Ovarian ectopic pregnancy

A twenty-eight-year-old female patient during the second pregnancy, about 6 hbd (according to the date of the lastmenstrual period) from the spontaneous cycle, was directed to the local hospital because of suspected ectopic pregnancywith the location of the fallopian tube on the left side. She had no symptoms and vital parameters were in normal range.It was revealed that three years ago ectopic pregnancy of the right uterine tubule ended with right fallopian tube removal

Water intoxication in the course of stimulation of labor with oxytocin

The antidiuretic attribute of oxytocin can cause many side effects. Water intoxication is one of the most serious complications. The authors describe a case of water intoxication with neurological symptoms and severe hyponatraemia in the course of natural labor stimulated by oxytocin in a low-dose regimen

Advances in the healing of flexor tendon injuries

The intrasynovial flexor tendons of the hand are critical for normal hand function. Injury to these tendons can result in absent finger flexion, and a subsequent loss of overall hand function. The surgical techniques used to repair these tendons have improved in the past few decades, as have the postoperative rehabilitation protocols. In spite of these advances, intrasynovial flexor tendon repairs continue to be plagued by postoperative scar formation, which limits tendon gliding and prevents a full functional recovery. This paper describes the current challenges of flexor tendon repair, and evaluates the most recent advances and strategies for achieving an excellent functional outcome.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106844/1/wrr12161.pd

O dwóch koncepcjach prawa naturalnego polskich filozofów prawa okresu międzywojennego

ON THE TWO CONCEPTS OF NATURAL LAWOF POLISH PHILOSOPHERS OF LAW IN THE INTERWAR PERIODThe first part of the article describes classification methods of the natural law concept in Polish philosophical and legal literature carried out based on the historical and systemic criteria. The first method allows analysing the ius naturale idea in its various cultural conditions at various stages of development of doctrines that the issue considers. The second method presents the phenomenon of natural law in the context of a comprehensive philosophical system. The Polish philosophical and legal thought has developed three systemic approaches to natural law: neo-Thomism in the style of the Lublin school of philosophy, psychologism by Leon Petrażycki and neo-Kantianism in the person of Maria Szyszkowska.The second part of the article is an attempt to investigate two types of opposing natural law concepts: epistemological in the style of an antipositivist, creator of legal politics and legal psychologism, L. Petrażycki and ontological presented by a neo-Thomist — Czesław Martyniak. Petrażycki’s natural law concept, which is a component of the psychological theory of law, was modified based on its three core elements: aspects of intuitive law, justice and legal politics. The importance of Petrażycki as the author of the term “revival of natural law” and creator of the theory of natural law of variable content was emphasised.The presentation of natural law views by C. Martyniak, that is the theory of natural laws of immutable content, is the author’s interpretation of natural law by St. Thomas of Aquinas made in the spirit of the Thomistic school of philosophy of law. Martyniak, apart from translating the Aquinas’ treatise on law contained in the Theological Summa, conducted a critical analysis of the definition, content and properties of natural law, which on a large scale appeared only in the post-conciliar current. He was the only representative of the philosophy of law in the interwar period who went in for it in the context of Thomas’ science and the first scholar who gave regular lectures on the philosophy of law at the Catholic University of Lublin.ON THE TWO CONCEPTS OF NATURAL LAWOF POLISH PHILOSOPHERS OF LAW IN THE INTERWAR PERIODThe first part of the article describes classification methods of the natural law concept in Polish philosophical and legal literature carried out based on the historical and systemic criteria. The first method allows analysing the ius naturale idea in its various cultural conditions at various stages of development of doctrines that the issue considers. The second method presents the phenomenon of natural law in the context of a comprehensive philosophical system. The Polish philosophical and legal thought has developed three systemic approaches to natural law: neo-Thomism in the style of the Lublin school of philosophy, psychologism by Leon Petrażycki and neo-Kantianism in the person of Maria Szyszkowska.The second part of the article is an attempt to investigate two types of opposing natural law concepts: epistemological in the style of an antipositivist, creator of legal politics and legal psychologism, L. Petrażycki and ontological presented by a neo-Thomist — Czesław Martyniak. Petrażycki’s natural law concept, which is a component of the psychological theory of law, was modified based on its three core elements: aspects of intuitive law, justice and legal politics. The importance of Petrażycki as the author of the term “revival of natural law” and creator of the theory of natural law of variable content was emphasised.The presentation of natural law views by C. Martyniak, that is the theory of natural laws of immutable content, is the author’s interpretation of natural law by St. Thomas of Aquinas made in the spirit of the Thomistic school of philosophy of law. Martyniak, apart from translating the Aquinas’ treatise on law contained in the Theological Summa, conducted a critical analysis of the definition, content and properties of natural law, which on a large scale appeared only in the post-conciliar current. He was the only representative of the philosophy of law in the interwar period who went in for it in the context of Thomas’ science and the first scholar who gave regular lectures on the philosophy of law at the Catholic University of Lublin

Minirefleksje nad maksikwestiami, czyli o aksjologicznych aspektach praworządności

