116 research outputs found
Status of employment among youth living in Derecske district
A disszertáció a fiatalok munkaerő-piaci helyzetének és lehetőségeinek a felmérésével foglalkozott – a regionális dimenzió keretrendszerében. A vizsgálat során a Derecske járás területén élő fiatalok munkaerő-piaci jellemzőit vizsgáltuk, ezen belül is öt települést kiragadva: Derecske, Hosszúpályi, Sáránd, Konyár és Tépe településeket.
A disszertáciĂł cĂ©lja annak vizsgálata volt, hogy a Derecske járás terĂĽletĂ©n Ă©lĹ‘, 16-35 Ă©v közötti fiatal korcsoportba tartozĂłk esetĂ©ben milyen munkaerĹ‘-piaci lehetĹ‘sĂ©geket Ă©s munkahelyi perspektĂvákat kĂnál a tĂ©rsĂ©g. A tĂ©rsĂ©gen belĂĽl fellelhetĹ‘-e a vizsgálat alapján a centrum-perifĂ©ria viszonyrendszer, vagyis Derecske mint központ kiemelkedik-e, Ă©s ha igen milyen dimenziĂłk mentĂ©n kĂ©pes pozitĂvabb helyzetet teremteni a fiatalok számára. Az iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©g fontossága Ă©s ezen belĂĽl a tĂ©rsĂ©g fiataljainak iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©ge Ă©s annak elemzĂ©se – kĂĽlön kiemelve a diplomával rendelkezĹ‘ket – is rĂ©szĂ©t kĂ©pezte a dolgozat fĹ‘bb elemzĂ©sĂ©nek. A prekariátus fogalom Ă©s a mögötte lĂ©vĹ‘ jelensĂ©g ismerete Magyarországon is egyre elterjedtebb, melynek a helyi vonatkozásĂş vizsgálatára is vállalkozott a disszertáciĂł. Emellett munkaerĹ‘-piaci klasztercsoportokat alakĂtottunk ki a dolgozĂł fiatalok körĂ©ben, mellyel a fiatalok foglalkoztatásának mĂ©lyebb jellegzetessĂ©geit igyekeztĂĽnk bemutatni.
A fentebb emlĂtett kĂ©rdĂ©skörök Ă©s felvetĂ©sek Ă©rtelmezĂ©sĂ©hez áttekintettĂĽk a centrum-perifĂ©ria fogalompár szakirodalmi hátterĂ©t, ezen belĂĽl is a kistĂ©rsĂ©gi lehatárolások lehetĹ‘sĂ©geit. A prekariátus fogalmának jelentĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s az ifjĂşsággal törtĂ©nĹ‘ összekapcsolásának lehetĹ‘sĂ©gei is bemutatásra kerĂĽltek, mely alapján elmondhatĂł, hogy a prekariátus igen nagy rĂ©szĂ©t maguk a fiatalok teszik ki, a változások aránytalanul nagyobb mĂ©rtĂ©kben sĂşjtják a fiatal korosztályt. A hazai ifjĂşsági foglalkoztatottság Ă©s munkanĂ©lkĂĽlisĂ©g elemzĂ©sĂ©nek elengedhetetlen rĂ©sze a tĂ©ma nemzetközi kontextusba törtĂ©nĹ‘ elhelyezĂ©se. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy a hazai fiatalok helyzete elmarad a nemzetközi, ezen belĂĽl is az uniĂłs átlagtĂłl minden fiatalokat Ă©rintĹ‘ korcsoporton belĂĽl. A hazai foglalkoztatottsági Ă©s munkanĂ©lkĂĽlisĂ©gi mutatĂłkat is megvizsgáltuk, melyek alapján elmondhatĂł, hogy a rendszerváltás utáni Ă©vtizedben a fiatalokat sĂşjtotta a legnagyobb mĂ©rtĂ©kben a munkanĂ©lkĂĽlisĂ©g, amely az ezredfordulĂłn javulĂł tendenciát mutatott, azonban a gazdasági válság bekövetkezĂ©se után ismĂ©t markáns emelkedĂ©s jelentkezett körĂĽkben. A „tudás”, ezen belĂĽl is az iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©g szerepĂ©nek fontosságára is felhĂvtuk a figyelmet, mely szerint minĂ©l magasabb a fiatalok iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©ge, annál nagyobb valĂłszĂnűsĂ©ggel tudnak elhelyezkedni sikeresen a munkaerĹ‘piacon. Az iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©g mellett a kompetenciák meglĂ©te is egyre nagyobb szerephez jut, vagyis olyan kĂ©szsĂ©gek Ă©s kĂ©pessĂ©gek megszerzĂ©sĂ©re van szĂĽksĂ©g, melyek a munkaerĹ‘piacon elengedhetetlennek minĹ‘sĂĽlnek a jĂł teljesĂtmĂ©nyhez Ă©s a sikeres elhelyezkedĂ©shez. A diplomás fiatalok helyzetĂ©vel Ă©s pozitĂvabb elhelyezkedĂ©si mutatĂłival kĂĽlön fejezetben is foglalkoztunk.
