Cord Blood Derived CD4+CD25high T Cells Become Functional Regulatory T Cells upon Antigen Encounter

Background: Upon antigen exposure, cord blood derived T cells respond to ubiquitous environmental antigens by high proliferation. To date it remains unclear whether these “excessive” responses relate to different regulatory properties of the putative T regulatory cell (Treg) compartment or even expansion of the Treg compartment itself

Fc-Epsilon-RI, the High Affinity IgE-Receptor, Is Robustly Expressed in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Modulated by Mucosal Inflammation

Background: The role of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, in IgE-mediated immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is poorly understood. Currently, a detailed characterization of FcεRI expression throughout the human gut is lacking. The aim of this study was to define the expression pattern of FcεRI in the GI tract. Methods/Principal Findings: We compared FcεRI expression in children with gastritis/esophagitis (n = 10), celiac disease (n = 10), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 9), and normal mucosa (n = 5). The α–subunit of FcεRI (FcεRIα), detected by immunohistochemistry, was found on cells infiltrating the mucosa of the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum, but was rarely detected in more distal sections of the GI tract. Accordingly, quantitative RT-PCR analysis on esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum biopsies revealed that FcεRIα and -β expression levels decreased towards the distal intestine. mRNA transcripts of the common Fc-receptor-γ chain were present in the entire GI mucosa. Double-immunofluorescence staining of esophageal specimens confirmed that FcεRIα was expressed on intraepithelial mast cells and Langerhans cells. The mRNA expression levels of the α, β, and γ subunits of FcεRI did not correlate with total serum IgE but were associated with mucosal inflammation. Conclusion/Significance: Our data define the upper GI tract as the main site for IgE-mediated immune activation via FcεRI. Tissue mRNA levels of FcεRIα are regulated by inflammatory conditions rather than serum IgE, indicating that FcεRI might also play a role in pathologies other than allergy

Novel heterozygous STUB1 gene mutation causes SCA48 in a Hungarian patient

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 48 (SCA48) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease characterized by gait and limb ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria, cognitive impairment, psychiatric abnormalities and variable types of movement disorders. To date, more than 30 STUB1 gene (NM_005861.4) mutations have been described in the genetic background of SCA48.The aim of this short report was to demonstrate the first Hungarian SCA48 patient caused by a novel STUB1 missense mutation (c.788G>C, p.Arg263Pro). The characteristics of detailed neurological phenotype, brain MRI and genetic assessment are presented and compared to previously published cases. The most important neurological findings of the patient were gait ataxia, dysarthria, cognitive decline and psychiatric problems including depression, anxiety and mild impulsivity. The brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy with posterolateral predominance and frontal lobe cortical atrophy. Clinical exome sequencing examination identified the above-mentioned missense variant located in the significant ubiquitinase domain of the CHIP protein.In this paper the first Hungarian SCA48 patient was described with characteristic neuropsychiatric signs and brain MRI abnormalities, due to a novel STUB1 gene missense mutation

Szabályos és rendhagyó ragozású szavak pszicholingvisztikai vizsgálata

Jelen kutatás fő célja a szabályos és rendhagyó ragozású szavak összehasonlítása ragozott szóterjedelem tesztek és reakcióidő feladat segítségével. A vizsgálat alapkérdése, hogy a rendhagyó ragozású szavak esetében egészleges tárolás valósul-e meg, vagy hasonlóan képezzük őket, mint a szabályos alakokat. További cél az online (menetközbeni) feldolgozás és a memória összefüggésének feltárása. A kutatásban 37 egészséges, átlagos munkamemóriájú egyetemista vett részt, 8 férfi és 29 nő. A vizsgálati alanyok egy szóvisszamondási és egy szónemszó lexikális döntési feladatban vettek részt. Míg a kísérleti személyek a szónemszó döntési feladatban jobb eredményt értek el a szabályos ragozású szavak esetén, addig a memóriafeladatban nincs számottevő különbség a szabályos és a rendhagyó alakok között. Eredményeink alapján úgy tűnik, hogy a rendhagyó ragozású szavakat hasonlóan képezzük, mint a szabályos ragozású szavakat, tehát az olyan gazdag alaktannal rendelkező nyelvek esetében, ahol az inflexiós rag azonosítható a rendhagyó szavak esetén is, dekompozíció fog megvalósulni

Allergic reactions to hyaluronidase in pain management -A report of three cases-

Hyaluronidase has been gaining interest because it reduces tissue edema and fibrosis. Although rare, hyaluronidase has been shown to cause allergic reactions. A few cases of allergic reactions following hyaluronidase administration have been reported. Most of the described patients presented allergic reactions after peribulbar anesthesia for eye surgery. In this report, we describe three patients who experienced with allergic reactions to hyaluronidase following pain management. Two of the patients had a history of uneventful injection with hyaluronidase. All patients were afebrile and blood tests results were normal. Intradermal skin tests were positive. These clinical findings were helpful in establishing the differential diagnosis of infection. Although allergic reaction to hyaluronidase is rare and mostly benign, this must be considered before treating patients

Anaphylactic Shock Caused by the Epidurally-Administered Hyalurinidase

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that has temporary and reversible enzymatic effects on the matrix of connective tissue. When added to local anesthetics in pain treatments, it enhances their infiltration and dispersal into tissues. It is widely used in anesthesia for ocular, dental, and plastic surgery. Reports of drug hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase are rare and are usually confined to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia during ophthalmic surgery. However, few reports exist on adverse drug reaction after epidural injection. We have observed two patients experiencing anaphylactic shock caused by hyaluronidase following epidural injection. Most of the patients with a hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase had one previous uneventful injection containing hyaluronidase, implying that sensitization had taken place. However, hypersensitivity occurring at the first administration is possible. A positive skin test can help establish the diagnosis. Although rare, the possibility of an allergic reaction to hyaluronidase should be considered even in patients with no known previous exposure