Nem tudatos bűnelkövetések, vagy mégis?

Tudják-e a fiatalok, hogy hány éves kortól büntethető Magyarországon a bűnelkövető? Ismerik-e az internet adta látszatszabadság jogszabályba ütköző korlátait? Tudják-e, mi a megrontás, vagy mit jelent a bűnsegéd fogalma? Tudják-e, mit kell tenni akkor, amikor találnak valamit? Megtartsák-e, vagy sem? Tisztában vannak-e azzal, hogy a nagyáruházak mindegyike be van kamerázva és hogy figyelőszolgálat működik bennük? Hallottak-e a pártfogó felügyelőről? – A Csongrád megyében dolgozó pártfogó felügyelő szerzők ilyen és ezekhez hasonló kérdéseket tettek fel 2007 nyarán a Szegedi Ifjúsági Napokon 219 fiatalnak. – A jogismeretüket, jogtudatosságukat mértük önkitöltő kérdőívünkkel. A vizsgálat csak részben igazolta azt a feltételezést, amely szerint egyes bűncselekményekről nem tudják a válaszadók, hogy normaszegés

Book Reviews

Studi linguistici in onore di Roberto Gusmani. 3 vols. A cura di Raffaella Bombi, Guido Cifoletti, Fabiana Fusco, Lucia Innocente, Vincenzo Orioles. XLVI, VIII, VIII, 1866 pp. Alessandria, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2006. Gábor Tolcsvai Nagy: A cognitive theory of style (Metalinguistica 17). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. pp 162. Eugeniusz Cyran: Complexity scales and licensing in phonology (Studies in Generative Grammar 105). De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin & New York, 2010. xii + 311 pp. Donald W. Peckham: Noticing and instruction in second language acquisition: A study of Hungarian learners of English. Papers in English & American Studies XVI. Monograph Series 6. JATEPress, Szegedi Egyetemi Kiadó, Szeged, 2009. 155 pp. Shigeru Miyagawa: Why agree? Why move? Unifying agreement-based and discourse configurational languages. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 54. The MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2010. xiii + 183 pp

A rekreáció térnyerése a huszonévesek körében, a COVID-19 alatti korlátozások és turizmusregresszió idején = Recreation gaining ground among those in their twenties during the COVID-19 restrictions and tourism regression

A 2019-ben megjelent koronavírus-világjárvány számos drasztikus gazdasági és társadalmi változást idézet elő. A turizmus válságot szenvedett, a korlátozások pedig az emberek mindennapjaira hatottak ki. A többség napi szabadideje megnövekedett, míg annak minőségi eltöltési lehetőségei redukálódtak, ezzel több mentális és fizikai problémát előidézve. A kutatás központ kérdésköre a rekreáció népszerűsödése a COVID-19 korlátozásai idején, az önállóan vagy családdal töltött szabadidőnk megnövekedése okán, továbbá a lakosság alapvető kapcsolata a rekreációval, és új rekreációs tevékenységekben való elmélyedésének tendenciája. A témakör kutatásában egy online kérdőív és két rekreációs szakemberrel folytatott interjú játszik közre. Az eredményekből kiderül, hogy a rekreáció kihasználtsága és pandémia alatt terjedése az iskolázottakra jellemzőbb, míg a lakosság zöme kevésbé érintet a témában. A rekreáció nagyobb körben való népszerűsítése komplex feladat és egyre szükségesebb. = The coronavirus pandemic in 2019 has brought about a number of drastc economic and social changes. Tourism has been suffering a crisis and restrictons have afected people’s everyday lives. The daily free tme of the majority has increased, while the opportunites to spend it qualitatvely have been reduced, causing several mental and physical issues. The central topic of this research is the progression of recreaton due to the increase of most people’s free tme spent alone or with family caused by the restrictons during COVID-19, along with the populaton’s fundamental relatonship with recreaton and their current tendency of delving into new recreatonal actvites. The research consists of an online questonnaire and two interviews with recreaton professionals. The results show that the exploitaton of recreaton and its extension during the pandemic is a more common phenomenon among the educated, while the majority of the populaton is less afected by the topic. Promotng recreaton on a larger scale is a complex task and of increasing necessity

Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma is associated with high expression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2)