A szakirodalmi háttĂ©r elemzĂ©sĂ©n tĂşl áttekintettĂĽk Derecske járás terĂĽleti jellemzĹ‘it, fĹ‘bb gazdasági Ă©s társadalmi változásait. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy a járás – illetve 2013. január 1. elĹ‘tt kistĂ©rsĂ©g – országos viszonylatokban a fejletlenebb rĂ©giĂłk közĂ© sorolhatĂł, vagyis a centrum-perifĂ©ria viszonyrendszerben egyĂ©rtelműen a peremhelyzetben helyezkedik el. Gazdasági Ă©s társadalmi vonatkozásban is a perifĂ©ria terĂĽletek jellemzĹ‘i Ă©rvĂ©nyesĂĽlnek.
Saját kutatásunk során a fiatal lakosság munkaerĹ‘-piaci helyzetĂ©re vonatkozĂł vĂ©lemĂ©nyĂ©nek elemzĂ©sĂ©re vállalkoztunk. Az empirikus vizsgálat alkalmával elemeztĂĽk a rĂ©sztvevĹ‘k általános szocio-demográfiai jellemzĹ‘it, iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©gĂĽket. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy a magasabban kvalifikált fiatalok munkaerĹ‘-piaci helyzete sokkal pozitĂvabb kĂ©pet mutat, mind objektĂv, mind szubjektĂv mutatĂłk mentĂ©n. Derecske központi szerepe kimagaslĂł az itt Ă©lĹ‘ fiatalok munkaerĹ‘-piaci lehetĹ‘sĂ©geinek megĂtĂ©lĂ©se kapcsán, valamint az iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©g tekintetĂ©ben is messze felĂĽlmĂşlja a kisebb telepĂĽlĂ©sek adatait. Azonban azt is megállapĂtottuk, hogy a fiatalok szemĂ©lyes, Ă©letĂĽket befolyásolĂł szubjektĂv tĂ©nyezĹ‘k mentĂ©n már nem Ă©rzĂ©kelhetĹ‘ a centrum hatás.
A prekariátus fogalomköre a határozott munkaszerződések mentén szintén kimutathatónak bizonyultak.
A dolgozĂł fiatalok klasztercsoportjainak kialakĂtása során nĂ©gy egymástĂłl jĂłl elkĂĽlönĂthetĹ‘ tĂpust kaptunk, melyek elemzĂ©se Ă©s Ă©rtelmezĂ©se nagyban hozzásegĂt bennĂĽnket a járás terĂĽletĂ©n kĂnálkozĂł munkaerĹ‘-piaci kĂnálat Ă©s lehetĹ‘sĂ©gek feltĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©sĂ©ben.
