23 research outputs found
Universal distribution of magnetic anisotropy of impurities in ordered and disordered nano-grains
We examine the distribution of the magnetic anisotropy (MA) experienced by a
magnetic impurity embedded in a metallic nano-grain. As an example of a generic
magnetic impurity with partially filled -shell, we study the case of
impurities imbedded into ordered and disordered Au nano-grains, described in
terms of a realistic band structure. Confinement of the electrons induces a
magnetic anisotropy that is large, and can be characterized by 5 real
parameters, coupling to the quadrupolar moments of the spin. In ordered
(spherical) nano-grains, these parameters exhibit symmetrical structures and
reflect the symmetry of the underlying lattice, while for disordered grains
they are randomly distributed and, - for stronger disorder, - their
distribution is found to be characterized by random matrix theory. As a result,
the probability of having small magnetic anisotropies is suppressed below
a characteristic scale , which we predict to scale with the number of
atoms as . This gives rise to anomalies in the
specific heat and the susceptibility at temperatures and
produces distinct structures in the magnetic excitation spectrum of the
clusters, that should be possible to detect experimentally
Friedel oscillations induced surface magnetic anisotropy
We present detailed numerical studies of the magnetic anisotropy energy of a
magnetic impurity near the surface of metallic hosts (Au and Cu), that we
describe in terms of a realistic tight-binding surface Green's function
technique. We study the case when spin-orbit coupling originates from the
d-band of the host material and we also investigate the case of a strong local
spin-orbit coupling on the impurity itself. The splitting of the impurity's
spin-states is calculated to leading order in the exchange interaction between
the impurity and the host atoms using a diagrammatic Green's function
technique. The magnetic anisotropy constant is an oscillating function of the
separation d from the surface: it asymptotically decays as 1/d2 and its
oscillation period is determined by the extremal vectors of the host's Fermi
Surface. Our results clearly show that the host-induced magnetic anisotropy
energy is by several orders of magnitude smaller than the anisotropy induced by
the local mechanism, which provides sufficiently large anisotropy values to
explain the size dependence of the Kondo resistance observed experimentally.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PR
Theory of anisotropic Rashba splitting of surface states
We investigate the surface Rashba effect for a surface of reduced in-plane
symmetry. Formulating a k.p perturbation theory, we show that the Rashba
splitting is anisotropic, in agreement with symmetry-based considerations. We
show that the anisotropic Rashba splitting is due to the admixture of bulk
states of different symmetry to the surface state, and it cannot be explained
within the standard theoretical picture supposing just a normal-to-surface
variation of the crystal potential. Performing relativistic ab initio
calculations we find a remarkably large Rashba anisotropy for an
unreconstructed Au(110) surface that is in the experimentally accessible range.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Microscopic origin of Heisenberg and non-Heisenberg exchange interactions in ferromagnetic bcc Fe
By means of first principles calculations we investigate the nature of
exchange coupling in ferromagnetic bcc Fe on a microscopic level. Analyzing the
basic electronic structure reveals a drastic difference between the
orbitals of and symmetries. The latter ones define the shape of
the Fermi surface, while the former ones form weakly-interacting impurity
levels. We demonstrate that, as a result of this, in Fe the orbitals
participate in exchange interactions, which are only weakly dependent on the
configuration of the spin moments and thus can be classified as
Heisenberg-like. These couplings are shown to be driven by Fermi surface
nesting. In contrast, for the states the Heisenberg picture breaks down,
since the corresponding contribution to the exchange interactions is shown to
strongly depend on the reference state they are extracted from. Our analysis of
the nearest-neighbour coupling indicates that the interactions among
states are mainly proportional to the corresponding hopping integral and thus
can be attributed to be of double-exchange origin.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Exchange interaction between magnetic adatoms on surfaces of noble metals
We present first-principles calculations of the exchange interactions between magnetic impurities deposited on (001), (110), and (111) surfaces of Cu and Au and analyze them, in particular, in the asymptotic regime. For the (110) and the (111) surfaces, we demonstrate that the interaction shows an oscillatory behavior as a function of the distance, R, of the impurities and that the amplitude of the oscillations decays as 1/R(2). Furthermore, the frequency of the oscillations is closely related to the length of the Fermi vector of the surface states existing on these surfaces. Due to the asymmetry of the surface-states dispersion, the frequency of the oscillations becomes also asymmetric on the (110) surfaces, while on the Au(111) surface two distinct frequencies are found in the oscillations as a consequence of the Bychkov-Rashba splitting of the surface states. Remarkably, no long-range oscillations of the exchange interaction are observed for the (001) surfaces where the surface states are unoccupied. When burying the impurities beneath the surface layer, oscillations mediated by the bulk states become visible
Higher-order contributions to the Rashba-Bychkov effect with application to Bi/Ag(111) surface alloy
In order to explain the anisotropic Rashba-Bychkov effect observed in several
metallic surface-state systems, we use k.p perturbation theory with a simple
group-theoretical analysis and construct effective Rashba Hamiltonians for
different point groups up to third order in the wavenumber. We perform
relativistic ab initio calculations for the Bi/Ag(111) ordered surface alloy
and from the calculated splitting of the band dispersion we find evidence of
the predicted third-order terms. Furthermore, we derive expressions for the
corresponding third-order Rashba parameters to provide a simple explanation to
the qualitative difference concerning the Rashba-Bychkov splitting of the
surface states at Au(111) and Bi/Ag(111).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
The Bethe-Slater curve revisited; new insights from electronic structure theory (vol 7, 4058, 2017)
Theory of noncollinear interactions beyond Heisenberg exchange: Applications to bcc Fe
We show for a simple noncollinear configuration of the atomistic spins (in particular, where one spin is rotated by a finite angle in a ferromagnetic background) that the pairwise energy variation computed in terms of multiple-scattering formalism cannot be fully mapped onto a bilinear Heisenberg spin model even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. The non-Heisenberg terms induced by the spin-polarized host appear in leading orders in the expansion of the infinitesimal angle variations. However, an
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symmetry analysis based on the orbital decomposition of the exchange parameters in bcc Fe leads to the conclusion that the nearest-neighbor exchange parameters related to the
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orbitals are essentially Heisenberg-like: they do not depend on the spin configuration, and can, in this case, be mapped onto a Heisenberg spin model even in extreme noncollinear cases.Supports from the Swedish Research Council
(VR), the KAW foundation (grants 2012.0031 and
2013.0020) and eSSENCE are acknowledged.The computations
were performed on resources provided by the
Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC).
A. Bergman acknowledges support from CEA-Enhanced
Eurotalents, co-funded by FP7 Marie Sk lodowska-Curie
COFUND Programme (Grant Agreement n 600382). P.
F. Bessarab acknowledges support from the Icelandic Research
Fund (Grant No. 163048-052) and the mega-grant
of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian
Federation (grant no. 14.Y26.31.0015). R. Cardias, D. C.
M. Rodrigues, and A. B. Klautau acknowledge financial
support from CAPES and CNPq, Brazil.Peer Reviewe