In vitro transformation of adult rat liver cells by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

Primary cultures of liver cells from normal adult rats were treated with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) at various concentrations for 6 days. 3'-Me-DAB treatment induced rapid proliferation of epithelial clear cells with chromosomal abnormalities and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. In early culture, marker chromosomes were detected in 13 of 44 3'-Me-DAB-treated cultures but not in control cultures. GGT activity was not detected in the epithelial clear cells in either 3'-Me-DAB-treated or control cultures. In late culture, 21 cell lines established from 39 carcinogen-treated cultures consisted of 3 diploid cell lines, 5 pseudodiploid cell lines and 13 aneuploid cell lines. Eighteen of these 21 cell lines had marker chromosomes. Of the 2 cell lines established from 15 control cultures both were aneuploid, but a marker chromosome was detected in only one of these. GGT activity was detected in 11 of 21 cell lines established from the carcinogen-treated cultures but not in those from control cultures. Morphological features of the cell lines which varied from normal to cancerous included polymorphism, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. No cell line established in this study developed tumors in host rats during a 1-year observation period.</p

STATUS POLIGAMI DALAM HUKUM ISLAM (Telaah atas Berbagai Kesalahan Memahami Nas dan Praktik Poligami)

This article discuss how the actual legal status of polygamy in Islamic law, by looking at the situation and the existing social conditions. Because it can not be denied that customary law will always apply in the midst of the people of Indonesia. Appropriate and inappropriate attitudes, natural and unnatural, rude and disrespectful, still very important in the oriental societies like Indonesia. Of course the rahmah Islamic law will negotiate for customary law and society perspective. So as to create an equitable justice, and losses caused by polygamy will be deleted.[Artikel ini membahas bagaimana sebenarnya status hukum poligami dalam hukum Islam, dengan melihat situasi dan kondisi kemasyarakatan yang ada. Karena tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa hukum adat akan selalu berlaku di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Sikap pantas dan tidak pantas, wajar dan tidak wajar, sopan dan tidak sopan, masih sangat kental di dalam masyarakat ketimuran seperti Indonesia. Tentu saja hukum Islam yang rah}mah akan melakukan negosiasi terhadap hukum adat dan cara pandang masyarakat. Sehingga tercipta keadilan yang merata dan terhapuslah kerugian demi kerugian yang dirasakan oleh pihak-pihak yang merasa dirinya dirugikan karena adanyapoligami.

Preparation and Primary Culture of Liver Cells Isolated from Adult Rats by Dispase Perfusion

The dispase perfusion technique was used to isolate liver cells from adult rats. The optimum conditions for obtaining many isolated liver cells with high viability were an enzyme concentration of 2000 U/ml, a pH of 7.5 and a perfusion time of 20 min. The population of isolated liver cells prepared with dispase consisted of 43.6% cells with diameters less than 20 micron and 56.4% cells with diameters above 20 micron. The isolated liver cells were cultured in basal culture medium either supplemented with or without dexamethasone (1 X 10(-5)M) and insulin (10 micrograms/ml). The addition of hormones to the culture medium improved the attachment efficiency of the isolated liver cells and delayed the disappearance of mature hepatocytes. Epithelial-like clear cells proliferated early in primary culture even in the presence of hormones. Therefore, functioning mature hepatocytes and proliferating epithelial-like clear cells coexisted well in the hormone-containing medium. Furthermore, the number of cultured cells reached a maximal level earlier in the presence of hormones than in the absence of hormones. The level of TAT activity in primary cultured cells was higher up to 3 days after inoculation in the presence of hormones than in their absence. No difference between G6Pase activity in primary cultured cells in the presence of hormones and that in the absence of hormones was found.</p

FAKTOR RISIKO YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) PADA LAKI-LAKI DI RSUP DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR TAHUN 2020-2021

Penyakit Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) menyebabkan penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan dapat berakibat fatal. Pada tahun 2017, terdapat 35 juta penderita HIV dengan 940.000 jiwa meninggal dunia. Kasus HIV telah mencapai 50.282 pada tahun 2019. Faktor risiko meliputi perilaku seksual berisiko, penggunaan jarum suntik terkontaminasi, dan tingkat pendidikan rendah. Oleh karena banyaknya faktor risiko HIV, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti faktor risiko yang memengaruhi kejadian HIV pada laki-laki di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Tahun 2020-2021. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian pada laki-laki di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar tahun 2020-2021. Metode penelitian yaitu deskriptif dilakukan pendekatan retrospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan November Tahun 2023 di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Sampel merupakan pasien laki-laki yang terdiagnosa HIV di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Tahun 2020-2021. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor risiko HIV dan angka kejadian HIV pada laki-laki. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari data sekunder yaitu rekam medik. Analisis data menggunakan uji univariat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 39 pasien laki-laki yang menderita HIV dengan faktor risiko utama yaitu penggunaan jarum tidak steril (33,3%), homoseksual (51,3%), heteroseksual (berganti-ganti pasangan) (41%), tingkat pendidikan rendah (66,7%), serta kombinasi faktor risiko yang paling memengaruhi kejadian HIV yaitu kombinasi homoseksual dan tingkat pendidikan rendah (28,20%). Faktor risiko utama yang memengaruhi kejadian HIV pada laki-laki adalah homoseksual dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah.

