The Implications of Mass Media on the Prevalence of Eating Disorders

Beauty and the idea of the perfect body is a concept that has consumed the minds of women alike for decades. The definition of what one considers beautiful is a direct reflection of the media and the beauty industry which is furthermore perpetuated through the daily, social interactions and constant conversations between individuals. Body image is an important part of self-identity and self-esteem. The ever-present media provides the constant reminder to many women that they are imperfect and has also altered individual’s approach on what to eat and when. There is virtually no point within the day where media is not integrated into our lives whether it be through the radio, in magazines, on the television, on billboards and now most recently phones and their social media platforms media can have an Orwellian influence on the dietary habits of women

The Role of Design Thinking in Scientific Research & Communication

Design thnking: Research: • Interviews with designers • Observations and case studies • Experimental studies • Simulation • Reflection and theorizing Designing is not a search for the optimum solution to the given problem, but that it is an exploratory process. The creative designer interprets the design brief not as a specification for a solution, but as a starting point for a journey of exploration,… “Deduction proves that something must be; Induction shows that something actually is operative; Abduction suggests that something may be.” Charles Pierce The main point of difference is that of timing. Both artists and scientists operate on the physical world as it exists in the present (whether it is real or symbolic), while mathematicians operate on abstract relationships that are independent of historical time. Designers… are forever bound to treat as real that which exists only in an imagined future and have to specify ways in which the foreseen thing can be made to exist. John Chris Jones, Design Method John Chris Jones on the objectives of a designer In Design Methods (1970) “The designer must be able to predict the ultimate effects of their proposed design as well as specifying the actions that are needed to bring these effects about.

Equilibrium, interest and money: three essays in the history of economic theory

The dissertation consists of three essays that utilize the historical record to shed light on contemporary theoretical problems. Essay I compares the most developed views of the equilibrium of physical systems, General Systems Theory, with the standard Walrasian concept of equilibrium used in economics. The contrast shows the Walrasian system to exhibit a contradiction. From the General Systems standpoint, it confuses the requirements of an open and a closed system. Drawing on Hayek\u27s work, this confusion is traced to the lack of a good social-level homeostatic mechanism, and is shown to result from the traditional auctioneer device;Essay II shows the usefulness of Keynes\u27 own-rates theory of interest in giving analytical focus to his complex views on the essential properties of interest and money. Viewing the own-rates concept as an attack on the Wicksellian real interest rate tradition, the essay offers a solution to two puzzles. First, it provides a rehabilitation of the traditional neglect of Keynes\u27 emphasis on monetary matters in the standard approaches to macroeconomics. Secondly, the attention to the development of the own-rates framework sheds suspicion on modern attempts to interpret Keynes as a Wicksellian disequilibrium monetary theorist. Instead, Keynes is shown to be an equilibrium theorist of a different color;Finally, the last essay compares the notions of equilibrium involved in three views of prices, money, and interest. In reviewing the Sraffa-Hayek debate, we get a clear view of the traditional long-period approach to monetary theory as a disturbing cause. Then, by tracing Hayek\u27s defense of his position to his confusion over the methodological role of money and interest in value theory, we find a whole new concept of monetary equilibrium--the Walrasian method of intertemporal equilibrium. Then Keynes, Sraffa and Hayek are compared via their conceptions of equilibrium own-rates. It is concluded that Keynes\u27 conception, lying somewhere intermediate between the Sraffian long-period and the Walrasian intertemporal case, offers one method of providing the social level homeostatic mechanism that the Walrasian conception was shown to lack in Essay I

Evaluating standardized pressure for garments used in scar management : pressure for burns scar therapy