MINI REFLECTIONS ON MAXI ISSUES — ABOUT AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE LAW AND ORDERThe first part of the draft aims at presenting the law and order as a philosophical construct with regard to dichotomous divisions. The scope of the discourse has been reduced to two planes, also referred to as problems. The first, understanding the designations of opposition of such terms as eunomy — isonomy. The second, selective presentation of the opposing types of the law and order in the key of conceptual correlation: the law and order — legality, the subjective law and order — the objective law and order, the formal law and order — the material law and order.The second part of the study is an attempt to understand the law and order in the optics of the axiological and legal binomial. Analogically to the first part of the publication, the methodological symmetry was maintained. The analyzes were made in two cognitive areas. The first is the definition of the material law and order understood in an inclusive way, including the attributes of the law and order. The second one is an attempt to select the principles-values from which the epicurean therapeutical tetrapharmacon should be composed in relation to the law and order. MINI REFLECTIONS ON MAXI ISSUES — ABOUT AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE LAW AND ORDERThe first part of the draft aims at presenting the law and order as a philosophical construct with regard to dichotomous divisions. The scope of the discourse has been reduced to two planes, also referred to as problems. The first, understanding the designations of opposition of such terms as eunomy — isonomy. The second, selective presentation of the opposing types of the law and order in the key of conceptual correlation: the law and order — legality, the subjective law and order — the objective law and order, the formal law and order — the material law and order.The second part of the study is an attempt to understand the law and order in the optics of the axiological and legal binomial. Analogically to the first part of the publication, the methodological symmetry was maintained. The analyzes were made in two cognitive areas. The first is the definition of the material law and order understood in an inclusive way, including the attributes of the law and order. The second one is an attempt to select the principles-values from which the epicurean therapeutical tetrapharmacon should be composed in relation to the law and order

W nauce nie ma pożegnań – pamięci Profesora Jana Bocia (Aleksandra Szadok-Bratuń)

W nauce nie ma pożegnań – pamięci Profesora Jana Bocia (Aleksandra Szadok-Bratuń

Fullerowski paradygmat (nie)dobrego prawa i jego aktualność „hic et nunc”

The subject of the article is Fuller’s concept of the (not) good law paradigm defined by three notions: “internal morality of law,” “natural law of a formal nature,” and “formal rule of law” — in the perspective of its application in the current legal order of the Republic of Poland. The discourse was conducted in two stages: on a general, theoretical, and axiological levels as well as on a detailed, practical, and praxeological ones. The epistemological level with its retrospective view bears resemblance of two models: bad law and good law. The first, encapsulated in literary legal fiction, describes eight cases (anti-values) of King Rex’s legislative failures. King Rex is monarch with authoritarian and conservative traits who excludes the system of government based on the proportional cohabitation of three powers — legislative, executive, and judicative — in favour of anocracy, which is a hybrid regime “suspended” between democracy and authoritarianism. The second is a remedy in the form of axiological contours, postulates (values) of good law: generality, promulgation, prospectivity, clarity, non-contradiction, reality, stability, and compliance. These principles of the formal rule of law, contained in the concept of “soft” jusnaturalism, are a specific professional and ethical code for the public authority which constitutes, executes, and applies the law. The practical-cognitive level refers to subjectively selected examples of abusing the good lawstandard in the Polish legal and administrative order. It shows the omnipotent and simultaneously dysfunctional executive power in the area of governance and administration, aimed at a radical reconstruction of the social and legal system.The subject of the article is Fuller’s concept of the (not) good law paradigm defined by three notions: “internal morality of law,” “natural law of a formal nature,” and “formal rule of law” — in the perspective of its application in the current legal order of the Republic of Poland. The discourse was conducted in two stages: on a general, theoretical, and axiological levels as well as on a detailed, practical, and praxeological ones. The epistemological level with its retrospective view bears resemblance of two models: bad law and good law. The first, encapsulated in literary legal fiction, describes eight cases (anti-values) of King Rex’s legislative failures. King Rex is monarch with authoritarian and conservative traits who excludes the system of government based on the proportional cohabitation of three powers — legislative, executive, and judicative — in favour of anocracy, which is a hybrid regime “suspended” between democracy and authoritarianism. The second is a remedy in the form of axiological contours, postulates (values) of good law: generality, promulgation, prospectivity, clarity, non-contradiction, reality, stability, and compliance. These principles of the formal rule of law, contained in the concept of “soft” jusnaturalism, are a specific professional and ethical code for the public authority which constitutes, executes, and applies the law. The practical-cognitive level refers to subjectively selected examples of abusing the good lawstandard in the Polish legal and administrative order. It shows the omnipotent and simultaneously dysfunctional executive power in the area of governance and administration, aimed at a radical reconstruction of the social and legal system

Changes in the civil marriage institution in a canonic form

The presented draft is focused on the analysis of importance of changes made by the law on marital status acts in the range of regulations that are applicable to the so-called concordat marriages. Modifications that are related to digitalization of marital status act provide two-dimensional benefits. On the one hand, the marital status administration works more efficiently by carrying out public tasks defined by the normative procedure of making a civil marriage in a canonical form. On the other hand, computerization facilitates the process of handling prospective spouses. The administrative and legal changes made by the new act do not meet the standards of good legislation, both in terms of content and editorial-technical aspects. The greatest controversy is aroused by imprecise control on the meeting of two legal systems: state and canonic. Instead of ensuring effective cooperation of marital status administration with Church administration for the good of a marriage, the legislator has created space for doubts of interpretation and diverse practices in parish and marital status offices. Canonic and legal changes refer to a list of clerical position that carry out public tasks at the stage of marriage. The reconstruction of the canonic nomenclature should be adopted with approval, especially the clarification of the concept of a local diocesan, and the separation of two directories of church positions being assigned properly to clergymen authorized to receive declarations of marriage and make certificates that constitute the basis of their registration