Késő-antik és kora-bizánci történetírók = Historians of Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium

The main results of the research: a.) the Hungarian translation of De magistratibus of John Lydus. The length of the translation 222 771n., commentary 55897n, appendices 12 172 n. containing organizational charts, lexica etc.) b.) the Hungarian translation of De mensibus of John Lydus. The length of the translation 258 314n., commentary 52 510n, appendices 11 265n. (charts of the Roman calendar, data of Lydus’ sources) c.) An introduction to the text (115 210n.), discussing the life and literary activity of John Lydus, his social background and education, the problematic of the genre of the De magistratibus, the policy of Lydus, and his unusual religious views. | A kutatás főbb eredményei a következők: a.) Elkészült Ióannés Lydos De magistratibusának fordítása. A fordítás terjedelme 222 771n., kommentárok 55897n, függelékek (szervezeti ábrák, lexica stb.) 12 172 n. b.) Elkészült a De mensibus fordítása. A fordítás terjedelme 258 314n., kommentárok 52 510n, függelékek (a római naptár rendszere, Lydos forrásai stb.) 11 265n, c.)A fordításokhoz előszó készült 115 210n terjedelemben, mely körbejárja a Lydos műveire vonatkozó fontosabb kérdéseket: a szerző élete és irodalmi tevékenysége, szociális háttere és műveltsége, a De magistratibus műfaji problémái, Lydos politikai és vallási nézetei

Latina Humor in the Works of Sandra Cisneros

Abstract: The paper discusses three works written by Sandra Cisneros, namely Woman Hollering Creek, The House on Mango Street and Caramelo, from the point of view of women’s humor. With the help of these works, it is argued that Cisneros uses Latina humor in order to highlight intersectional problems concerning her identity and to reveal important facts and features about/of Latino/a existence. The point is made that Cisneros uses comedy and humor to redeem the pain and suffering through laughter instead of utilizing the tragic mode of artistic expression, hence she is able to secure survival and solutions to problems instead of a tragic wallowing in negativity (which interpretive way could also have validity concerning the occurrences which are narrated).      Keywords: Latina humor, Sandra Cisneros, Woman Hollering Creek, The House on Mango Street, Caramel

Delphi – Shamanism under control?

The assessment of the talent of the Delphic Pythia was ambiguous among Greeks. On the one hand, they emphasized the role of Apollo in the process, saying that becoming a Pythia requires no special ability or education. On the other hand, they admitted that the Pythia infl uences the poetic quality of the oracle. Despite the modern popular view, the Delphic oracles did not require a secondary phrasing by male priests. Pythias presented the oracles in their final form, but in verse or in prose, depending on the poetic talent of the seer. In my paper, I present arguments that the Greeks deliberately underestimated the Pythia’s own eff orts in order to hinder the formation of a spiritual (shamanistic) power which could have been able to overcome secular political power. The enigmatic character of the oracles served the same goal: to maintain the political independence of the Greek states. However, there are traces showing that divination originally had a close connection to poetic inspiration and that both had a slight shamanistic character. I highlight two motives: the existence of poetic as well as divinatory initiation and the role of honey, a food allegedly inducing trance

Phosphorus levels in croplands of the European Union with implications for P fertilizer use

tIn the frame of the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey sampling of topsoil was carried out on around22,000 points in 25 EU Member States in 2009 and in additional 2 Member States in 2012. Besidesother basic soil properties soil phosphorus (P) content of the samples were also measured in a singlelaboratory in both years. Based on the results of the LUCAS topsoil survey we performed an assessmentof plant available P status of European croplands. Higher P levels can be observed in regions where highercrop yields can be expected and where high fertilizer P inputs are reported. Plant available phosphoruslevels were determined using two selected fertilizer recommendation systems: one from Hungary andone from the United Kingdom. The fertilizer recommendation system of the UK does not recommendadditional fertilizer use on croplands with highest P supply, which covers regions mostly in Belgiumand the Netherlands. According to a Hungarian advisory system there is a need for fertilizer P input inall regions of the EU. We established a P fertilizer need map based on integrating results from the twosystems. Based on data from 2009 and 2012, P input demand of croplands in the European Union wasestimated to 3, 849, 873 tons(P2O5)/year. Meanwhile we found disparities of calculated input need andreported fertilizer statistics both on local (country) scale and EU level. The first ever uniform topsoilP survey of the EU highlights the contradictions between soil P management of different countries ofthe Union and the inconsistencies between reported P fertilizer consumption and advised P doses. Ouranalysis shows a status of a baseline period of the years 2009 and 2012, while a repeated LUCAS topsoilsurvey can be a useful tool to monitor future changes of nutrient levels, including P in soils of the EU