The monotonicity of component importance measures in linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems

The monotonicity behavior of component importance measures in linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems is studied through the formulation of a number of importance measures for these systems when all components are assumed to be independently and equally reliable. For the system with unequally reliable components, specific formulations are also developed. The structure and reliability functions for linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems are derived through the notion of minimal-path vector representation of system structure;Three types of component importance measures are considered in this study: first, importance measures based on critical vectors which include the Birnbaum and Barlow-Proschan measures; second, importance measures based on minimal-path vectors, which include the Deegan-Packel measure; and third, importance measures based on minimal-cut vectors, which include the Vesely-Fussel measure. It is shown that, for k ≤ n ≤ 2k, these measures are always monotone. However, for n \u3e 2k, only the Deegan-Packel and Vesely-Fussel measures are monotone, whereas the Birnbaum and Barlow-Proschan measures are shown to be nonmonotone for the entire domain of component reliability p, where n is in the range (2k + 1,3k + 1). For n \u3e 3k + 1, the Birnbaum measure is nonmonotone for certain p and k, and the Barlow-Proschan measure is nonmonotone when n is sufficiently large

Determinant Factors of Household Poverty

Poverty rate in Indonesia still relatively high reaches 10,12 % of Indonesia Population. In West Sumatera as a part of Indonesia, the poverty rate although lower than Indonesia, but it is still relatively high, reaches 6.75%. Several programs have been done to cope with poverty in Indonesia which have been successful to decrease the rate of poverty. However, in West Sumatera, the rate of poverty is stagnant in the last 5 years, even increase in the year 2016. To arrange the programs in FP villages, information about poverty is required. Among the important information needed are the factors that affect poverty in FP villages. A family planning village (FP village) is a village selected using certain criteria to be a development locality to help communities improve their quality of life and welfare through family planning and family development program in Indonesia. The objectives of this research were to describe characteristics of poor and non-poor households and to identify determinant factors of household poverty in FP villages of West Sumatera Province. The research was conducted in 17 FP villages, where 255 sample households were selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through interviewing the head of poor and non-poor households from July to September 2018.  The dependent variable used in this research was status of household poverty, and independent variables were number of a family member, involvement in family planning program, number of a working family member,  number of children under 5 years, age of household head,  education of household head, the skill of household head,  and working hour of the household head. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The result shows that poor household has more household member, less involved in family planning, fewer household working member, younger household head, a higher number of children under 5 years, lower education, mostly having no technical skill, and higher working hour, while determinant factors of household poverty in FP villages were the number of a family member, involvement in family planning program, age of household head, education of household head, and skill of household head

Analysis of the Structure, Conduct, and Market Performance of Gambier in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Gambier is a significant Indonesian export commodity contributing more than US$ 55 million to the economy. Production of gambier is centered in the province of West Sumatra, specifically Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This research aims to analyze the structure, conduct, and market performance of gambier commodity in West Sumatra. Fifty-two gambier farmers and twelve gambier traders were interviewed with data that were analyzed descriptively to determine the market structure, market conduct, and market performance.  Based on the number of end buyers (exporters) in West Sumatra, which are relatively small, only 16 companies compared to the number of sellers (farmers Gambier), this study concluded Gambier market structure tends to be monopsony. The majority of gambier exports from West Sumatra went to India. The market concentration analysis obtained a CR4 value of ≥ 0.8, which means low competition in the gambier commodity market. The market entry barriers analysis obtained an average value of MES of 35%, indicating the existence of barriers to market entry for new competitors. Four institutions were involved in marketing; collecting traders I, collecting traders II, interregional traders, and exporters. Of the four marketing channels, farmers-traders II-interregional traders (PAD)-exporters, was the most widely used, amounting to 51.92% of gambier trade. The research shows how different marketing channels benefit different institutions and provides suggestions to move towards a marketing system that provides more benefits to producers. The highest total marketing margin is on channel 1; Farmers-Merchants Merchants Gatherer I-II- Traders Inter (PAD) - Exporters. It occurs because channel 1 provides more marketing agencies. The highest of sharing farmers is the channel 4, i.e. farmers- interregional traders -exporters by 63.15%, and the lowest is in channel 2 (farmers-collecting traders II - interregional traders (PAD)-exporters) of 57.2 %

ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS KARET PERKEBUNAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN BANYUASIN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

