity up to 72 h when compared to the control group. In conclusion,
BSA and FCS supplementation to liquid stored rabbit semen provide a protection for spermatozoa against
cool storage-induced DNA damage and plasma membrane integrity by their antioxidative properties
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