Adsorption Potential Theory for Description of n-Butane Adsorption on Activated Carbon

Potential theory of adsorption was used for description of adsorption isotherms of n-butane on microporous active carbon. It was shown that characteristic curve of adsorption can be treated as specific form of thermal equation of adsorption giving the possibility to calculate and predict both equilibrium and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption in wide range of temperature and relative pressure. The results can be used for the design of adsorption systems and for predicting adsorption equilibrium behavior of binary and/or multicomponent gaseous mixtures on active carbon under wide range of conditions, without time consuming and expensive experimental determination

Comparison of anaerobic efficiency rating in football players groups of age range 12 – 14 and 17 – 18 years based on Wingate test

Introduction One of the features shaped in football training along with aerobic fitness is anaerobic capacity. Speed is closely related to the genotype, developmental age and especially to the level of training. Aim The aim was to compare the rate of anaerobic effciency in grups of football players of age range 12-14 and 17-18 based on Wingate test. Material and methods: We compared 36 football players 12-14 years old and 28 football players 17-18 years old. Grups of respondents rated: time and power level to obtain the maximum duration of maximum power and the rate of decline in power. During the tests, the height and weight of the athletes were measured and the BMI was calculated. Results and conclusions: Maximum power level and the rate of decrease in power in the treated grups showed no significant differences. Arithmetic average time to obtain and maintain maximum power are statistically significant. The level of training of players has a significant impact on the formation of anaerobic capacity. The 12-14-year-old footballers, on the basis of better sport preparation, obtained a comparable, high level of maximum power and a shorter time of achieving it in comparison with the results of 17-18-year-old players. In football players aged 17-18, a longer time of maintaining the maximum power was noted, which indicates a higher non-lactic anaerobic capacity in this group compared to the group of younger players. Lack of significant differences in the power drop index compared to the tested groups indicates similar possibilities related to the glycolytic capacity. For all somatic parameters tested, the players from the 17-18 age category are characterized by significantly higher values of the mean parameters tested

CO2 sorption and regeneration properties of fly ash zeolites synthesized with the use of differentiated methods

Production of fly ash zeolites may be an attractive method for the utilization of solid wastes from the energy sector. Different methods of synthesis often yield a variety of zeolite types, thereby affecting the properties of the resulting materials. The attention paid to carbon dioxide emission reduction technologies fully justifies the study of the sorption behaviours of fly ash zeolites synthesized by different methods. This work investigates the sorption properties of fly ash zeolites synthesized with different methods using CO2. Sorption capacity and adsorption isotherms were determined following the volumetric method and textural parameters were resolved according to the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) method. The CO2 sorption capacity was in the range 0.24–4.16¿mmol/g. The relationships between structure and sorption behaviour were studied for each synthesis method. Some strong similarities between commercial zeolites and fly ash zeolites were found. The mechanism for sorption was proved to be physisorption which is fully reversible under selected conditions. The observed trends were used to identify the best sorbent.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Chemical and hydrophobic modification of activated WD-extra carbon

In this paper commercially available activated WD-extra carbon (Gryfskand) which is applied for water treatment was used. Activted carbon was modified by the following chemical agents: H2O2, HNO3 and HCl. The textural characteristics of the samples were determined by the analysis of physical adsorption isotherms of nitrogen vapor at 77 K. The Boehm titration general procedure was used to determine the distribution of the surface functional groups. Chemical modifications significantly affect the chemical, structural and surface properties of activated carbons. Hydrophobization with ethereal stearic acid was performed on the raw material and samples after chemical modification. Hydrophobic properties of the samples were specified. The relationship of the chemical modification agents with hydrophobization degree was indicated

Modification of activated carbons for application in adsorption cooling systems

In this paper commercially available activated WD-extra carbon (Gryfskand) which is applied for water treatment was used. Activated carbon was modified by the following chemical agents: H2O2, HNO3 and HCl. Chemical modifications significantly affect the chemical, structural and surface properties of activated carbons. Hydrophobization with ethereal stearic acid was performed on the raw material and samples after chemical modification. Hydrophobic properties of the samples were specified. The relationship of the chemical modification agents with hydrophobization degree was indicated. The thermal effects of wetting by methanol was measured. The heat of wetting was calculated. The purpose of the work was to modify the WD carbon properties to obtain an adsorbent for cooling systems characterized by both good thermal capacity and moisture resistance. The modifying chemical substances applied accounted for an increase in the concentration of the acid functional groups. The hydrophobized and HCl-modified WD(HCl) carbon has the best hydrophobized properties. The results of studies describing such modifications allow to conclude that the use of hydrophobic materials may lead to the production of sorbents with new functions facilitating their storage and use

Chemical and hydrophobic modification of activated WD-extra carbon

In this paper commercially available activated WD-extra carbon (Gryfskand) which is applied for water treatment was used. Activted carbon was modified by the following chemical agents: H2O2, HNO3 and HCl. The textural characteristics of the samples were determined by the analysis of physical adsorption isotherms of nitrogen vapor at 77 K. The Boehm titration general procedure was used to determine the distribution of the surface functional groups. Chemical modifications significantly affect the chemical, structural and surface properties of activated carbons. Hydrophobization with ethereal stearic acid was performed on the raw material and samples after chemical modification. Hydrophobic properties of the samples were specified. The relationship of the chemical modification agents with hydrophobization degree was indicated

Analysis of gas-phase mercury sorption with coke and lignite dust

In recent years the problem of mercury emission became a widely discussed topic. Its high impact is caused by its toxicity and ability to accumulate in living organisms, properties that justified the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to classify mercury as hazardous pollutant. The problem of mercury emission is crucial for countries like Poland, where the most of the emission is caused by coaldepended energy sector. Current technology of mercury removal utilizes adsorption of mercury on the surface of activated carbon. Due to high price of activated carbon, this technological approach seems to be uneconomical and calls for cheaper alternative. One possible solution can be usage of other sorptive materials obtained from thermal processes like coke production. Example of such material is coke dust obtained from dry quenching of coke. The aim of this work was to analyse the sorption potential of lignite and coke dust and determine parameters influencing mercury behaviour during combustion

Analysis of gas-phase mercury sorption with coke and lignite dust

In recent years the problem of mercury emission became a widely discussed topic. Its high impact is caused by its toxicity and ability to accumulate in living organisms, properties that justified the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to classify mercury as hazardous pollutant. The problem of mercury emission is crucial for countries like Poland, where the most of the emission is caused by coaldepended energy sector. Current technology of mercury removal utilizes adsorption of mercury on the surface of activated carbon. Due to high price of activated carbon, this technological approach seems to be uneconomical and calls for cheaper alternative. One possible solution can be usage of other sorptive materials obtained from thermal processes like coke production. Example of such material is coke dust obtained from dry quenching of coke. The aim of this work was to analyse the sorption potential of lignite and coke dust and determine parameters influencing mercury behaviour during combustion