Mollusk Diversity Around the Mangrove Forests, Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This research aims to report the diversity of molluscs around mangrove forest on the estuary Bungi, TaneteRilau District, Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research used methods of terraced paths. Data were collected from two stations, the determination using purposive sampling. At each site created 30 plots measuring 1x1m with distances between stations 10 m. Results of study on two research stations in the estuary Bungi found as many as 45 species of molluscs that represent two classes, as many as 30 types of Gastropods and Bivalves as many as 1 5 types of classes. Gastropods class consists of 9 Family namely, Potamididae, Thiaridae, Neritidae, Cerithiidae, Littorinidae, Strombidae, Muricidae, Cymatiidae, and Turbinidae. Bivalves class consists of 8 Familia,i.e., Ostreidae, Mactride, Arcidae, Tellinidae, Veneridae, Corbiculidae, Spondylidae and Tridacnidae

IbM PINDANG MANIS DAN PENGAWETAN IKAN MUJAIR PADA KELOMPOK WANITA NELAYAN DI KECAMATAN TANETE RILAU KABUPATEN BARRU

IbM PINDANG MANIS DAN PENGAWETAN IKAN MUJAIR PADA KELOMPOK WANITA NELAYAN DI KECAMATAN TANETE RILAU KABUPATEN BARR

Uji Daya Hambat terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata dan Efek Antidiabetiknya pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Aloksan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa bioaktif , aktivitas anti mikroba dan efek antidiabetik dari daun tanaman Rhizopora mucronata. Sampel berupa daun bakau diproleh dari kawasan pesisir pantai Barru. Daun Rhizopora mucronata diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% selama 3 × 24 jam. Ekstrak kemudian diuji secara fitokimia, uji anti mikroba dan uji antidiabetik. Dari hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak daun Rhizopora mucronata positif mengandung gugus fenolik. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji antimikroba terhadap bakteri uji yaitu Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, ekstrak daun Rhizopora mucronata menunjukkan tidak adanya aktifitas antimikroba terhadap jenis mikroba yang diujikan. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji antidiabetik ekstrak etanol daun Rhizopora mucronata dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang mengalami hiperglikemia setelah diinduksi dengan aloksan. Efek antidiabetik yang paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh pemberian ekstrak etanol R.mucronata dosis 625 mg/kgBB.Kata kunci: Rhizopora mucronata, Fitokimia, Staphyllococcus aureus, Eischerichia coli, Antidiabetik, dan Antimikrob

Mollusk Diversity Around the Mangrove Forests, Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This research aims to report the diversity of molluscs around mangrove forest on the estuary Bungi, TaneteRilau District, Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research used methods of terraced paths. Data were collected from two stations, the determination using purposive sampling. At each site created 30 plots measuring 1x1m with distances between stations 10 m. Results of study on two research stations in the estuary Bungi found as many as 45 species of molluscs that represent two classes, as many as 30 types of Gastropods and Bivalves as many as 15 types of classes. Gastropods class consists of 9 Family namely, Potamididae, Thiaridae, Neritidae, Cerithiidae, Littorinidae, Strombidae, Muricidae, Cymatiidae, and Turbinidae. Bivalves class consists of 8 Familia,i.e., Ostreidae, Mactride, Arcidae, Tellinidae, Veneridae, Corbiculidae, Spondylidae and Tridacnidae

Deterrence as a Nuclear Strategy: A Cold War-Era Study

ABSTRACT Deterrence can be considered a theory, a tactic, a national security strategy, or a broader defence plan. As a tactic, “deterrence” is a rational response to the inconsistencies in the international security environment. As a variable, “deterrence” is one of the numerous options available to a state for protecting its interests, and its applicability will vary as circumstances change. Thus, it would be an enormous intellectual and strategic mistake to assume that the function of deterrence is constant. This paper examines the concept of “deterrence,” which has become a realistic addition to military discourse after the advent of nuclear weapons. This article discusses Cold War deterrence’s nature, scope, application, and limits. Throughout the Cold War, this article discusses the nuclear tactics of the United States and the Soviet Union. During the cold war, the rapid growth of the superpowers’ nuclear arsenals did not render retaliatory threats obsolete; instead, they were fueled by counterforce targeting of each other’s economic, social, and military sectors. Thus, despite the 1987 INF Treaty, the US and USSR maintained a high level of nuclear readiness. In practise, military deterrence did not generate the same enthusiasm as in theory. The only time the nuclear strategy of military defence was deployed during the Cold War strategic fabric was in the 1970s and 1980s through the language of arms control instead of the deterrent effect of deterrent threats