Ă–sszessĂ©gĂ©ben tehát elmondhatĂł, hogy a dolgozat elemzĂ©se során szĂ©leskörű kĂ©pet kaptunk az itt Ă©lĹ‘ fiatalok munkaerĹ‘-piaci helyzetĂ©rĹ‘l Ă©s szubjektĂv megĂtĂ©lĂ©sĂ©rĹ‘l. MegállapĂthatĂł, hogy a legjobb helyzetben a DerecskĂ©n Ă©lĹ‘ Ă©s magasan kvalifikált, a munkaerĹ‘piac által leginkább elvárt kompetenciákkal bĂrĂł fiatalok vannak, mĂg a legveszĂ©lyeztetettebb helyzetű fiatalok az alacsony iskolai vĂ©gzettsĂ©ggel bĂrĂł kistelepĂĽlĂ©seken Ă©lĹ‘k.The focus of the dissertation was the assessment of the labour market conditions and possibilities of youth in the framework of the regional dimension. During our research, we assessed the labour market characteristics of youth living in the Derecske district, concentrating on five municipalities within this area: Derecske, HosszĂşpályi, Sáránd, Konyár and TĂ©pe.
The aim of the dissertation was to examine what employment opportunities and occupational prospects does the region offer to youth belonging to the age group 16-35 who live in the Derecske district. Can the core-periphery relationship be found within this area according to our research, and does the centre, Derecske stand out? If so, along what dimensions is it able to create a more positive environment for youth? The analysis of the importance of the level of education, including the level of education of youth in the region– with a special emphasis on those owning a college or university degree – also formed a part of the main analysis of the dissertation. The notion of the precariat and being familiar with the phenomenon behind it is more and more widespread in Hungary as well, therefore the dissertation also undertook to examine its local relevance. Furthermore, we have created labour market cluster groups with regards to youth workers, with which we aimed at introducing the deeper characteristics of youth employment.
For the interpretation of the abovementioned questions and propositions, we reviewed the relevant literature of the core-periphery conceptual pair, with special focus on the possibilities of how subregions can be determined. We presented the meaning of the concept of the precariat and the possibility of connecting it with youth, based on which it can be stated that youth themselves account for a large part of the precariat, and changes affect the younger generations to a disproportionately greater extent. For the analysis of national youth employment and unemployment, it is indispensible to place the issue in an international context. We have found that the situation of national youth is below the international and the European Union average as well, in all age groups related to youth. We examined the national employment and unemployment rates as well, according to which we can state that in the decade after the regime change, unemployment took a toll on youth primarily, but showed an improving tendency at the turn of the millenium. However, after the economic crisis, it showed a significant increase again. We drew attention to the important role „knowledge”, and as a part of knowledge, the level of education plays, according to which the higher the level of education of youth, the more likely they are to successfully find employment on the labour market. Besides the level of education, the role of competencies is also increasing, ergo it is necessary to aquire skills and capabilities that are considered essential on the labour market for good performance and for successful employment. We dealt with the situation of young graduates and the more positive employment rates that apply to them in a separate chapter as well.
Beyond analyzing the relevant literature we reviewed the regional attributes and the main economic and social changes relating to Derecske district. We found that the district – referred to as a subregion before 1 January 2013 – can be classified as a less developed area in national comparison, therefore in the core-periphery structure, it clearly belongs to the peripheral position. The characteristics of the periphery apply in an economic and social respect as well. In terms of level of education of those living in the subregion (educational expansion), the ratio of people who have graduated from high school and college improved, however, these ratios are slightly below the corresponding rates in the county.
During the course of our research, we undertook to analyze the opinion of the young population of their respective labour market conditions. During the empirical research, we analyzed the general socio-demographic characteristics and the level of education of the participants. We found that the labour market conditions of youth possessing higher qualifications paint a much more positive picture, along both the objective and the subjective indicators. The central role of Derecske is outstanding with regards to how the youth judge their employment possibilities, furthermore, in respect of the level of education, it by far surpasses the data relating to smaller municipalities. However, we also found that on the subjective factors affecting the personal lives of youth, the central influence had no noticeable effect.
The conceptual sphere of the precariat could also be detected along fixed-term employment contracts.
When creating the cluster groups of young workers, we found four, clearly distinguishable categories, the analysis and interpretation of which contributes greatly to the exploration of the labour market supply and possibilities offered in the district.
Overall, it can be concluded that we gained extensive knowledge of the labour market conditions and the subjective assessment of youth living here. We can state that the highly qualified youth living in Derecske that possess the skills most attractive for the labour market are in the best position, while the youth most at risk are those with low qualifications living in small municipalities.d
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