Background: Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a polycomb group (PcG) family protein. Acting as a histone methyltransferase it plays crucial roles in maintaining epigenetic stem cell signature, while its deregulation leads to tumor development. EZH2 overexpression is commonly associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumor types including carcinomas, lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas. However, although the synovial sarcoma fusion proteins SYT-SSX1/2/4 are known to interact with PcG members, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of EZH2 expression in synovial sarcoma has not yet been investigated. Also, literature data are equivocal on the correlation between EZH2 expression and the abundance of trimethylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) motifs in tumors. Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of EZH2, H3K27me3, and Ki-67 were performed on tissue microarrays containing cores from 6 poorly differentiated, 39 monophasic and 10 biphasic synovial sarcomas, and evaluated by pre-established scoring criteria. Results of the three immunostainings were compared, and differences were sought between the histological subtypes as well as patient groups defined by gender, age, tumor location, the presence of distant metastasis, and the type of fusion gene. The relationship between EZH2 expression and survival was plotted on a Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: High expression of EZH2 mRNA and protein was specifically detected in the poorly differentiated subtype. EZH2 scores were found to correlate with those of Ki-67 and H3K27me3. Cases with high EZH2 score were characterized by larger tumor size (≥5cm), distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Even in the monophasic and biphasic subtypes, higher expression of EZH2 was associated with higher proliferation rate, larger tumor size, and the risk of developing distant metastasis. In these histological groups, EZH2 was superior to Ki-67 in predicting metastatic disease. Conclusions: High expression of EZH2 helps to distinguish poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma from the monophasic and biphasic subtypes, and it is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome. Importantly, high EZH2 expression is predictive of developing distant metastasis even in the better-differentiated subtypes. EZH2 overexpression in synovial sarcoma is correlated with high H3K27 trimethylation. Thus, along with other epigenetic regulators, EZH2 may be a future therapeutic target

A CEP215-HSET complex links centrosomes with spindle poles and drives centrosome clustering in cancer.

Numerical centrosome aberrations underlie certain developmental abnormalities and may promote cancer. A cell maintains normal centrosome numbers by coupling centrosome duplication with segregation, which is achieved through sustained association of each centrosome with a mitotic spindle pole. Although the microcephaly- and primordial dwarfism-linked centrosomal protein CEP215 has been implicated in this process, the molecular mechanism responsible remains unclear. Here, using proteomic profiling, we identify the minus end-directed microtubule motor protein HSET as a direct binding partner of CEP215. Targeted deletion of the HSET-binding domain of CEP215 in vertebrate cells causes centrosome detachment and results in HSET depletion at centrosomes, a phenotype also observed in CEP215-deficient patient-derived cells. Moreover, in cancer cells with centrosome amplification, the CEP215-HSET complex promotes the clustering of extra centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar spindles, thereby ensuring viable cell division. Therefore, stabilization of the centrosome-spindle pole interface by the CEP215-HSET complex could promote survival of cancer cells containing supernumerary centrosomes.S.C. is supported by UK Medical Research Council (MC_U105185859). This work was made possible by funding from Cancer Research UK (C14303/A17197). We acknowledge the support of the University of Cambridge and Hutchison Whampoa Ltd.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Nature Publishing Group via https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1100

Lack of Matrilin-2 Favors Liver Tumor Development via Erk1/2 and GSK-3 beta Pathways In Vivo

Matrilin-2 (Matn2) is a multidomain adaptor protein which plays a role in the assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM). It is produced by oval cells during stem cell-driven liver regeneration. In our study, the impact of Matn2 on hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in Matn2(-/-) mice comparing them with wild-type (WT) mice in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN) model. The liver tissue was analyzed macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically, at protein level by Proteome Profiler Arrays and Western blot analysis. Matn2(-/-) mice exhibited higher susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis compared to wild-type mice. In the liver of Matn2(-/-) mice, spontaneous microscopic tumor foci were detected without DEN treatment. After 15 mu g/g body weight DEN treatment, the liver of Matn2(-/-) mice contained macroscopic tumors of both larger number and size than the WT liver. In contrast with the WT liver, spontaneous phosphorylation of EGFR, Erk1/2 GSK-3 alpha/beta and retinoblastoma protein (p-Rb), decrease in p21/CIP1 level, and increase in beta-Catenin protein expression were detected in Matn2(-/-) livers. Focal Ki-67 positivity of these samples provided additional support to our presumption that the lack of Matn2 drives the liver into a pro-proliferatory state, making it prone to tumor development. This enhanced proliferative capacity was further increased in the tumor nodules of DEN-treated Matn2(-/-) livers. Our study suggests that Matn2 functions as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis, and in this process activation of EGFR together with that of Erk1/2, as well as inactivation of GSK-3 beta, play strategic roles