Production of N2O, CO2 gases and microbe responses in the soil amended with urea granulated zeolite

Abstract This research study aims to determine the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), the rate of ammonium-nitrate, microbe responses in soil following the addition of urea coated by zeolite under soil incubated. The result showed that urea granulated with zeolite in soil sample had a significant effect on the production of CO2and have no significant increase N2O productions. Therefore, the addition of urea with zeolite seems to decrease the production of N2O compared to urea alone. The concentrations of ammonium and nitrate during incubation time were significantly affected by the amended type of fertilizers. The availability of ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased by addition of urea zeolite 30%. The urea combinedzeolite increases the growth of the fungi population, while population of ammonium oxidizer bacteria seems appearedlower in soil that amended with fertilizer compared to the control. The study showed that urea granulated with zeoliteincreased the time availability of soil nitrogen

Production of N2O, CO2 gases and microbe responses in the soil amended with urea granulated zeolite

This research study aims to determine the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), the rate of ammonium-nitrate, microbe responses in soil following the addition of urea coated by zeolite under soil incubated.The result showed that urea granulated with zeolite in soil sample had a significant effect on the production of CO2and have no significant increase N2O productions.Therefore, the addition of urea with zeolite seems to decrease the production of N2O compared to urea alone.The concentrations of ammonium and nitrate during incubation time were significantly affected by the amended type of fertilizers.The availability of ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased by addition of urea zeolite 30%.The urea combinedzeolite increases the growth of the fungi population, while population of ammonium oxidizer bacteria seems appearedlower in soil that amended with fertilizer compared to the control.The study showed that urea granulated with zeoliteincreased the time availability of soil nitrogen

Pertumbuhan Relatif Gurita, Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 di Perairan Selat Makassar Dan Teluk Bone

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan relatif gurita, Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 yang meliputi hubungan panjang-bobot dan faktor kondisi, yang didaratkan di Pulau Bonetambung, Kota Makassar, dan di Pulau Burung Lohe, Kabupaten Sinjai. Pengambilan sampel gurita dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juli 2019. Sampel gurita hasil tangkapan nelayan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diukur panjang total (TL, total length), panjang mantel dorsal (DML, dorsal mantle length), dan panjang mantel ventral (VML, ventral mantle length), kemudian ditimbang bobot tubuhnya (BW, body weight), dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan gonad secara visual untuk mengetahui jenis kelaminnya. Jumlah gurita yang diperoleh di P. Bonetambung adalah sebanyak 60 ekor (40 ekor jantan dan 20 ekor betina) dan di P. Burung Lohe sebanyak 66 ekor (27 ekor jantan dan 39 ekor betina). Gurita betina memiliki rerata panjang total dan bobot tubuh yang lebih besar dibandingkan gurita jantan, baik di P. Bonetambung maupun di P. Burung Lohe. Hubungan panjang total-bobot tubuh (TL-BW), hubungan panjang mantel dorsal-bobot tubuh (DML-BW), dan hubungan panjang mantel ventral-bobot tubuh (VML-BW) gurita jantan dan gurita betina yang tertangkap di P. Bonetambung dan di P. Burung Lohe seluruhnya menunjukkan tipe pertumbuhan hipoalometrik atau alometrik negatif yang berarti pertambahan panjang tubuh lebih cepat dibandingkan pertambahan bobot tubuhnya. Rerata faktor kondisi berdasarkan TL-BW, DML-BW, dan VML-BW gurita jantan di P. Burung Lohe lebih besar dibandingkan gurita betina. Hasil yang sama juga diperoleh pada gurita jantan di P. Bonetambung, kecuali untuk rerata faktor kondisi berdasarkan VML-BW (betina lebih besar).Kata kunci: gurita, Octopus cyanea, pertumbuhan, Pulau Bonetambung, Pulau Burung Loh