Особливості та проблеми викладання мови в умовах дистанційного навчання

В статье рассматриваются особенности и проблемы дистанционного обучения языку как одной из составляющих процесса формирования специалиста медицинской отрасли. Изучены статьи ряда авторов – преподавателей как средней, так и высшей школы разных стран мира, которые имеют разные, зачастую диаметрально противоположные взгляды на данную проблему. Проведен анализ накопленного за период карантина опыта дистанционной работы по преподаванию языка, на основании которого определены проблемы, возникающие в процессе обучения. Приведены результаты опроса студентов по дистанционному обучению, в том числе указаны различия между мнениями отечественных и иностранных студентов. Сделан вывод, что дистанционная форма обучения языку не позволяет достичь необходимого уровня языковой профессиональной компетенции, а может быть использована как вспомогательная форма, позволяющая разнообразить и расширять методические приемы преподавания. Abstract. Features and problems of language teaching in the context of distance learning. T.V. Filat, M.Yu. Sidora, Ye.S. Zaporozhets, L.N. Serbinenko. The article discusses the features and problems of distance language learning as one of the components of the process of forming a specialist in the field of medicine. The articles of a number of authors - teachers of both secondary and higher schools from different countries of the world who have different, often diametrically opposed views on this problem - have been studied. An analysis of the experience of distance work in teaching a language accumulated during the quarantine period was carried out, on the basis of which problems arising in the learning process were identified. The results of a survey of students on distance learning are given, including the differences between the opinions of domestic and foreign students. It is concluded that the distance form of language teaching does not allow reaching the required level of linguistic professional competence, but can be used as an auxiliary form that allows diversifying and expanding teaching methods

Enhanced inverse bremsstrahlung heating rates in a strong laser field

Test particle studies of electron scattering on ions, in an oscillatory electromagnetic field have shown that standard theoretical assumptions of small angle collisions and phase independent orbits are incorrect for electron trajectories with drift velocities smaller than quiver velocity amplitude. This leads to significant enhancement of the electron energy gain and the inverse bremsstrahlung heating rate in strong laser fields. Nonlinear processes such as Coulomb focusing and correlated collisions of electrons being brought back to the same ion by the oscillatory field are responsible for large angle, head-on scattering processes. The statistical importance of these trajectories has been examined for mono-energetic beam-like, Maxwellian and highly anisotropic electron distribution functions. A new scaling of the inverse bremsstrahlung heating rate with drift velocity and laser intensity is discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Nucleotide-Oligomerization-Domain-2 Affects Commensal Gut Microbiota Composition and Intracerebral Immunopathology in Acute Toxoplasma gondii Induced Murine Ileitis

Background Within one week following peroral high dose infection with Toxoplasma (T.) gondii, susceptible mice develop non-selflimiting acute ileitis due to an underlying Th1-type immunopathology. The role of the innate immune receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 (NOD2) in mediating potential extra-intestinal inflammatory sequelae including the brain, however, has not been investigated so far. Methodology/Principal Findings Following peroral infection with 100 cysts of T. gondii strain ME49, NOD2-/- mice displayed more severe ileitis and higher small intestinal parasitic loads as compared to wildtype (WT) mice. However, systemic (i.e. splenic) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ were lower in NOD2-/- mice versus WT controls at day 7 p.i. Given that the immunopathological outcome might be influenced by the intestinal microbiota composition, which is shaped by NOD2, we performed a quantitative survey of main intestinal bacterial groups by 16S rRNA analysis. Interestingly, Bifidobacteria were virtually absent in NOD2-/- but not WT mice, whereas differences in remaining bacterial species were rather subtle. Interestingly, more distinct intestinal inflammation was accompanied by higher bacterial translocation rates to extra- intestinal tissue sites such as liver, spleen, and kidneys in T. gondii infected NOD2-/- mice. Strikingly, intracerebral inflammatory foci could be observed as early as seven days following T. gondii infection irrespective of the genotype of animals, whereas NOD2-/- mice exhibited higher intracerebral parasitic loads, higher F4/80 positive macrophage and microglia numbers as well as higher IFN-γ mRNA expression levels as compared to WT control animals. Conclusion/Significance NOD2 signaling is involved in protection of mice from T. gondii induced acute ileitis. The parasite-induced Th1-type immunopathology at intestinal as well as extra-intestinal sites including the brain is modulated in a NOD2-dependent manner

Synthesis, Structures and Ethylene Oligomerization Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes Supported by Multidentate Amidine-Based Ligands

Color poster with text, charts, and images.The purpose of this study was to synthesize new families of multidentate ligands and exploit their ability to coordinate transition metals, develop new transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization, including the oligomerization of ethylene to high purity a-olefins, develop new tridentate ligands to serve as analogues of Sasol-type catalysts, and examine the impact of ligand structure (type, number and position of substituents) on catalyst performance.University of Wiscosin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Programs; Chevron Phillips Chemical Compan