The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years

Pierwsze w Polsce stanowisko Chalciporus rubinus (Boletales, Basidiomycota)

Chalciporus rubinus (W.G. Sm.) Singer, described in 1868 from England, was found in a city park in Wrocław. This is the first record of the species from Poland. Macro- and micromorphological characters of the Polish specimens are described and illustrated. The delimitation of Ch. rubinus, the knowledge of its distribution, ecology and conservation status is summarised.Autorzy prezentują pierwsze w P P olsce stanowisko maślaczka rubinowego – Chalciporus rubinus. Owocniki tego gatunku, rosnące na ziemi, w sąsiedztwie różnych drzew liściastych (głównie dębów), zostały znalezione po raz pierwszy dnia 12 lipca 2007 roku w P P arku Szczytnickim we Wrocławiu. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę oraz zilustrowano najważniejsze cechy budowy makroskopowej i mikroskopowej znalezionych owocników, a także przybliżono taksonomię, ekologię i europejskie rozmieszczenie odnotowanego gatunku

Imagine This: Visualising a Recent Meal as Bigger Reduces Subsequent Snack Intake, 2022

It has previously been shown that recalling a recent meal reduces subsequent intake of palatable snacks (i.e. the meal-recall effect). The present experiment investigated whether additional mental visualisation tasks involving the recent meal memory would further suppress intake. Participants (N=151) first ate lunch at the laboratory, and then returned three hours later to perform the imagination tasks and to participate in a taste test (during which intake was covertly measured). Participants in the two main imagination task groups recalled the lunch meal and then either recalled the consumption episode in great detail or imagined the meal was larger and more filling than in reality. The results showed that imagining a recent meal as larger than in reality significantly reduced the quantity of biscuits eaten. However, contrary to the hypotheses, recalling a recent meal and then recalling the consumption episode in detail did not affect snack intake. It was also shown that imagining a recent meal as larger than in reality did not lead participants to overestimate the true size of the meal. In fact, all participants underestimated their lunch portion size, and those who imagined their meal as larger underestimated it the most. The results of this study suggest that the meal-recall effect can be an effective strategy to reduce food intake, and may be amenable to strategic manipulation to enhance efficacy, but that it is prone to disruption from contextual factors.It has previously been shown that recalling a recent meal reduces subsequent intake of palatable snacks (i.e. the meal-recall effect). The present experiment investigated whether additional mental visualisation tasks involving the recent meal memory would further suppress intake. Participants (N=151) first ate lunch at the laboratory, and then returned three hours later to perform the imagination tasks and to participate in a taste test (during which intake was covertly measured). Participants in the two main imagination task groups recalled the lunch meal and then either recalled the consumption episode in great detail or imagined the meal was larger and more filling than in reality. The results showed that imagining a recent meal as larger than in reality significantly reduced the quantity of biscuits eaten. However, contrary to the hypotheses, recalling a recent meal and then recalling the consumption episode in detail did not affect snack intake. It was also shown that imagining a recent meal as larger than in reality did not lead participants to overestimate the true size of the meal. In fact, all participants underestimated their lunch portion size, and those who imagined their meal as larger underestimated it the most. The results of this study suggest that the meal-recall effect can be an effective strategy to reduce food intake, and may be amenable to strategic manipulation to enhance efficacy, but that it is prone to disruption from contextual factors.</p

The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

The growth and saponin accumulation were measured in two lines of transgenic hairy roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, Pl 6 and Pl 17, cultured for 8 weeks in 250-ml shake flasks containing 50 ml of hormone-free woody plant medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose and in the Pl 17 line cultured for 12 weeks in a 5-l mist bioreactor containing 1.5 l of the same medium. With both methods, the growth of transgenic hairy roots was assessed as both fresh and dry weight and the biomass growth was correlated with the conductivity and sucrose uptake. The accumulation of saponins was measured and compared with that in roots derived from the field cultivation. The saponin concentrations were significantly higher in the two hairy root lines cultured in shake flasks [6.92 g/100 g d.w. (g%) and 5.82 g% in Pl 6 and Pl 17, respectively] and the line cultured in the bioreactor (5.93 g%) than in the roots derived from the field cultivation (4.02 g%). The results suggest that cultures of P. grandiflorum hairy roots may be a valuable source for obtaining saponins