The average productivity of rubber smallholder in Banyuasin Regency is 0,89 ton/ha lower than its potential productivity 1,5 ton/ha. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting rubber productivity, the level of technical efficiency and factors affecting technical inefficiency in rubber plantation at several group of plant age. The research used purposive sampling which obtained 60 samples of farmers as respondent and was conducted in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province from April to June 2020. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier Cobb Douglas analysis. The results showed that factors affecting rubber productivity were TSP, Fungicide, Herbicide, labour, numbers of plant (tree), plant age and clone. The level of rubber smallholder technical efficiency showed the various amount from 0.50 to 0.97 with average level 0.87. The highest average level of rubber smallholder technical efficiency was found at group of plant age 6-15 with TE 0.91. Factors affecting technical inefficiency were farmer’s education, training and farmers status. Keywords: Productivity, technical efficiency, rubber, stochastic frontier

Correlation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions of Coffee Farmers in Implementing Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in Solok District

Implementation of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in coffee farming as an effort to increase productivity. However, many farmers do not apply good cultivation techniques in their farming activities. research aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of farmers in implementing GAP. The method used was a survey and sampling technique using non-probability sampling (saturated sampling) of 120 Arabica coffee farmers in Lembah Gumanti and Pantai Cermin Districts, Solok Regency. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics from the results of frequency distribution tables and correlation analysis using Spearman Rank correlation test calculations. The analysis results show that farmers' knowledge of implementing GAP is high, and farmers' attitudes are quite good, while farmers' actions in implementing GAP are in the inappropriate category. Correlation analysis shows a significant relationship (significance 0.05) between knowledge, attitudes, and attitudes towards farmer actions (p= 0.00). There is no significant relationship between knowledge and action (p=0.974). In implementing GAP, farmers need to be given continuous counseling so that their attitudes and knowledge improve and farmers have high motivation to implement GAP

Kajian Dampak Pertambahan Penduduk Terhadap Ketersediaan Lahan Pertanian Di Provinbsi Sumatera Barat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya alih fungsi lahan sawah yang terjadi di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, mengindentifikasi pengaruh faktor pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan faktor lainnya terhadap alih fungsi lahan sawah di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Sumatera Barat, dan mengindentifiaksi kebijakan pemerintah dalam upaya mengatasi masalah alih fungsi lahan sawah di kabupaten/kota di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian dipusatkan di 3 kota dan 1 kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, yaitu: kota Padang, kota Padang Panjang, kota Payakumbuh, dan kabupaten Agam pada bulan Juli sampai bulan September 2017. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari publikasi BPS yang teridiri dari Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka, Kota Padang Dalam Angka, Kota Padang Panjang Dalam Angka, Kota Payakumbuh Dalam Angka, dan Kabupaten Agam Dalam Angka dari tahun 2007 sampai 2017, serta RPJM dan RTRW masing-masing daerah. Sedangkan data primer dikumpulkan melalui Focus Group Discussion pada masing-masing daerah dengan melibatkan instansi terkait. Variabel yang diamati adalah jumlah penduduk, pendapatan per kapita, luas lahan pemukiman, panjang jalan, harga beras, dan luas lahan sawah pada masing-masing daerah dalam periode 2006-2016. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi, dan analisis lintas dengan software SPSS dan Smart PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir secara umum telah terjadi alih fungsi lahan sawah secara signifikan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, khususnya di kota Padang, kota Padang Panjang, kota Payakumbuh, dan Kabupaten Agam. Penurunan luas lahan sawah di Sumatera Barat dipengaruhi oleh pertambahan jumlah penduduk, yang secara tidak langsung bersama-sama dengan pendapatan per kapita berpengaruh terhadap penurunan luas lahan sawah melalui peningkatan jumlah lahan pemukiman. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam menahan laju alih fungsi lahan sawah adalah meningkatkan kebijakan melalui: pengalokasian lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan (LP2B), revisi peraturan daerah tentang Rencana Tataruang Wilayah (RTRW), penyusunan peraturan daerah tentang Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR), pembukaan lahan sawah baru, dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya mempertahankan lahan sawah untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat

Factors Affecting the Marketing Efficiency of Gambier Commodity in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

This research is motivated by the condition of Gambier marketing in Limapuluh Kota Regency, the Gambier center of West Sumatera and Indonesia, which is still experiencing problems and tends to be inefficient because of the high marketing margins, and the low share received by farmers. This study aims to analyze what factors influence the marketing efficiency of Gambier commodities in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. In this study, the researcher uses a Structural Equation Model (SEM) PLS method by taking 100 Gambier producers from Kapur IX sub-district and Pangkalan Koto Baru sub-district as research sites. The results showed that the variables of human resources, marketing institutions, products, capital, and markets significantly affect the marketing efficiency of Gambier commodities in the research site. Only the variable of government policy did not have a substantial impact on marketing efficienc