Levels of Adiponectin and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor 2 (SNFαR2) in Obese Males with or Without Fatty Liver

Background: Increased lipolysis in obese patients will cause elevated free-fatty acid level leading to insulin resistance. There are varied inflammatory cytokines (sTNFαR2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin) in obese patients, with and without fatty liver (FL). The aim of this study was to determine sTNFαR2 and adiponectin levels in obese patients with and without fatty liver. Method: This study was an observational study with cross-sectional approach, which was conducted between September 2008 and August 2009. The patients were 94 obese male with waist circumference ≥ 90 cm based on criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Fatty liver was detected by ultrasonography; while adiponectin and sTNFαR2 levels in blood were analyzed by using ELISA Method and blood examination at the clinical laboratory. Results: Levels of adiponectin and sTNFαR2 were different between obese patients with and without FL. The adiponectin level was 3.10 ± 1.14 in patients with FL and was 3.52 ± 1.07 in patients without FL; while the sTNFαR2 were 23.92 ± 6.00 (FL) and 20.61 ± 5.29 (without FL). In patients with low adiponectin level (&lt; 3.33 µ g/L) and high sTNFαR2 level (&gt; 21.78 pg/dL), there was relatively higher occurrence of fatty liver compared to the other patients. Conclusion: Obese patients with fatty liver have higher sTNFαR2 level than patients without fatty liver. Moreover, obese patients with fatty liver have lower adiponectin level compared to patients without fatty liver. Patients with low adiponectin level and high sTNFαR2 level have higher incidence of fatty liver than subjects with high adiponectin level and low sTNFαR2 level

Pernikahan Dini dan Keharmonisan Keluarga: Studi Kasus di Kota Kupang

Pernikahan usia muda atau pernikahan dini memang membawa resiko yang cukup tinggi bukan saja bagi pasangan tersebut akan tetapi kita sebagai orangtua juga merasa khawatir. Sebab usia mereka masih muda atau karena perbedaan usia, juga bisa jadi masalah kalau suaminya tidak pandai menyesuaikan diri dengan istri yang masih muda. Oleh sebab itu hal yang patut dilakukan orangtua kedua belah pihak adalah selalu memberi perhatian kepada pasangan ini dengan selalu  mencari tahu kesulitannya dan cara mengatasinya. Kalau tidak atau orangtua dua belah pihak membiarkan maka besar kemungkinan pasangan ini akan cepat bercerai karena mereka belum mampu mengatasi perbedaan diantara mereka apalagi memenuhi semua kebutuhan

Program Death Ligan-1 (PD-L1) Expression in Invasif Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type

Breast carcinoma is the most frequently cancer in women (24%) and the main cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Based on data from globocan 2018 shows the incidence of breast cancer is around 2.08 million (11.6%) which is the second rank of all cancers after lung cancer with a mortality rate of 626.6 thousand (6.6%). However, prognosis of the breast carcinoma is influenced by several factors, including tumor histology grade and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). PD-L1 expression has been investigated as a potential biomarker and immune checkpoint to assess the response of various types of cancer. This study aims to determine PD-L1 expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (IBC-NST) grades 1,2 and 3. This study used a sample of 80 cases of paraffin block for IBC-NST patients from 2017 to 2020. There were 17 samples (21.3%) with grade 1, 32 samples (40%) with grade 2, and 31 samples (38.8%) with grade 3. The number of samples with positive PD-L1 expression were 63 samples, and 17 samples of negative PDL-1 expression were obtained. In the PD-L1 negative group, from a total of 17 samples, 4 samples were grade 1, 10 samples were grade 2, and 3 samples were grade 3. In the PD-L1 positive group, from a total of 63 samples, 13 samples with grade 1, 22 with grade 2, and 28 samples with grade 3. Based on the Chi-square test, p value = 0.115 (p &gt; 0.05). The proportion of PD-L1 expression was higher at higher grades. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 expression in IBC-NST grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3

Clinicopathological Characteristics of high and low-grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma

Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide, after cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, but it has the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio of the three, indicating that it is fatal. Serous carcinoma is divided into two subtypes: low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). The purpose of this descriptive study is to determine the clinical characteristics of LGSC and HGSC patients based on five parameters: age, patient's chief complaint, tumor location, FIGO staging, and metastasis. For the period January 2017 to December 2021, 167 samples were collected based on histopathological data from three anatomical pathology laboratories in Makassar, consisting of 47 LGSC samples and 120 HGSC samples. The findings revealed that the most common age in LGSC and HGSC was 40-60 years (70.21% in LGSC and 70.83 percent in HGSC), and the most common chief complaint was abdominal enlargement (95.74% in LGSC and 94.17% in HGSC). LGSC is most commonly unilateral (53.20%), stage I-II (57.45%, and not metastatic (59.57%). In HGSC, it was most commonly bilateral (55%), 82 (68.33%) were diagnosed at stage III-IV, and most had metastases to the omentum (62.50%). In both types of tumors, the omentum is the most common site of tumor metastasis. Keyword : serous carcinoma, ovary, characteristics, metastasi

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma at Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia, 2015-2020

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. According to the type of histopathology, more than 90% of colorectal carcinomas are adenocarcinomas which are grouped into low grade and high grade based on their grading. Identification of characteristic groupings based on grading is still rarely done in Indonesia, especially in Makassar. This study aims to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of high grade colorectal adenocarcinoma at Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar from January 2015 to December 2020. This study used a descriptive method. The sample used was a sample that was diagnosed histopathologically as high grade colorectal adenocarcinoma and met the inclusion criteria then selected by total sampling and also used data from medical records. The distribution of data in this study is classified based on age, gender, tumor location, clinical symptoms, and tumor stage. Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 20 for Windows software. There were 98 samples, most of which were at the age of ≥50 years, as many as 32 samples (32.7%) with man as many as 60 samples (61.2%). The most common location was in the rectum as many as 38 samples (38.8%) with the most clinical symptoms were bowel disorders as many as 68 samples (69.4%) and stage 3 was the most cases with 35 samples (35.7%). &nbsp