Pressure garments are used to treat scars after major trauma such as burns to suppress the over development of scars. Pressure garments can alleviate the patients discomfort caused by the appearance of the developing scar tissue as well as pain and itching that can be experienced. Some hospitals have in house teams making bespoke pressure garments for patients. The current method used in UK hospitals applies a reduction factor of between 10 and 20% to produce garments. There is little evidence of the pressure delivered by in-house or any pressure garments as pressure sensor equipment is often not available, time consuming and difficult to use and therefore pressure is not measured in clinics at garment fitting. An audit of pressures delivered by 8 previously made pressure garments was conducted. The fabric that had been used to make those garments was tested and a Pressure Garment Design (PGD) Tool was made based on the equations generated from this test data. The historical patient and garment dimensions were entered to the PGD tool. The audit showed that the reduction factor of 20% had exerted between 15mmHg and 54mmHg on these patient’s limbs. A pilot study was then undertaken to compare the standard 20% reduction factor method to the ‘Laplace Law’ method of calculating pressure garment dimensions using a PGD tool. 4 participants were enrolled in the study. Three garments were produced for each participant to trial, one using the reduction method currently used and two that were designed to exert known pressures of 15mmHg and 25mmHg. The garments were worn and washed in rotation for approximately 8 weeks. As is standard practise in clinic, all garments were assessed by the therapist to ensure they were suitable for use by the Participant and the scars assessed for maturation. Prior to issuing the garments and during the study the pressure delivered by the garments was measured using a PICOPRESS pressure monitor. The manual method of calculating garment dimensions using a calculator is time consuming and less accurate than The Pressure Garment Design tool, which proved easy to use, and versatile for the quick adjustment of measurement and pressure values for producing finished garment dimensions. The measuring process and resulting data highlighted problems with measuring pressure on such small limbs. The pressure delivered using all garments varied on the individual due to variations in soft tissue and bony areas and an ability to only measure pressure on flatter body parts of the smallest limbs, which indicates that pressure readings taken on the individual may not be a true indication of the average pressure delivered. The data collected from the Pressure Garment design tool, predicted pressures and the pressure readings on the cylinder, confirmed that the Pressure Garment Design Tool can be used to produce garments capable of delivering a known pressure, and that the reduction factor method delivers a varied pressure in an individual garment on different limb circumferences ranging from 52mmHg on a 17.2cm circumference to 15mmHg on a 37.2cm circumference

Reported traumatic injuries among West Coast Dungeness crab fishermen, 2002–2014

Background: Commercial fishing is a high-risk occupation. The West Coast Dungeness crab fishery has a high fatality rate; however, nonfatal injuries have not been previously studied. The purpose of this report was to describe the characteristics of fatal and nonfatal traumatic occupational injuries and associated hazards in this fleet during 2002–2014. Materials and methods: Data on fatal injuries were obtained from a surveillance system managed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Data on nonfatal injuries were manually abstracted from Coast Guard investigation reports and entered into a study database. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise demographics, injury characteristics, and work processes performed. Results: Twenty-eight fatal and 45 nonfatal injuries were reported between 2002 and 2014 in the Dungeness crab fleet. Most fatalities were due to vessel disasters, and many nonfatal injuries occurred on-deck when fishermen were working with gear, particularly when hauling the gear (47%). The most frequently reported injuries affected the upper extremities (48%), and fractures were the most commonly reported injury type (40%). The overall fatality rate during this time period was 209 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers and the rate of nonfatal injury was 3.4 per 1,000 full-time equivalent workers. Conclusions: Dungeness crab fishermen are at relatively high risk for fatal injuries. Nonfatal injuries were limited to reported information, which hampers efforts to accurately estimate nonfatal injury risk and understand fishing hazards. Further research is needed to identify work tasks and other hazards that cause nonfatal injuries in this fleet. Engaging fishermen directly may help develop approaches for injury prevention.

Isolated LAD Revascularization in the Modern Era: Demographics and Preliminary Outcomes

Author Institution: Summa Health System, Northeast Ohio Universities College of Medicine ; The University of AkronRevascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery is an important, evolving and controversial topic. There are differences in patient selection, hospital stay and readmission, and hospital cost

‘It gives you nothing but it takes away everything’

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Incorporation of LNG into Small Gas Networks via FSRUs

Geopolitical risks on pipeline gas imports, increasing natural gas demand and the need to ensure continuous power supply with ever increasing fluctuating renewable power generation require diversification of gas sources to ensure supply security. With the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade increasing every year and natural gas prices remaining relatively low, more and more countries are interested in investing in regasification infrastructure. Establishing a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) and importing LNG has several advantages: lower cost compared to an onshore terminal, flexibility in relocation and the availability of short-term contracts all of which help serve small markets. FSRUs can also be operated in standby mode or used as an LNG storage facility. Operating an FSRU as a storage facility while beneficial for small networks introduces the challenges of LNG weathering and managing of the boil-off gas (BOG). To investigate these challenges on operation, a mathematical model is developed to determine the boil-off rate (BOR) over various time frames. The initial BOR is 0.129% of the initial storage volume increased to 0.143% after 10 weeks. Subsequent use of Aspen HYSYS to determine the change in LNG composition determined that Wobbe Index (WI) of the LNG varied from 51.58 to 51.616 MJ/Nm3 after 10 weeks of storage. An annual economic estimation of operating FSRU as a storage facility was carried out determining that the per unit price of gas obtained from regasified LNG is at least 42% lower than the current per unit price of gas in Ireland