The Körmend growth study 1968 and 2008: Somatotypes of the boys

The Körmend Growth Study, a series of cross-sectional anthropological surveys, repeated in every 10 years since 1958, was among the firsts to demonstrate the existence of secular trends in the growth and the maturation of children. In this paper the authors give an overview on the physique of the Körmend boys based on the Körmend Growth Study. Somatotype (physique; defined according to the Heath–Carter anthropometric method) of 6–18-year-old boys, measured in 1968 (K-68) and 2008 (K-008), was analyzed and compared. Significant age-dependent changes in somatotypes were found in both study periods. Secular changes in the somatotype of boys were also observed in this West-Hungarian town

Analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) of 3 to 18-year-old boys in 6 cohorts

Growth and maturation of children is a dynamic and complex biological process, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Children’s growth pattern can change from time to time, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the state of children’s somatic development repeatedly. According to a widely accepted and scientifically proven theory, children’s growth and maturation status is a sensible indicator of the nutritional and health conditions of the general population. Thus, information about growth and development of children and youth mirrors the biological status and/or welfare of a population. The „Körmend Growth Study”, a chain of repeated cross-sectional growth studies performed on children in the town of Körmend (Hungary) was one of the first realizations of this principle. Anthropological investigations have been performed in Körmend in every 10 years since 1958 in a systematic way. The data are prepared from groups of 1563 to 2867 boys in Körmend, between 1958 and 2008 at 10-year intervals. Body Mass Index (BMI) was introduced into the human biology practice for the statistical evaluation of nutritional status according to the suggestions of Keys and coworkers. Comparing distinct ten-year intervals from 1958 to 2008, a characteristic tendency of BMI can be observed in boys

Boys' BMI from early preschool to late adolescence: evaluation of six decades' data

Growth and maturation of children is a dynamic and complex biological process, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Children’s growth pattern can change from time to time, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the state of children’s somatic development repeatedly. According to a widely accepted and scientifically proven theory, the children’s growth and maturation status is a sensible indicator of the nutritional and health conditions of the general population. Thus, the information about the growth and the development of children and youth mirrors the biological status and/or welfare of a population. The “Körmend Growth Study”, a chain of repeated cross-sectional growth studies performed on children in the town of Körmend (Hungary) was one of the first realizations of this principle. Anthropological investigations have been performed in Körmend in every 10 years since 1958 in a systematic way. The data are prepared from groups of 1,563 to 2,867 boys in Körmend, between 1958 and 2008 at 10-year intervals. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was introduced into the human biology practice for the statistical evaluation of the nutritional status according to the suggestions of Keys and coworkers. Comparing distinct ten-year intervals from 1958 to 2008, a characteristic tendency of the BMI can be observed in boys

Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis of Silene stenophylla Seeds Excavated from Pleistocene-Age (Kolyma)

We studied the morphology of ancient seeds of the Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) excavated from feeding chambers of ancient ground squirrels (Geomys, subgenus Urocitellus) burrows buried in the Late Pleistocene Age permafrost deposits of Kolyma lowland (Siberia). The ancient seeds were compared to seeds of extant species of S. alba, S. chlorantha, S. nutans and S. stenophylla plants presently growing in the same and neighboring regions. Using Light (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the ancient seeds were identified to be of Silene stenophylla (Ledeb.)

CalcDeltaB: An efficient postprocessing tool to calculate ground‐level magnetic perturbations from global magnetosphere simulations

Ground magnetic field variations can induce electric currents on long conductor systems such as high‐voltage power transmission systems. The extra electric currents can interfere with normal operation of these conductor systems; and thus, there is a great need for better specification and prediction of the field perturbations. In this publication we present CalcDeltaB, an efficient postprocessing tool to calculate magnetic perturbations Δ B at any position on the ground from snapshots of the current systems that are being produced by first‐principle models of the global magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. This tool was developed during the recent “d B /d t ” modeling challenge at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center that compared magnetic perturbations and their derivative with observational results. The calculation tool is separate from each of the magnetosphere models and ensures that the Δ B computation method is uniformly applied, and that validation studies using Δ B compare the performance of the models rather than the combination of each model and a built‐in Δ B computation tool that may exist. Using the tool, magnetic perturbations on the ground are calculated from currents in the magnetosphere, from field‐aligned currents between magnetosphere and ionosphere, and the Hall and Pedersen currents in the ionosphere. The results of the new postprocessing tool are compared with Δ B calculations within the Space Weather Modeling Framework model and are in excellent agreement. We find that a radial resolution of 1/30 R E is fine enough to represent the contribution to Δ B from the region of field‐aligned currents. Key Points Developed tool to compute magnetic perturbations on the ground Too validated using existing SWMF implementation Model validation independent from Delta‐B calculation within each modelPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/1/Contributions_E4_highlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/2/AuxiliaryMaterial_README_v2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/3/Contributions_E1_highlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/4/Contributions_E2_highlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/5/Contributions_E3_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/6/Contributions_E2_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/7/Contributions_E1_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/8/Contributions_E3_highlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/9/Contributions_E5_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/10/Contributions_E4_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/11/Contributions_E6_midlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/12/swe20180.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/13/Contributions_E6_highlat.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109314/14/Contributions_E5_highlat.pd

Two small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from Penicillium chrysogenum: A comparative study of PAF and PAFB

The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 secretes the antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) PAF and PAFB, which share a compact disulfide-bond mediated, β-fold structure rendering them highly stable. These two AMPs effectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi in micromolar concentrations and exhibit antiviral potential without causing cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal mechanism of action of both AMPs is closely linked to - but not solely dependent on - the lipid composition of the fungal cell membrane and requires a strictly regulated protein uptake into the cell, indicating that PAF and PAFB are not canonical membrane active proteins. Variations in their antifungal spectrum and their killing dynamics point towards a divergent mode of action related to their physicochemical properties and surface charge distribution. In this review, we relate characteristic features of PAF and PAFB to the current knowledge about other AMPs of different sources. In addition, we present original data that have never been published before to substantiate our assumptions and provide evidences that help to explain and understand better the mechanistic function of PAF and PAFB. Finally, we underline the promising potential of PAF and PAFB as future antifungal therapeutics

Grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds from Antiquity and the Middle Ages Excavated in Hungary - LM and SEM analysis

Grape (Vitis vinifera) seed remains were excavated at Roman and Medieval archeological sites in Hungary and analyzed by LM (Light Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Excavation sites included Budapest (Aquincum; 2nd - 4th CENT. A.D. Hungary) and Keszthely (Fenékpuszta) of the Roman Age (5th CENT. A.D., Hungary); and Gyır (Ece; 11-12th CENT. A.D., Hungary), Debrecen (13th CENT. A.D., Hungary) and the King’s Palace of Árpád Dinasty at the Castle of Buda, Budapest (15th CENT. A.D., Hungary) of the Middle Ages. Ancient seeds were compared to thirty current grape varieties of similar seed size, shape, and morphology (Szabó et al. 2007´). The modern grape variety Vitis vinifera cv. ‘kék bakator’ (syn.:‘Blue Bocca d’Oro’; ‘aranybogyó’) was found most similar in seed morphology to one of the ancient samples (15th CENT. Debrecen, Hungary) which indicates the antiquity of this cultivar